皮肤镜图像中的皮肤病变检测对于通过计算机化设备对皮肤癌的准确和早期诊断至关重要。当前的皮肤病变细分方法在具有挑战性的环境中表现出较差的性能，例如不明显的病变边界，病变和周围区域之间的对比度低，或导致皮肤病变分割的异质背景。为了准确识别邻近区域的病变，我们提出了基于卷积分解的扩张尺度特征融合网络。我们的网络旨在同时提取不同尺度的功能，这些功能是系统地融合的，以更好地检测。提出的模型具有令人满意的精度和效率。进行病变分割的各种实验以及与最新模型的比较。我们提出的模型始终展示最先进的结果。

需要连续监测足部溃疡愈合，以确保给定治疗的功效并避免任何恶化。脚下溃疡分割是伤口诊断的重要步骤。我们开发了一种模型，其精神与良好的编码器编码器和残留卷积神经网络相似。我们的模型包括剩余的连接以及在每个卷积块中集成的通道和空间注意力。一种基于贴剂训练，测试时间增加以及对获得预测的多数投票的简单方法，导致了卓越的性能。我们的模型没有利用任何容易获得的骨干架构，在类似的外部数据集或任何转移学习技术上进行预训练。与用于足球溃疡细分任务的可用最新模型相比，网络参数的总数约为500万，这使其成为一个显着的轻巧模型。我们的实验在斑块级和图像级别上呈现了结果。我们的模型应用于Miccai 2021的公开脚步溃疡细分（Fuseg）挑战数据集，就骰子相似性得分而言，最先进的图像级绩效为88.22％，在官方挑战排行榜中排名第二。我们还展示了一个非常简单的解决方案，可以将其与更高级的体系结构进行比较。

Breast cancer is one of the common cancers that endanger the health of women globally. Accurate target lesion segmentation is essential for early clinical intervention and postoperative follow-up. Recently, many convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been proposed to segment breast tumors from ultrasound images. However, the complex ultrasound pattern and the variable tumor shape and size bring challenges to the accurate segmentation of the breast lesion. Motivated by the selective kernel convolution, we introduce an enhanced selective kernel convolution for breast tumor segmentation, which integrates multiple feature map region representations and adaptively recalibrates the weights of these feature map regions from the channel and spatial dimensions. This region recalibration strategy enables the network to focus more on high-contributing region features and mitigate the perturbation of less useful regions. Finally, the enhanced selective kernel convolution is integrated into U-net with deep supervision constraints to adaptively capture the robust representation of breast tumors. Extensive experiments with twelve state-of-the-art deep learning segmentation methods on three public breast ultrasound datasets demonstrate that our method has a more competitive segmentation performance in breast ultrasound images.

Deep Convolutional Neural Networks have been adopted for salient object detection and achieved the state-of-the-art performance. Most of the previous works however focus on region accuracy but not on the boundary quality. In this paper, we propose a predict-refine architecture, BASNet, and a new hybrid loss for Boundary-Aware Salient object detection. Specifically, the architecture is composed of a densely supervised Encoder-Decoder network and a residual refinement module, which are respectively in charge of saliency prediction and saliency map refinement. The hybrid loss guides the network to learn the transformation between the input image and the ground truth in a three-level hierarchy -pixel-, patch-and map-level -by fusing Binary Cross Entropy (BCE), Structural SIMilarity (SSIM) and Intersectionover-Union (IoU) losses. Equipped with the hybrid loss, the proposed predict-refine architecture is able to effectively segment the salient object regions and accurately predict the fine structures with clear boundaries. Experimental results on six public datasets show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods both in terms of regional and boundary evaluation measures. Our method runs at over 25 fps on a single GPU. The code is available at: https://github.com/NathanUA/BASNet.

