医学图像中的自动对象识别可以促进医学诊断和治疗。在本文中,我们自动对超声图像中的锁骨神经进行了分割,以帮助注入周围神经块。神经块通常用于手术后的疼痛治疗,其中使用超声指导在靶神经旁边注入局部麻醉药。这种治疗可以阻止疼痛信号向大脑的传播,这可以帮助提高手术中的恢复速率,并显着减少术后阿片类药物的需求。但是,超声引导的区域麻醉(UGRA)要求麻醉师在视觉上识别超声图像中的实际神经位置。鉴于超声图像中神经的无视觉效果以及它们与许多相邻组织的视觉相似性,这是一项复杂的任务。在这项研究中,我们使用了自动神经检测系统进行UGRA神经阻滞治疗。该系统可以使用深度学习技术识别神经在超声图像中的位置。我们开发了一个模型来捕获神经的特征,通过训练两个具有跳过连接的深神经网络:两种扩展的U-NET体系结构,有或没有扩张的卷积。该溶液可能会导致区域麻醉中靶向神经的封锁。
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医疗图像分割有助于计算机辅助诊断,手术和治疗。数字化组织载玻片图像用于分析和分段腺,核和其他生物标志物,这些标志物进一步用于计算机辅助医疗应用中。为此,许多研究人员开发了不同的神经网络来对组织学图像进行分割,主要是这些网络基于编码器编码器体系结构,并且还利用了复杂的注意力模块或变压器。但是,这些网络不太准确地捕获相关的本地和全局特征,并在多个尺度下具有准确的边界检测,因此,我们提出了一个编码器折叠网络,快速注意模块和多损耗函数(二进制交叉熵(BCE)损失的组合) ,焦点损失和骰子损失)。我们在两个公开可用数据集上评估了我们提出的网络的概括能力,用于医疗图像分割Monuseg和Glas,并胜过最先进的网络,在Monuseg数据集上提高了1.99%的提高,而GLAS数据集则提高了7.15%。实施代码可在此链接上获得:https://bit.ly/histoseg
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深度学习已被广​​泛用于医学图像分割,并且录制了录制了该领域深度学习的成功的大量论文。在本文中,我们使用深层学习技术对医学图像分割的全面主题调查。本文进行了两个原创贡献。首先,与传统调查相比,直接将深度学习的文献分成医学图像分割的文学,并为每组详细介绍了文献,我们根据从粗略到精细的多级结构分类目前流行的文献。其次,本文侧重于监督和弱监督的学习方法,而不包括无监督的方法,因为它们在许多旧调查中引入而且他们目前不受欢迎。对于监督学习方法,我们分析了三个方面的文献:骨干网络的选择,网络块的设计,以及损耗功能的改进。对于虚弱的学习方法,我们根据数据增强,转移学习和交互式分割进行调查文献。与现有调查相比,本调查将文献分类为比例不同,更方便读者了解相关理由,并将引导他们基于深度学习方法思考医学图像分割的适当改进。
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需要连续监测足部溃疡愈合,以确保给定治疗的功效并避免任何恶化。脚下溃疡分割是伤口诊断的重要步骤。我们开发了一种模型,其精神与良好的编码器编码器和残留卷积神经网络相似。我们的模型包括剩余的连接以及在每个卷积块中集成的通道和空间注意力。一种基于贴剂训练,测试时间增加以及对获得预测的多数投票的简单方法,导致了卓越的性能。我们的模型没有利用任何容易获得的骨干架构,在类似的外部数据集或任何转移学习技术上进行预训练。与用于足球溃疡细分任务的可用最新模型相比,网络参数的总数约为500万,这使其成为一个显着的轻巧模型。我们的实验在斑块级和图像级别上呈现了结果。我们的模型应用于Miccai 2021的公开脚步溃疡细分(Fuseg)挑战数据集,就骰子相似性得分而言,最先进的图像级绩效为88.22%,在官方挑战排行榜中排名第二。我们还展示了一个非常简单的解决方案,可以将其与更高级的体系结构进行比较。
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从侵入性冠状动脉造影(ICA)中准确提取冠状动脉(ICA)在临床决策中对于冠状动脉疾病的诊断和风险分层(CAD)很重要。在这项研究中,我们开发了一种使用深度学习来自动提取冠状动脉腔的方法。方法。提出了一个深度学习模型U-NET 3+,其中包含了全面的跳过连接和深度监督,以自动从ICAS中自动提取冠状动脉。在这个新型的冠状动脉提取框架中采用了转移学习和混合损失功能。结果。使用了一个包含从210名患者获得的616个ICA的数据集。在技​​术评估中,U-NET 3+的骰子得分为0.8942,灵敏度为0.8735,高于U-NET ++(骰子得分:0.8814:0.8814,灵敏度为0.8331)和U-net(骰子分数) :0.8799,灵敏度为0.8305)。结论。我们的研究表明,U-NET 3+优于其他分割框架,用于自动从ICA中提取冠状动脉。该结果表明了临床使用的巨大希望。
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随着深度学习方法的进步,如深度卷积神经网络,残余神经网络,对抗网络的进步。 U-Net架构最广泛利用生物医学图像分割,以解决目标区域或子区域的识别和检测的自动化。在最近的研究中,基于U-Net的方法在不同应用中显示了最先进的性能,以便在脑肿瘤,肺癌,阿尔茨海默,乳腺癌等疾病的早期诊断和治疗中发育计算机辅助诊断系统等,使用各种方式。本文通过描述U-Net框架来提出这些方法的成功,然后通过执行1)型号的U-Net变体进行综合分析,2)模特内分类,建立更好的见解相关的挑战和解决方案。此外,本文还强调了基于U-Net框架在持续的大流行病,严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-COV-2)中的贡献也称为Covid-19。最后,分析了这些U-Net变体的优点和相似性以及生物医学图像分割所涉及的挑战,以发现该领域的未来未来的研究方向。
