Dysgraphia, a handwriting learning disability, has a serious negative impact on children's academic results, daily life and overall wellbeing. Early detection of dysgraphia allows for an early start of a targeted intervention. Several studies have investigated dysgraphia detection by machine learning algorithms using a digital tablet. However, these studies deployed classical machine learning algorithms with manual feature extraction and selection as well as binary classification: either dysgraphia or no dysgraphia. In this work, we investigated fine grading of handwriting capabilities by predicting SEMS score (between 0 and 12) with deep learning. Our approach provide accuracy more than 99% and root mean square error lower than one, with automatic instead of manual feature extraction and selection. Furthermore, we used smart pen called SensoGrip, a pen equipped with sensors to capture handwriting dynamics, instead of a tablet, enabling writing evaluation in more realistic scenarios.
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众所周知,学习障碍主要干扰阅读,写作和数学等基本学习技能,会影响世界上约10%的儿童。作为神经发育障碍的一部分的运动技能和运动协调不足可能成为学习写作困难(障碍)的原因因素,从而阻碍了个人的学术轨道。障碍症的体征和症状包括但不限于不规则的笔迹,不正确的写作媒介处理,缓慢或劳力的写作,不寻常的手部位等。所有类型的学习障碍的评估标准是由医学医学进行的检查专家。少数可用的人工智能筛查系统用于障碍症,依赖于相应图像中手写的独特特征。这项工作对文献中儿童的现有自动化障碍诊断系统进行了综述。这项工作的主要重点是审查基于人工智能的儿童诊断的基于人工智能的系统。这项工作讨论了数据收集方法,重要的手写功能,用于诊断障碍症的文献中使用的机器学习算法。除此之外,本文还讨论了一些基于非人工智能的自动化系统。此外,本文讨论了现有系统的缺点,并提出了一个新颖的障碍诊断框架。
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本文对最近的ChildCI框架中提出的不同测试进行了全面分析,证明了其潜力可以更好地了解儿童的神经运动和随时间的认知发展,以及它们在其他研究领域的可能应用,例如电子学习。特别是,我们提出了一组与儿童与移动设备互动的运动和认知方面有关的100多个全球特征,其中一些是根据文献收集和改编的。此外,我们分析了拟议特征集的鲁棒性和判别能力,包括基于运动和认知行为的儿童年龄组检测任务的实验结果。在这项研究中考虑了两种不同的方案:i)单检验场景,ii)多测试场景。使用公开可用的childcidb_v1数据库(18个月至8岁的儿童超过400名儿童)实现了超过93%的精度,这证明了儿童年龄与与移动设备的互动方式之间的高度相关性。
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来自世界卫生组织的现行指南表明,萨尔科夫-2冠状病毒导致新型冠状病毒疾病(Covid-19),通过呼吸液滴或通过接触传输。当受污染的双手触摸嘴巴,鼻子或眼睛的粘膜时,会发生接触传输。此外,病原体也可以通过受污染的手从一个表面转移到另一个表面,这便于通过间接接触传输。因此,手卫生极为重要,无法防止萨尔库夫-2病毒的传播。此外,手工洗涤和/或手摩擦也破坏了其他病毒和细菌的传播,引起常见的感冒,流感和肺炎,从而降低了整体疾病负担。可穿戴设备(如Smartwatches)的巨大扩散,包括加速,旋转,磁场传感器等,以及人工智能的现代技术,如机器学习和最近深度学习,允许开发准确的应用人类活动的认可和分类,如:步行,攀爬楼梯,跑步,拍手,坐着,睡觉等。在这项工作中,我们评估了基于当前智能手​​表的自动系统的可行性,该智能手表能够识别何时受试者洗涤或摩擦它的手,以监测频率和持续时间的参数,并评估手势的有效性。我们的初步结果显示了分别为深度和标准学习技术的约95%和约94%的分类准确性。
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The occurrence of vacuum arcs or radio frequency (rf) breakdowns is one of the most prevalent factors limiting the high-gradient performance of normal conducting rf cavities in particle accelerators. In this paper, we search for the existence of previously unrecognized features related to the incidence of rf breakdowns by applying a machine learning strategy to high-gradient cavity data from CERN's test stand for the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC). By interpreting the parameters of the learned models with explainable artificial intelligence (AI), we reverse-engineer physical properties for deriving fast, reliable, and simple rule-based models. Based on 6 months of historical data and dedicated experiments, our models show fractions of data with a high influence on the occurrence of breakdowns. Specifically, it is shown that the field emitted current following an initial breakdown is closely related to the probability of another breakdown occurring shortly thereafter. Results also indicate that the cavity pressure should be monitored with increased temporal resolution in future experiments, to further explore the vacuum activity associated with breakdowns.
