Visual ScanPath是人类凝视在观察图像时行进的固定点序列,其预测有助于建模图像的视觉注意。为此,使用复杂的深度学习架构和框架在文献中提出了多种模型。在这里,我们以简单的完全卷积回归方式探讨使用共同的深度学习架构的效率。我们尝试这些模型可以在2个数据集上预测扫描路径的程度。我们与使用不同指标的其他模型进行比较,并显示有时超越以前复杂的架构的竞争结果。我们还根据实验的表演比较不同的杠杆骨干架构,推断哪些是最适合任务的。
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文化遗产的理解和保存对于社会来说是一个重要的问题,因为它代表了其身份的基本方面。绘画代表了文化遗产的重要组成部分,并且是不断研究的主题。但是,观众认为绘画与所谓的HVS(人类视觉系统)行为严格相关。本文重点介绍了一定数量绘画的视觉体验期间观众的眼动分析。在进一步的详细信息中,我们引入了一种新的方法来预测人类的视觉关注,这影响了人类的几种认知功能,包括对场景的基本理解,然后将其扩展到绘画图像。拟议的新建筑摄入图像并返回扫描路径,这是一系列积分,具有引起观众注意力的很有可能性。我们使用FCNN(完全卷积的神经网络),其中利用了可区分的渠道选择和软弧度模块。我们还将可学习的高斯分布纳入网络瓶颈上,以模拟自然场景图像中的视觉注意力过程偏见。此外,为了减少不同域之间的变化影响(即自然图像,绘画),我们敦促模型使用梯度反转分类器从其他域中学习无监督的一般特征。在准确性和效率方面,我们的模型获得的结果优于现有的最先进的结果。
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使用变压器 - 卷积神经网络(CNN)的视觉显着性预测具有显着的高级计算模型,以实现显着性预测。但是,准确模拟人类皮层中视觉注意的机制仍然是一个学术挑战。将人类视力的属性集成到CNN体系结构的设计中,这是至关重要的,从而导致感知上更相关的显着性预测。由于CNN体系结构的固有归纳偏见,因此缺乏足够的长距离上下文编码能力。这阻碍了基于CNN的显着性模型,无法捕获模仿人类观看行为的属性。通过利用自我发项机制来编码远程信息,变形金刚在编码远程信息方面表现出了巨大潜力。在本文中,我们提出了一个新颖的显着性模型,该模型将变压器组件集成到CNNs以捕获远程上下文视觉信息。实验结果表明,变压器为显着性预测提供了附加的价值,从而增强了其在性能中的感知相关性。我们提出的使用变压器的显着性模型在公共基准和显着性预测模型的竞争上取得了卓越的成果。我们提出的显着模型TransAlnet的源代码可在以下网址获得:https://github.com/ljovo/transalnet
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本文介绍了一种新的框架,以预测全向图像的视觉注意。我们的体系结构的关键设置是同时预测给定刺激的显着图和相应的扫描路径。该框架实现了一个完全编码器 - 解码器卷积神经网络,由注意模块增强以生成代表性显着图。另外,采用辅助网络通过SoftArgMax函数来生成可能的视口中心固定点。后者允许从特征映射派生固定点。为了利用扫描路径预测,然后应用自适应联合概率分布模型来通过利用基于编码器解码器的显着性图和基于扫描路径的显着热图来构建最终的不偏不倚的显着性图。在显着性和扫描路径预测方面评估所提出的框架,并将结果与​​Salient360上的最先进方法进行比较!数据集。结果表明,我们的框架和这种架构的益处的相关性,用于进一步全向视觉注意预测任务。
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边缘检测是许多计算机视觉应用的基础。最先进的国家主要依赖于两个决定性因素的深度学习:数据集内容和网络的体系结构。大多数公共可用数据集未策划边缘检测任务。在这里,我们为此约束提供解决方案。首先,我们认为边缘,轮廓和边界尽管它们重叠,是需要单独的基准数据集的三个不同的视觉功能。为此,我们介绍了一个新的边缘数据集。其次,我们提出了一种新颖的架构,称为边缘检测(Dexined)的密集极端成立网络,可以从划痕的情况下培训,而没有任何预先训练的重量。Dexined优于所呈现的数据集中的其他算法。它还概括到其他数据集没有任何微调。由于IT输出的更锐利和更精细的边缘,所以更高的Dexined质量也显着显着。
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Saliency detection is one of the most challenging problems in image analysis and computer vision. Many approaches propose different architectures based on the psychological and biological properties of the human visual attention system. However, there is still no abstract framework that summarizes the existing methods. In this paper, we offered a general framework for saliency models, which consists of five main steps: pre-processing, feature extraction, saliency map generation, saliency map combination, and post-processing. Also, we study different saliency models containing each level and compare their performance. This framework helps researchers to have a comprehensive view of studying new methods.