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Deep learning has made a breakthrough in medical image segmentation in recent years due to its ability to extract high-level features without the need for prior knowledge. In this context, U-Net is one of the most advanced medical image segmentation models, with promising results in mammography. Despite its excellent overall performance in segmenting multimodal medical images, the traditional U-Net structure appears to be inadequate in various ways. There are certain U-Net design modifications, such as MultiResUNet, Connected-UNets, and AU-Net, that have improved overall performance in areas where the conventional U-Net architecture appears to be deficient. Following the success of UNet and its variants, we have presented two enhanced versions of the Connected-UNets architecture: ConnectedUNets+ and ConnectedUNets++. In ConnectedUNets+, we have replaced the simple skip connections of Connected-UNets architecture with residual skip connections, while in ConnectedUNets++, we have modified the encoder-decoder structure along with employing residual skip connections. We have evaluated our proposed architectures on two publicly available datasets, the Curated Breast Imaging Subset of Digital Database for Screening Mammography (CBIS-DDSM) and INbreast.
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Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been recently employed to solve problems from both the computer vision and medical image analysis fields. Despite their popularity, most approaches are only able to process 2D images while most medical data used in clinical practice consists of 3D volumes. In this work we propose an approach to 3D image segmentation based on a volumetric, fully convolutional, neural network. Our CNN is trained end-to-end on MRI volumes depicting prostate, and learns to predict segmentation for the whole volume at once. We introduce a novel objective function, that we optimise during training, based on Dice coefficient. In this way we can deal with situations where there is a strong imbalance between the number of foreground and background voxels. To cope with the limited number of annotated volumes available for training, we augment the data applying random non-linear transformations and histogram matching. We show in our experimental evaluation that our approach achieves good performances on challenging test data while requiring only a fraction of the processing time needed by other previous methods.