We solve the problem of salient object detection by investigating how to expand the role of pooling in convolutional neural networks. Based on the U-shape architecture, we first build a global guidance module (GGM) upon the bottom-up pathway, aiming at providing layers at different feature levels the location information of potential salient objects. We further design a feature aggregation module (FAM) to make the coarse-level semantic information well fused with the fine-level features from the top-down pathway. By adding FAMs after the fusion operations in the topdown pathway, coarse-level features from the GGM can be seamlessly merged with features at various scales. These two pooling-based modules allow the high-level semantic features to be progressively refined, yielding detail enriched saliency maps. Experiment results show that our proposed approach can more accurately locate the salient objects with sharpened details and hence substantially improve the performance compared to the previous state-of-the-arts. Our approach is fast as well and can run at a speed of more than 30 FPS when processing a 300 × 400 image. Code can be found at http://mmcheng.net/poolnet/.

Representing features at multiple scales is of great importance for numerous vision tasks. Recent advances in backbone convolutional neural networks (CNNs) continually demonstrate stronger multi-scale representation ability, leading to consistent performance gains on a wide range of applications. However, most existing methods represent the multi-scale features in a layerwise manner. In this paper, we propose a novel building block for CNNs, namely Res2Net, by constructing hierarchical residual-like connections within one single residual block. The Res2Net represents multi-scale features at a granular level and increases the range of receptive fields for each network layer. The proposed Res2Net block can be plugged into the state-of-the-art backbone CNN models, e.g., ResNet, ResNeXt, and DLA. We evaluate the Res2Net block on all these models and demonstrate consistent performance gains over baseline models on widely-used datasets, e.g., CIFAR-100 and ImageNet. Further ablation studies and experimental results on representative computer vision tasks, i.e., object detection, class activation mapping, and salient object detection, further verify the superiority of the Res2Net over the state-of-the-art baseline methods. The source code and trained models are available on https://mmcheng.net/res2net/.

卷积神经网络（CNN）的深度学习体系结构在计算机视野领域取得了杰出的成功。 CNN构建的编码器架构U-Net在生物医学图像分割方面取得了重大突破，并且已在各种实用的情况下应用。但是，编码器部分中每个下采样层和简单堆积的卷积的平等设计不允许U-NET从不同深度提取足够的特征信息。医学图像的复杂性日益增加为现有方法带来了新的挑战。在本文中，我们提出了一个更深层，更紧凑的分裂注意U形网络（DCSAU-NET），该网络有效地利用了基于两个新颖框架的低级和高级语义信息：主要功能保护和紧凑的分裂注意力堵塞。我们评估了CVC-ClinicDB，2018 Data Science Bowl，ISIC-2018和SEGPC-2021数据集的建议模型。结果，DCSAU-NET在联合（MIOU）和F1-SOCRE的平均交点方面显示出比其他最先进的方法（SOTA）方法更好的性能。更重要的是，提出的模型在具有挑战性的图像上表现出了出色的细分性能。我们的工作代码以及更多技术细节，请访问https://github.com/xq141839/dcsau-net。

Transformer-based models have been widely demonstrated to be successful in computer vision tasks by modelling long-range dependencies and capturing global representations. However, they are often dominated by features of large patterns leading to the loss of local details (e.g., boundaries and small objects), which are critical in medical image segmentation. To alleviate this problem, we propose a Dual-Aggregation Transformer Network called DuAT, which is characterized by two innovative designs, namely, the Global-to-Local Spatial Aggregation (GLSA) and Selective Boundary Aggregation (SBA) modules. The GLSA has the ability to aggregate and represent both global and local spatial features, which are beneficial for locating large and small objects, respectively. The SBA module is used to aggregate the boundary characteristic from low-level features and semantic information from high-level features for better preserving boundary details and locating the re-calibration objects. Extensive experiments in six benchmark datasets demonstrate that our proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art methods in the segmentation of skin lesion images, and polyps in colonoscopy images. In addition, our approach is more robust than existing methods in various challenging situations such as small object segmentation and ambiguous object boundaries.