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Recent progress on salient object detection is substantial, benefiting mostly from the explosive development of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Semantic segmentation and salient object detection algorithms developed lately have been mostly based on Fully Convolutional Neural Networks (FCNs). There is still a large room for improvement over the generic FCN models that do not explicitly deal with the scale-space problem. Holistically-Nested Edge Detector (HED) provides a skip-layer structure with deep supervision for edge and boundary detection, but the performance gain of HED on saliency detection is not obvious. In this paper, we propose a new salient object detection method by introducing short connections to the skip-layer structures within the HED architecture. Our framework takes full advantage of multi-level and multi-scale features extracted from FCNs, providing more advanced representations at each layer, a property that is critically needed to perform segment detection. Our method produces state-of-theart results on 5 widely tested salient object detection benchmarks, with advantages in terms of efficiency (0.08 seconds per image), effectiveness, and simplicity over the existing algorithms. Beyond that, we conduct an exhaustive analysis on the role of training data on performance. Our experimental results provide a more reasonable and powerful training set for future research and fair comparisons.
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尽管有重要的表示能力,但馈通仅卷积神经网络(CNNS)可以忽略视觉任务中反馈连接的内在关系和潜在好处。在这项工作中,我们提出了一个反馈递归卷积框架(SALFBNET),可加于显着性检测。所提出的反馈模型可以通过从更高级别的特征块到低级层来缩小递归通路来学习丰富的上下文表示。此外,我们创建了一个大规模的伪显着数据集来缓解显着性检测的数据缺陷问题。我们首先使用所提出的反馈模型来从伪地面真理中学习显着分布。之后,我们微调现有眼固定数据集的反馈模型。此外,我们提出了一种新颖的选择性固定和非固定误差(SFNE)丢失,以使提出的反馈模型更好地学习可区分的基于眼固定的特征。广泛的实验结果表明,我们的SALFBNET具有较少参数的竞争结果对公共显着性检测基准进行了竞争力,这证明了提出的反馈模型和伪显着数据的有效性。源代码和伪显着数据集可以在https://github.com/gqding/salfbnet找到
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Existing state-of-the-art salient object detection networks rely on aggregating multi-level features of pretrained convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Compared to high-level features, low-level features contribute less to performance but cost more computations because of their larger spatial resolutions. In this paper, we propose a novel Cascaded Partial Decoder (CPD) framework for fast and accurate salient object detection. On the one hand, the framework constructs partial decoder which discards larger resolution features of shallower layers for acceleration. On the other hand, we observe that integrating features of deeper layers obtain relatively precise saliency map. Therefore we directly utilize generated saliency map to refine the features of backbone network. This strategy efficiently suppresses distractors in the features and significantly improves their representation ability. Experiments conducted on five benchmark datasets exhibit that the proposed model not only achieves state-of-the-art performance but also runs much faster than existing models. Besides, the proposed framework is further applied to improve existing multi-level feature aggregation models and significantly improve their efficiency and accuracy.
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We solve the problem of salient object detection by investigating how to expand the role of pooling in convolutional neural networks. Based on the U-shape architecture, we first build a global guidance module (GGM) upon the bottom-up pathway, aiming at providing layers at different feature levels the location information of potential salient objects. We further design a feature aggregation module (FAM) to make the coarse-level semantic information well fused with the fine-level features from the top-down pathway. By adding FAMs after the fusion operations in the topdown pathway, coarse-level features from the GGM can be seamlessly merged with features at various scales. These two pooling-based modules allow the high-level semantic features to be progressively refined, yielding detail enriched saliency maps. Experiment results show that our proposed approach can more accurately locate the salient objects with sharpened details and hence substantially improve the performance compared to the previous state-of-the-arts. Our approach is fast as well and can run at a speed of more than 30 FPS when processing a 300 × 400 image. Code can be found at http://mmcheng.net/poolnet/.