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脑肿瘤分割是医学图像分析中最具挑战性问题之一。脑肿瘤细分的目标是产生准确描绘脑肿瘤区域。近年来,深入学习方法在解决各种计算机视觉问题时表现出了有希望的性能,例如图像分类,对象检测和语义分割。基于深度学习的方法已经应用于脑肿瘤细分并取得了有希望的结果。考虑到最先进技术所制作的显着突破,我们使用本调查来提供最近开发的深层学习脑肿瘤分割技术的全面研究。在本次调查中选择并讨论了100多篇科学论文,广泛地涵盖了网络架构设计,在不平衡条件下的细分等技术方面,以及多种方式流程。我们还为未来的发展方向提供了富有洞察力的讨论。
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视网膜成像数据中解剖特征的自动检测和定位与许多方面有关。在这项工作中,我们遵循一种以数据为中心的方法,以优化分类器训练,用于视神经层析成像中的视神经头部检测和定位。我们研究了域知识驱动空间复杂性降低对所得视神经头部分割和定位性能的影响。我们提出了一种机器学习方法,用于分割2D的视神经头3D广场扫描源光源光学相干断层扫描扫描,该扫描能够自动评估大量数据。对视网膜的手动注释2D EN的评估表明,当基础像素级分类任务通过域知识在空间上放松时,标准U-NET的训练可以改善视神经头部细分和定位性能。
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Delineation of the left ventricular cavity, myocardium and right ventricle from cardiac magnetic resonance images (multi-slice 2D cine MRI) is a common clinical task to establish diagnosis. The automation of the corresponding tasks has thus been the subject of intense research over the past decades. In this paper, we introduce the "Automatic Cardiac Diagnosis Challenge" dataset (ACDC), the largest publicly-available and fully-annotated dataset for the purpose of Cardiac MRI (CMR) assessment. The dataset contains data from 150 multi-equipments CMRI recordings with reference measurements and classification O. Bernard and F. Cervenansky are with the
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卷积神经网络(CNN)的深度学习体系结构在计算机视野领域取得了杰出的成功。 CNN构建的编码器架构U-Net在生物医学图像分割方面取得了重大突破,并且已在各种实用的情况下应用。但是,编码器部分中每个下采样层和简单堆积的卷积的平等设计不允许U-NET从不同深度提取足够的特征信息。医学图像的复杂性日益增加为现有方法带来了新的挑战。在本文中,我们提出了一个更深层,更紧凑的分裂注意U形网络(DCSAU-NET),该网络有效地利用了基于两个新颖框架的低级和高级语义信息:主要功能保护和紧凑的分裂注意力堵塞。我们评估了CVC-ClinicDB,2018 Data Science Bowl,ISIC-2018和SEGPC-2021数据集的建议模型。结果,DCSAU-NET在联合(MIOU)和F1-SOCRE的平均交点方面显示出比其他最先进的方法(SOTA)方法更好的性能。更重要的是,提出的模型在具有挑战性的图像上表现出了出色的细分性能。我们的工作代码以及更多技术细节,请访问https://github.com/xq141839/dcsau-net。
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前列腺活检和图像引导的治疗程序通常是在与磁共振图像(MRI)的超声指导下进行的。准确的图像融合依赖于超声图像上前列腺的准确分割。然而,超声图像中降低的信噪比和工件(例如,斑点和阴影)限制了自动前列腺分割技术的性能,并将这些方法推广到新的图像域是本质上很难的。在这项研究中,我们通过引入一种新型的2.5D深神经网络来解决这些挑战,用于超声图像上的前列腺分割。我们的方法通过组合有监督的域适应技术和知识蒸馏损失,解决了转移学习和填充方法的局限性(即,在更新模型权重时,在更新模型权重时的性能下降)。知识蒸馏损失允许保留先前学习的知识,并在新数据集上的模型填充后降低性能下降。此外,我们的方法依赖于注意模块,该模块认为模型特征定位信息以提高分割精度。我们对一个机构的764名受试者进行了培训,并仅使用后续机构中的十个受试者对我们的模型进行了审核。我们分析了方法在三个大型数据集上的性能,其中包括来自三个不同机构的2067名受试者。我们的方法达到了平均骰子相似性系数(骰子)为$ 94.0 \ pm0.03 $,而Hausdorff距离(HD95)为2.28 $ mm $,在第一机构的独立受试者中。此外,我们的模型在其他两个机构的研究中都很好地概括了(骰子:$ 91.0 \ pm0.03 $; hd95:3.7 $ mm $ and Dice:$ 82.0 \ pm0.03 $; hd95 $; hd95:7.1 $ mm $)。
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前列腺癌是美国男性癌症死亡的第二大原因。前列腺MRI的诊断通常依赖于准确的前列腺区域分割。但是,最新的自动分割方法通常无法产生前列腺区域的含有良好的体积分割,因为某些切片的前列腺MRI(例如碱基和顶点片)比其他切片更难分割。可以通过考虑相邻切片之间的跨片段关系来克服这一困难,但是当前的方法不能完全学习和利用这种关系。在本文中,我们提出了一种新型的跨板夹心注意机制,我们在变压器模块中使用该机制,以系统地学习不同尺度的跨斜纹关系。该模块可以在任何基于Skip Connections的现有基于学习的细分框架中使用。实验表明,我们的跨板块注意力能够捕获前列腺区域分割中的跨板片信息,并提高当前最新方法的性能。我们的方法提高了外围区域的分割精度,从而使所有前列腺切片(Apex,Mid-Gland和Base)的分割结果保持一致。