由于不规则的病变界限，病变与背景之间的对比度较差，以及伪影之间的对比度，皮肤病的自动分割是一种具有挑战性的任务。在这项工作中，提出了一种新的卷积神经网络的方法，用于皮肤病变分割。在这项工作中，提出了一种新型多尺度特征提取模块，用于提取更多辨别特征，以处理与复杂的皮肤病变有关的挑战;该模块嵌入在UNET中，替换标准架构中的卷积层。此外，在这项工作中，两个不同的关注机制完善了编码器提取的特征和后ups采样的特征。使用两个公开的数据集进行评估，包括ISBI2017和ISIC2018数据集。该方法报告了ISBI2017数据集中的准确性，召回和JSI，97.5％，94.29％，91.16％，95.92％，95.92％，95.37％，95.37％，91.52％在ISIC2018数据集。它在各个竞争中表现出现有的方法和排名的模型。

Camouflaged object detection (COD) aims to detect/segment camouflaged objects embedded in the environment, which has attracted increasing attention over the past decades. Although several COD methods have been developed, they still suffer from unsatisfactory performance due to the intrinsic similarities between the foreground objects and background surroundings. In this paper, we propose a novel Feature Aggregation and Propagation Network (FAP-Net) for camouflaged object detection. Specifically, we propose a Boundary Guidance Module (BGM) to explicitly model the boundary characteristic, which can provide boundary-enhanced features to boost the COD performance. To capture the scale variations of the camouflaged objects, we propose a Multi-scale Feature Aggregation Module (MFAM) to characterize the multi-scale information from each layer and obtain the aggregated feature representations. Furthermore, we propose a Cross-level Fusion and Propagation Module (CFPM). In the CFPM, the feature fusion part can effectively integrate the features from adjacent layers to exploit the cross-level correlations, and the feature propagation part can transmit valuable context information from the encoder to the decoder network via a gate unit. Finally, we formulate a unified and end-to-end trainable framework where cross-level features can be effectively fused and propagated for capturing rich context information. Extensive experiments on three benchmark camouflaged datasets demonstrate that our FAP-Net outperforms other state-of-the-art COD models. Moreover, our model can be extended to the polyp segmentation task, and the comparison results further validate the effectiveness of the proposed model in segmenting polyps. The source code and results will be released at https://github.com/taozh2017/FAPNet.

Existing state-of-the-art salient object detection networks rely on aggregating multi-level features of pretrained convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Compared to high-level features, low-level features contribute less to performance but cost more computations because of their larger spatial resolutions. In this paper, we propose a novel Cascaded Partial Decoder (CPD) framework for fast and accurate salient object detection. On the one hand, the framework constructs partial decoder which discards larger resolution features of shallower layers for acceleration. On the other hand, we observe that integrating features of deeper layers obtain relatively precise saliency map. Therefore we directly utilize generated saliency map to refine the features of backbone network. This strategy efficiently suppresses distractors in the features and significantly improves their representation ability. Experiments conducted on five benchmark datasets exhibit that the proposed model not only achieves state-of-the-art performance but also runs much faster than existing models. Besides, the proposed framework is further applied to improve existing multi-level feature aggregation models and significantly improve their efficiency and accuracy.

由于不规则的形状，正常和感染组织之间的各种尺寸和无法区分的边界，仍然是一种具有挑战性的任务，可以准确地在CT图像上进行Covid-19的感染病变。在本文中，提出了一种新的分段方案，用于通过增强基于编码器 - 解码器架构的不同级别的监督信息和融合多尺度特征映射来感染Covid-19。为此，提出了深入的协作监督（共同监督）计划，以指导网络学习边缘和语义的特征。更具体地，首先设计边缘监控模块（ESM），以通过将边缘监督信息结合到初始阶段的下采样的初始阶段来突出显示低电平边界特征。同时，提出了一种辅助语义监督模块（ASSM）来加强通过将掩码监督信息集成到稍后阶段来加强高电平语义信息。然后，通过使用注意机制来扩展高级和低电平特征映射之间的语义间隙，开发了一种注意融合模块（AFM）以融合不同级别的多个规模特征图。最后，在四个各种Covid-19 CT数据集上证明了所提出的方案的有效性。结果表明，提出的三个模块都是有希望的。基于基线（RESUNT），单独使用ESM，ASSM或AFM可以分别将骰子度量增加1.12 \％，1.95 \％，1.63 \％，而在我们的数据集中，通过将三个模型结合在一起可以上升3.97 \％ 。与各个数据集的现有方法相比，所提出的方法可以在某些主要指标中获得更好的分段性能，并可实现最佳的泛化和全面的性能。