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尽管当前的显着对象检测(SOD)作品已经取得了重大进展,但在预测的显着区域的完整性方面,它们受到限制。我们在微观和宏观水平上定义了完整性的概念。具体而言,在微观层面上,该模型应突出显示属于某个显着对象的所有部分。同时,在宏观层面上,模型需要在给定图像中发现所有显着对象。为了促进SOD的完整性学习,我们设计了一个新颖的完整性认知网络(ICON),该网络探讨了学习强大完整性特征的三个重要组成部分。 1)与现有模型不同,该模型更多地集中在功能可区分性上,我们引入了各种功能集合(DFA)组件,以汇总具有各种接受场(即内核形状和背景)的特征,并增加了功能多样性。这种多样性是挖掘积分显着物体的基础。 2)基于DFA功能,我们引入了一个完整性通道增强(ICE)组件,其目标是增强功能通道,以突出积分显着对象,同时抑制其他分心的对象。 3)提取增强功能后,采用零件整体验证(PWV)方法来确定零件和整个对象特征是否具有很强的一致性。这样的部分协议可以进一步改善每个显着对象的微观完整性。为了证明我们图标的有效性,对七个具有挑战性的基准进行了全面的实验。我们的图标在广泛的指标方面优于基线方法。值得注意的是,我们的图标在六个数据集上的平均假阴影(FNR)(FNR)方面,相对于以前的最佳模型的相对改善约为10%。代码和结果可在以下网址获得:https://github.com/mczhuge/icon。
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深度学习技术的进步为生物医学图像分析应用产生了巨大的贡献。随着乳腺癌是女性中最致命的疾病,早期检测是提高生存能力的关键手段。如超声波的医学成像呈现出色器官功能的良好视觉表现;然而,对于任何分析这种扫描的放射科学家,这种扫描是挑战和耗时,这延迟了诊断过程。虽然提出了各种深度学习的方法,但是通过乳房超声成像介绍了具有最有效的残余交叉空间关注引导u-Net(RCA-IUnet)模型的最小训练参数,以进一步改善肿瘤分割不同肿瘤尺寸的分割性能。 RCA-IUNET模型跟随U-Net拓扑,剩余初始化深度可分离卷积和混合池(MAX池和光谱池)层。此外,添加了交叉空间注意滤波器以抑制无关的特征并专注于目标结构。建议模型的分割性能在使用标准分割评估指标的两个公共数据集上验证,其中它表现出其他最先进的分段模型。
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Image segmentation is a key topic in image processing and computer vision with applications such as scene understanding, medical image analysis, robotic perception, video surveillance, augmented reality, and image compression, among many others. Various algorithms for image segmentation have been developed in the literature. Recently, due to the success of deep learning models in a wide range of vision applications, there has been a substantial amount of works aimed at developing image segmentation approaches using deep learning models. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive review of the literature at the time of this writing, covering a broad spectrum of pioneering works for semantic and instance-level segmentation, including fully convolutional pixel-labeling networks, encoder-decoder architectures, multi-scale and pyramid based approaches, recurrent networks, visual attention models, and generative models in adversarial settings. We investigate the similarity, strengths and challenges of these deep learning models, examine the most widely used datasets, report performances, and discuss promising future research directions in this area.
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本文通过控制功能级别的RGB图像和深度图之间的消息,介绍了RGB-D显着对象检测的新型深神经网络框架,并探索有关RGB和深度特征的远程语义上下文和几何信息推断出明显的对象。为了实现这一目标,我们通过图神经网络和可变形的卷积制定动态消息传播(DMP)模块,以动态学习上下文信息,并自动预测消息传播控制的过滤权重和亲和力矩阵。我们将该模块进一步嵌入基于暹罗的网络中,分别处理RGB图像和深度图,并设计多级特征融合(MFF)模块,以探索精制的RGB和深度特征之间的跨级信息。与六个基准数据集上用于RGB-D显着对象检测的17种最先进的方法相比,实验结果表明,我们的方法在定量和视觉上都优于其他所有方法。
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Camouflaged object detection (COD) aims to detect/segment camouflaged objects embedded in the environment, which has attracted increasing attention over the past decades. Although several COD methods have been developed, they still suffer from unsatisfactory performance due to the intrinsic similarities between the foreground objects and background surroundings. In this paper, we propose a novel Feature Aggregation and Propagation Network (FAP-Net) for camouflaged object detection. Specifically, we propose a Boundary Guidance Module (BGM) to explicitly model the boundary characteristic, which can provide boundary-enhanced features to boost the COD performance. To capture the scale variations of the camouflaged objects, we propose a Multi-scale Feature Aggregation Module (MFAM) to characterize the multi-scale information from each layer and obtain the aggregated feature representations. Furthermore, we propose a Cross-level Fusion and Propagation Module (CFPM). In the CFPM, the feature fusion part can effectively integrate the features from adjacent layers to exploit the cross-level correlations, and the feature propagation part can transmit valuable context information from the encoder to the decoder network via a gate unit. Finally, we formulate a unified and end-to-end trainable framework where cross-level features can be effectively fused and propagated for capturing rich context information. Extensive experiments on three benchmark camouflaged datasets demonstrate that our FAP-Net outperforms other state-of-the-art COD models. Moreover, our model can be extended to the polyp segmentation task, and the comparison results further validate the effectiveness of the proposed model in segmenting polyps. The source code and results will be released at https://github.com/taozh2017/FAPNet.