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Automatic segmentation is essential for the brain tumor diagnosis, disease prognosis, and follow-up therapy of patients with gliomas. Still, accurate detection of gliomas and their sub-regions in multimodal MRI is very challenging due to the variety of scanners and imaging protocols. Over the last years, the BraTS Challenge has provided a large number of multi-institutional MRI scans as a benchmark for glioma segmentation algorithms. This paper describes our contribution to the BraTS 2022 Continuous Evaluation challenge. We propose a new ensemble of multiple deep learning frameworks namely, DeepSeg, nnU-Net, and DeepSCAN for automatic glioma boundaries detection in pre-operative MRI. It is worth noting that our ensemble models took first place in the final evaluation on the BraTS testing dataset with Dice scores of 0.9294, 0.8788, and 0.8803, and Hausdorf distance of 5.23, 13.54, and 12.05, for the whole tumor, tumor core, and enhancing tumor, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed ensemble method ranked first in the final ranking on another unseen test dataset, namely Sub-Saharan Africa dataset, achieving mean Dice scores of 0.9737, 0.9593, and 0.9022, and HD95 of 2.66, 1.72, 3.32 for the whole tumor, tumor core, and enhancing tumor, respectively. The docker image for the winning submission is publicly available at (https://hub.docker.com/r/razeineldin/camed22).
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Image segmentation is a key topic in image processing and computer vision with applications such as scene understanding, medical image analysis, robotic perception, video surveillance, augmented reality, and image compression, among many others. Various algorithms for image segmentation have been developed in the literature. Recently, due to the success of deep learning models in a wide range of vision applications, there has been a substantial amount of works aimed at developing image segmentation approaches using deep learning models. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive review of the literature at the time of this writing, covering a broad spectrum of pioneering works for semantic and instance-level segmentation, including fully convolutional pixel-labeling networks, encoder-decoder architectures, multi-scale and pyramid based approaches, recurrent networks, visual attention models, and generative models in adversarial settings. We investigate the similarity, strengths and challenges of these deep learning models, examine the most widely used datasets, report performances, and discuss promising future research directions in this area.