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智能制造系统以越来越多的速度部署,因为它们能够解释各种各样的感知信息并根据系统观察收集的知识采取行动。在许多情况下,智能制造系统的主要目标是快速检测(或预期)失败以降低运营成本并消除停机时间。这通常归结为检测从系统中获取的传感器日期内的异常。智能制造应用域构成了某些显着的技术挑战。特别是,通常有多种具有不同功能和成本的传感器。传感器数据特性随环境或机器的操作点而变化,例如电动机的RPM。因此,必须在工作点附近校准异常检测过程。在本文中,我们分析了从制造测试台部署的传感器中的四个数据集。我们评估了几种基于传统和ML的预测模型的性能,以预测传感器数据的时间序列。然后,考虑到一种传感器的稀疏数据,我们从高数据速率传感器中执行传输学习来执行缺陷类型分类。综上所述,我们表明可以实现预测性故障分类,从而为预测维护铺平了道路。
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A well-performing prediction model is vital for a recommendation system suggesting actions for energy-efficient consumer behavior. However, reliable and accurate predictions depend on informative features and a suitable model design to perform well and robustly across different households and appliances. Moreover, customers' unjustifiably high expectations of accurate predictions may discourage them from using the system in the long term. In this paper, we design a three-step forecasting framework to assess predictability, engineering features, and deep learning architectures to forecast 24 hourly load values. First, our predictability analysis provides a tool for expectation management to cushion customers' anticipations. Second, we design several new weather-, time- and appliance-related parameters for the modeling procedure and test their contribution to the model's prediction performance. Third, we examine six deep learning techniques and compare them to tree- and support vector regression benchmarks. We develop a robust and accurate model for the appliance-level load prediction based on four datasets from four different regions (US, UK, Austria, and Canada) with an equal set of appliances. The empirical results show that cyclical encoding of time features and weather indicators alongside a long-short term memory (LSTM) model offer the optimal performance.
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Pneumonia, a respiratory infection brought on by bacteria or viruses, affects a large number of people, especially in developing and impoverished countries where high levels of pollution, unclean living conditions, and overcrowding are frequently observed, along with insufficient medical infrastructure. Pleural effusion, a condition in which fluids fill the lung and complicate breathing, is brought on by pneumonia. Early detection of pneumonia is essential for ensuring curative care and boosting survival rates. The approach most usually used to diagnose pneumonia is chest X-ray imaging. The purpose of this work is to develop a method for the automatic diagnosis of bacterial and viral pneumonia in digital x-ray pictures. This article first presents the authors' technique, and then gives a comprehensive report on recent developments in the field of reliable diagnosis of pneumonia. In this study, here tuned a state-of-the-art deep convolutional neural network to classify plant diseases based on images and tested its performance. Deep learning architecture is compared empirically. VGG19, ResNet with 152v2, Resnext101, Seresnet152, Mobilenettv2, and DenseNet with 201 layers are among the architectures tested. Experiment data consists of two groups, sick and healthy X-ray pictures. To take appropriate action against plant diseases as soon as possible, rapid disease identification models are preferred. DenseNet201 has shown no overfitting or performance degradation in our experiments, and its accuracy tends to increase as the number of epochs increases. Further, DenseNet201 achieves state-of-the-art performance with a significantly a smaller number of parameters and within a reasonable computing time. This architecture outperforms the competition in terms of testing accuracy, scoring 95%. Each architecture was trained using Keras, using Theano as the backend.