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乳腺癌是全球女性死亡的主要原因之一。如果在高级阶段检测到很难治疗,但是,早期发现可以显着增加生存机会,并改善数百万妇女的生活。鉴于乳腺癌的普遍流行,研究界提出早期检测,分类和诊断的框架至关重要。与医生协调的人工智能研究社区正在开发此类框架以自动化检测任务。随着研究活动的激增,加上大型数据集的可用性和增强的计算能力,预计AI框架结果将有助于更多的临床医生做出正确的预测。在本文中,提出了使用乳房X线照片对乳腺癌进行分类的新框架。所提出的框架结合了从新颖的卷积神经网络(CNN)功能中提取的强大特征,以及手工制作的功能,包括猪(定向梯度的直方图)和LBP(本地二进制图案)。在CBIS-DDSM数据集上获得的结果超过了技术状态。
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RGB和深度图像上的突出物体检测(SOD)引起了越来越多的研究兴趣,因为它的有效性和现在可以方便地捕获深度线索的事实。现有的RGB-D SOD模型通常采用不同的融合策略来学习来自两个模态(\即RGB和深度)的共享表示,而几个方法明确考虑如何保留特定模态特征。在这项研究中,我们提出了一种新的框架,被称为SPNET}(特异性保存网络),这通过探索共享信息和模态特定属性(例如,特异性)来利益SOD性能。具体地,我们建议采用两个模态特定的网络和共享学习网络来分别生成个体和共享显着性预测映射。为了有效地融合共享学习网络中的跨模型特征,我们提出了一个交叉增强的集成模块(CIM),然后将融合特征传播到下一个层以集成交叉级信息。此外,为了捕获丰富的互补多模态信息,用于提高SOD性能,我们提出了一个多模态特征聚合(MFA)模块,将每个单独解码器的模态特定功能集成到共享解码器中。通过使用跳过连接,可以完全组合编码器和解码器层之间的分层功能。广泛的实验表明我们的〜\我们的〜优于六种流行的RGB-D SOD和三个伪装对象检测基准测试的前沿方法。该项目可在公开提供:https://github.com/taozh2017/spnet。
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在计算机视觉社区中,从自然场景图像(NSI-SOD)的突出对象检测中取得了巨大进展;相比之下,光学遥感图像(RSI-SOD)中的突出物体检测仍然是一个具有挑战性的新兴主题。光学RSI的独特特性,如尺度,照明和成像方向,在NSI-SOD和RSI-SOD之间带来显着差异。在本文中,我们提出了一种新的多内容互补网络(MCCNet)来探讨RSI-SOD的多个内容的互补性。具体地,MCCNet基于常规编码器解码器架构,并包含一个名为多内容互补模块(MCCM)的新型密钥组件,其桥接编码器和解码器。在MCCM中,我们考虑多种类型的功能对RSI-SOD至关重要的功能,包括前景特征,边缘功能,后台功能和全局图像级别功能,并利用它们之间的内容互补性来突出显示RSI中各种刻度的突出区域通过注意机制的特点。此外,我们全面引入训练阶段的像素级,地图级和公制感知损失。在两个流行的数据集上进行广泛的实验表明,所提出的MCCNet优于23个最先进的方法,包括NSI-SOD和RSI-SOD方法。我们方法的代码和结果可在https://github.com/mathlee/mccnet上获得。
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皮肤镜图像中的皮肤病变检测对于通过计算机化设备对皮肤癌的准确和早期诊断至关重要。当前的皮肤病变细分方法在具有挑战性的环境中表现出较差的性能,例如不明显的病变边界,病变和周围区域之间的对比度低,或导致皮肤病变分割的异质背景。为了准确识别邻近区域的病变,我们提出了基于卷积分解的扩张尺度特征融合网络。我们的网络旨在同时提取不同尺度的功能,这些功能是系统地融合的,以更好地检测。提出的模型具有令人满意的精度和效率。进行病变分割的各种实验以及与最新模型的比较。我们提出的模型始终展示最先进的结果。
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Fully convolutional neural networks (FCNs) have shown their advantages in the salient object detection task. However, most existing FCNs-based methods still suffer from coarse object boundaries. In this paper, to solve this problem, we focus on the complementarity between salient edge information and salient object information. Accordingly, we present an edge guidance network (EGNet) for salient object detection with three steps to simultaneously model these two kinds of complementary information in a single network. In the first step, we extract the salient object features by a progressive fusion way. In the second step, we integrate the local edge information and global location information to obtain the salient edge features. Finally, to sufficiently leverage these complementary features, we couple the same salient edge features with salient object features at various resolutions. Benefiting from the rich edge information and location information in salient edge features, the fused features can help locate salient objects, especially their boundaries more accurately. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method performs favorably against the state-of-the-art methods on six widely used datasets without any pre-processing and post-processing. The source code is available at http: //mmcheng.net/egnet/.
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