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对骨关节炎(OA)的磁共振成像(MRI)扫描的客观评估可以解决当前OA评估的局限性。 OA客观评估是必需的骨,软骨和关节液的分割。大多数提出的分割方法都不执行实例分割,并且遭受了类不平衡问题。这项研究部署了蒙版R-CNN实例分割并改进了IT(改进的面罩R-CNN(IMASKRCNN)),以获得与OA相关组织的更准确的广义分割。该方法的训练和验证是使用骨关节炎倡议(OAI)数据集的500次MRI膝盖和有症状髋关节OA患者的97次MRI扫描进行的。掩盖R-CNN的三个修改产生了iMaskRCNN:添加第二个Roialigned块,在掩码标先中添加了额外的解码器层,并通过跳过连接将它们连接起来。使用Hausdorff距离,骰子评分和变异系数(COV)评估结果。与面膜RCNN相比,iMaskRCNN导致骨骼和软骨分割的改善,这表明股骨的骰子得分从95%增加到98%,胫骨的95%到97%,股骨软骨的71%至80%,81%和81%胫骨软骨的%至82%。对于积液检测,iMaskRCNN 72%比MaskRCNN 71%改善了骰子。 Reader1和Mask R-CNN(0.33),Reader1和ImaskRCNN(0.34),Reader2和Mask R-CNN(0.22),Reader2和iMaskRCNN(0.29)之间的积液检测的COV值(0.34),读取器2和mask r-CNN(0.22)接近COV之间,表明人类读者与蒙版R-CNN和ImaskRCNN之间的一致性很高。蒙版R-CNN和ImaskRCNN可以可靠,同时提取与OA有关的不同规模的关节组织,从而为OA的自动评估构成基础。 iMaskRCNN结果表明,修改改善了边缘周围的网络性能。
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由于图像的复杂性和活细胞的时间变化,来自明亮场光显微镜图像的活细胞分割具有挑战性。最近开发的基于深度学习(DL)的方法由于其成功和有希望的结果而在医学和显微镜图像分割任务中变得流行。本文的主要目的是开发一种基于U-NET的深度学习方法,以在明亮场传输光学显微镜中分割HeLa系的活细胞。为了找到适合我们数据集的最合适的体系结构,提出了剩余的注意U-net,并将其与注意力和简单的U-NET体系结构进行了比较。注意机制突出了显着的特征,并抑制了无关图像区域中的激活。残余机制克服了消失的梯度问题。对于简单,注意力和剩余的关注U-NET,我们数据集的平均值得分分别达到0.9505、0.9524和0.9530。通过将残留和注意机制应用在一起,在平均值和骰子指标中实现了最准确的语义分割结果。应用的分水岭方法适用于这种最佳的(残留的关注)语义分割结果,使每个单元格的特定信息进行了分割。
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Segmentation of lung tissue in computed tomography (CT) images is a precursor to most pulmonary image analysis applications. Semantic segmentation methods using deep learning have exhibited top-tier performance in recent years. This paper presents a fully automatic method for identifying the lungs in three-dimensional (3D) pulmonary CT images, which we call it Lung-Net. We conjectured that a significant deeper network with inceptionV3 units can achieve a better feature representation of lung CT images without increasing the model complexity in terms of the number of trainable parameters. The method has three main advantages. First, a U-Net architecture with InceptionV3 blocks is developed to resolve the problem of performance degradation and parameter overload. Then, using information from consecutive slices, a new data structure is created to increase generalization potential, allowing more discriminating features to be extracted by making data representation as efficient as possible. Finally, the robustness of the proposed segmentation framework was quantitatively assessed using one public database to train and test the model (LUNA16) and two public databases (ISBI VESSEL12 challenge and CRPF dataset) only for testing the model; each database consists of 700, 23, and 40 CT images, respectively, that were acquired with a different scanner and protocol. Based on the experimental results, the proposed method achieved competitive results over the existing techniques with Dice coefficient of 99.7, 99.1, and 98.8 for LUNA16, VESSEL12, and CRPF datasets, respectively. For segmenting lung tissue in CT images, the proposed model is efficient in terms of time and parameters and outperforms other state-of-the-art methods. Additionally, this model is publicly accessible via a graphical user interface.
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$ $With recent advances in CNNs, exceptional improvements have been made in semantic segmentation of high resolution images in terms of accuracy and latency. However, challenges still remain in detecting objects in crowded scenes, large scale variations, partial occlusion, and distortions, while still maintaining mobility and latency. We introduce a fast and efficient convolutional neural network, ASBU-Net, for semantic segmentation of high resolution images that addresses these problems and uses no novelty layers for ease of quantization and embedded hardware support. ASBU-Net is based on a new feature extraction module, atrous space bender layer (ASBL), which is efficient in terms of computation and memory. The ASB layers form a building block that is used to make ASBNet. Since this network does not use any special layers it can be easily implemented, quantized and deployed on FPGAs and other hardware with limited memory. We present experiments on resource and accuracy trade-offs and show strong performance compared to other popular models.
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