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口吃是一种言语障碍,在此期间,语音流被非自愿停顿和声音重复打断。口吃识别是一个有趣的跨学科研究问题,涉及病理学,心理学,声学和信号处理,使检测很难且复杂。机器和深度学习的最新发展已经彻底彻底改变了语音领域,但是对口吃的识别受到了最小的关注。这项工作通过试图将研究人员从跨学科领域聚集在一起来填补空白。在本文中,我们回顾了全面的声学特征,基于统计和深度学习的口吃/不足分类方法。我们还提出了一些挑战和未来的指示。
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人们的个人卫生习惯在每日生活方式中照顾身体和健康的状况。保持良好的卫生习惯不仅减少了患疾病的机会,而且还可以降低社区中传播疾病的风险。鉴于目前的大流行,每天的习惯,例如洗手或定期淋浴,在人们中至关重要,尤其是对于单独生活在家里或辅助生活设施中的老年人。本文提出了一个新颖的非侵入性框架,用于使用我们采用机器学习技术的振动传感器监测人卫生。该方法基于地球通传感器,数字化器和实用外壳中具有成本效益的计算机板的组合。监测日常卫生常规可能有助于医疗保健专业人员积极主动,而不是反应性,以识别和控制社区内潜在暴发的传播。实验结果表明,将支持向量机(SVM)用于二元分类,在不同卫生习惯的分类中表现出约95%的有希望的准确性。此外,基于树的分类器(随机福雷斯特和决策树)通过实现最高精度(100%)优于其他模型,这意味着可以使用振动和非侵入性传感器对卫生事件进行分类,以监测卫生活动。
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Remaining Useful Life (RUL) estimation plays a critical role in Prognostics and Health Management (PHM). Traditional machine health maintenance systems are often costly, requiring sufficient prior expertise, and are difficult to fit into highly complex and changing industrial scenarios. With the widespread deployment of sensors on industrial equipment, building the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) to interconnect these devices has become an inexorable trend in the development of the digital factory. Using the device's real-time operational data collected by IIoT to get the estimated RUL through the RUL prediction algorithm, the PHM system can develop proactive maintenance measures for the device, thus, reducing maintenance costs and decreasing failure times during operation. This paper carries out research into the remaining useful life prediction model for multi-sensor devices in the IIoT scenario. We investigated the mainstream RUL prediction models and summarized the basic steps of RUL prediction modeling in this scenario. On this basis, a data-driven approach for RUL estimation is proposed in this paper. It employs a Multi-Head Attention Mechanism to fuse the multi-dimensional time-series data output from multiple sensors, in which the attention on features is used to capture the interactions between features and attention on sequences is used to learn the weights of time steps. Then, the Long Short-Term Memory Network is applied to learn the features of time series. We evaluate the proposed model on two benchmark datasets (C-MAPSS and PHM08), and the results demonstrate that it outperforms the state-of-art models. Moreover, through the interpretability of the multi-head attention mechanism, the proposed model can provide a preliminary explanation of engine degradation. Therefore, this approach is promising for predictive maintenance in IIoT scenarios.
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心房颤动(被称为AF / AFIB Hustorth)是一种离散,通常快速的心律,可以导致心脏附近的凝块。我们可以通过在缺乏P和R波之间的不一致间隔来检测AFIB信号,如图所示(1)所示。现有方法围绕CNN围绕CNN,用于检测AFIB,但大多数与12个点引导ECG数据一起工作,在我们的情况下,健康仪表手表处理单点ECG数据。十二点引线ECG数据比单点更准确。此外,健康仪表观看数据很大。实现模型以检测手表的AFIB是测试CNN如何改变/修改以使用现实生活数据的测试
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社交媒体的自杀意图检测是一种不断发展的研究,挑战了巨大的挑战。许多有自杀倾向的人通过社交媒体平台分享他们的思想和意见。作为许多研究的一部分,观察到社交媒体的公开职位包含有价值的标准,以有效地检测有自杀思想的个人。防止自杀的最困难的部分是检测和理解可能导致自杀的复杂风险因素和警告标志。这可以通过自动识别用户行为的突然变化来实现。自然语言处理技术可用于收集社交媒体交互的行为和文本特征,这些功能可以传递给特殊设计的框架,以检测人类交互中的异常,这是自杀意图指标。我们可以使用深度学习和/或基于机器学习的分类方法来实现快速检测自杀式思想。出于这种目的,我们可以采用LSTM和CNN模型的组合来检测来自用户的帖子的这种情绪。为了提高准确性,一些方法可以使用更多数据进行培训,使用注意模型提高现有模型等的效率。本文提出了一种LSTM-Incription-CNN组合模型,用于分析社交媒体提交,以检测任何潜在的自杀意图。在评估期间,所提出的模型的准确性为90.3%,F1分数为92.6%,其大于基线模型。
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使用人工智能算法对连续,非侵入性,无齿状血压(BP)测量进行了广泛的研究。这种方法涉及从ECG,PPG,ICG,BCG等生理信号中提取某些特征作为独立变量,并从动脉血压(ABP)信号中提取特征作为依赖变量,然后使用机器学习算法来开发血压估计基于这些数据的模型。该领域的最大挑战是估计模型的准确性不足。本文提出了一种具有聚类步骤的新型血压估计方法,用于精度改善。所提出的方法涉及从心电图(ECG)和光电读数(PPG)信号中提取脉冲传输时间(PPG),PPG强度比(PIR)和心率(HR)特征作为聚类和回归的输入,提取收缩压( SBP)和舒张压(DBP)来自ABP信号的特征作为依赖变量,最后通过应用梯度升压回归(GBR),随机森林回归(RFR)和每个群集的多层的Perceptron回归(MLP)开发回归模型。使用MIMICII数据集来实现该方法,其中用于确定最佳数量的簇的轮廓标准。结果表明,由于采用群集算法,然后在每个簇上开发回归模型,并且最终加权平均可以显着提高,因此可以显着改善精度。结果基于每个群集的错误。当用5个集群和GBR实施时,该方法产生了2.56的MAE,对于SBP估计,2.23对于DBP估计,这显着优于没有聚类的最佳结果(DBP:6.27,SBP:6.36)。
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机器学习(ML)是指根据大量数据预测有意义的输出或对复杂系统进行分类的计算机算法。 ML应用于各个领域,包括自然科学,工程,太空探索甚至游戏开发。本文的重点是在化学和生物海洋学领域使用机器学习。在预测全球固定氮水平,部分二氧化碳压力和其他化学特性时,ML的应用是一种有前途的工具。机器学习还用于生物海洋学领域,可从各种图像(即显微镜,流车和视频记录器),光谱仪和其他信号处理技术中检测浮游形式。此外,ML使用其声学成功地对哺乳动物进行了分类,在特定的环境中检测到濒临灭绝的哺乳动物和鱼类。最重要的是,使用环境数据,ML被证明是预测缺氧条件和有害藻华事件的有效方法,这是对环境监测的重要测量。此外,机器学习被用来为各种物种构建许多对其他研究人员有用的数据库,而创建新算法将帮助海洋研究界更好地理解海洋的化学和生物学。
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可穿戴设备,不断收集用户的各种传感器数据,增加了无意和敏感信息的推论的机会,例如在物理键盘上键入的密码。我们彻底看看使用电拍摄(EMG)数据的潜力,这是一个新的传感器模式,这是市场新的,但最近在可穿戴物的上下文中受到关注,用于增强现实(AR),用于键盘侧通道攻击。我们的方法是基于使用Myo Armband收集传感器数据的逼真场景中对象攻击之间的神经网络。在我们的方法中,与加速度计和陀螺相比,EMG数据被证明是最突出的信息来源,增加了击键检测性能。对于我们对原始数据的端到端方法,我们报告了击键检测的平均平衡准确性,击键检测的平均高度高精度为52级,为不同优势密码的密钥识别约32% 。我们创建了一个广泛的数据集,包括从37个志愿者录制的310 000次击键,它可作为开放式访问,以及用于创建给定结果的源代码。
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近年来,随着传感器和智能设备的广泛传播,物联网(IoT)系统的数据生成速度已大大增加。在物联网系统中,必须经常处理,转换和分析大量数据,以实现各种物联网服务和功能。机器学习(ML)方法已显示出其物联网数据分析的能力。但是,将ML模型应用于物联网数据分析任务仍然面临许多困难和挑战,特别是有效的模型选择,设计/调整和更新,这给经验丰富的数据科学家带来了巨大的需求。此外,物联网数据的动态性质可能引入概念漂移问题,从而导致模型性能降解。为了减少人类的努力,自动化机器学习(AUTOML)已成为一个流行的领域,旨在自动选择,构建,调整和更新机器学习模型,以在指定任务上实现最佳性能。在本文中,我们对Automl区域中模型选择,调整和更新过程中的现有方法进行了审查,以识别和总结将ML算法应用于IoT数据分析的每个步骤的最佳解决方案。为了证明我们的发现并帮助工业用户和研究人员更好地实施汽车方法,在这项工作中提出了将汽车应用于IoT异常检测问题的案例研究。最后,我们讨论并分类了该领域的挑战和研究方向。
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研究了自闭症数据集,以确定自闭症和健康组之间的差异。为此,分析了这两组的静止状态功能磁共振成像(RS-FMRI)数据,并创建了大脑区域之间的连接网络。开发了几个分类框架,以区分组之间的连接模式。比较了统计推断和精度的最佳模型,并分析了精度和模型解释性之间的权衡。最后,据报道,分类精度措施证明了我们框架的性能。我们的最佳模型可以以71%的精度将自闭症和健康的患者分类为多站点I数据。
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天然气管道中的泄漏检测是石油和天然气行业的一个重要且持续的问题。这尤其重要,因为管道是运输天然气的最常见方法。这项研究旨在研究数据驱动的智能模型使用基本操作参数检测天然气管道的小泄漏的能力,然后使用现有的性能指标比较智能模型。该项目应用观察者设计技术,使用回归分类层次模型来检测天然气管道中的泄漏,其中智能模型充当回归器,并且修改后的逻辑回归模型充当分类器。该项目使用四个星期的管道数据流研究了五个智能模型(梯度提升,决策树,随机森林,支持向量机和人工神经网络)。结果表明,虽然支持向量机和人工神经网络比其他网络更好,但由于其内部复杂性和所使用的数据量,它们并未提供最佳的泄漏检测结果。随机森林和决策树模型是最敏感的,因为它们可以在大约2小时内检测到标称流量的0.1%的泄漏。所有智能模型在测试阶段中具有高可靠性,错误警报率为零。将所有智能模型泄漏检测的平均时间与文献中的实时短暂模型进行了比较。结果表明,智能模型在泄漏检测问题中的表现相对较好。该结果表明,可以与实时瞬态模型一起使用智能模型,以显着改善泄漏检测结果。
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Network intrusion detection systems (NIDSs) play an important role in computer network security. There are several detection mechanisms where anomaly-based automated detection outperforms others significantly. Amid the sophistication and growing number of attacks, dealing with large amounts of data is a recognized issue in the development of anomaly-based NIDS. However, do current models meet the needs of today's networks in terms of required accuracy and dependability? In this research, we propose a new hybrid model that combines machine learning and deep learning to increase detection rates while securing dependability. Our proposed method ensures efficient pre-processing by combining SMOTE for data balancing and XGBoost for feature selection. We compared our developed method to various machine learning and deep learning algorithms to find a more efficient algorithm to implement in the pipeline. Furthermore, we chose the most effective model for network intrusion based on a set of benchmarked performance analysis criteria. Our method produces excellent results when tested on two datasets, KDDCUP'99 and CIC-MalMem-2022, with an accuracy of 99.99% and 100% for KDDCUP'99 and CIC-MalMem-2022, respectively, and no overfitting or Type-1 and Type-2 issues.
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