在当前的突出物体检测网络中，最流行的方法是使用U形结构。然而，大量的参数导致更多的计算和存储资源的消耗，无法在有限的存储器设备上部署在有限的存储器设备上不可行。其他一些浅层网络与U形结构相比不会保持相同的精度，并且具有更多参数的深网络结构不会收敛到全球最小损耗，速度很大。为了克服所有这些缺点，我们提出了一种具有三种贡献的新的深度卷积网络架构：（1）使用较小的卷积神经网络（CNN）在我们改进的凸起物体中压缩模型，包括压缩和强化提取模块（ISFCREM）以减少模型的参数。 （2）在ISFCREM中引入信道注意机制，以称量不同的通道，以提高特征表示的能力。 （3）应用新优化器在培训期间累积长期梯度信息，以便自适应地调整学习率。结果表明，该方法几乎可以将模型压缩到原始尺寸的1/3，而不会在与其他模型相比的六个广泛使用的突出物体检测的六个广泛使用的数据集中更快地播放。我们的代码在https://gitee.com/binzhangbinzhangbin/code-a-novel-tentent-based-network-for-fast-salient-object-detection.git

Fully convolutional neural networks (FCNs) have shown their advantages in the salient object detection task. However, most existing FCNs-based methods still suffer from coarse object boundaries. In this paper, to solve this problem, we focus on the complementarity between salient edge information and salient object information. Accordingly, we present an edge guidance network (EGNet) for salient object detection with three steps to simultaneously model these two kinds of complementary information in a single network. In the first step, we extract the salient object features by a progressive fusion way. In the second step, we integrate the local edge information and global location information to obtain the salient edge features. Finally, to sufficiently leverage these complementary features, we couple the same salient edge features with salient object features at various resolutions. Benefiting from the rich edge information and location information in salient edge features, the fused features can help locate salient objects, especially their boundaries more accurately. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method performs favorably against the state-of-the-art methods on six widely used datasets without any pre-processing and post-processing. The source code is available at http: //mmcheng.net/egnet/.

现有的多尺度解决方案会导致仅增加接受场大小的风险，同时忽略小型接受场。因此，有效构建自适应神经网络以识别各种空间尺度对象是一个具有挑战性的问题。为了解决这个问题，我们首先引入一个新的注意力维度，即除了现有的注意力维度（例如渠道，空间和分支）之外，并提出了一个新颖的选择性深度注意网络，以对称地处理各种视觉中的多尺度对象任务。具体而言，在给定神经网络的每个阶段内的块，即重新连接，输出层次功能映射共享相同的分辨率但具有不同的接收场大小。基于此结构属性，我们设计了一个舞台建筑模块，即SDA，其中包括树干分支和类似SE的注意力分支。躯干分支的块输出融合在一起，以通过注意力分支指导其深度注意力分配。根据提出的注意机制，我们可以动态选择不同的深度特征，这有助于自适应调整可变大小输入对象的接收场大小。这样，跨块信息相互作用会导致沿深度方向的远距离依赖关系。与其他多尺度方法相比，我们的SDA方法结合了从以前的块到舞台输出的多个接受场，从而提供了更广泛，更丰富的有效接收场。此外，我们的方法可以用作其他多尺度网络以及注意力网络的可插入模块，并创造为SDA- $ x $ net。它们的组合进一步扩展了有效的接受场的范围，可以实现可解释的神经网络。我们的源代码可在\ url {https://github.com/qingbeiguo/sda-xnet.git}中获得。

尽管当前的显着对象检测（SOD）作品已经取得了重大进展，但在预测的显着区域的完整性方面，它们受到限制。我们在微观和宏观水平上定义了完整性的概念。具体而言，在微观层面上，该模型应突出显示属于某个显着对象的所有部分。同时，在宏观层面上，模型需要在给定图像中发现所有显着对象。为了促进SOD的完整性学习，我们设计了一个新颖的完整性认知网络（ICON），该网络探讨了学习强大完整性特征的三个重要组成部分。 1）与现有模型不同，该模型更多地集中在功能可区分性上，我们引入了各种功能集合（DFA）组件，以汇总具有各种接受场（即内核形状和背景）的特征，并增加了功能多样性。这种多样性是挖掘积分显着物体的基础。 2）基于DFA功能，我们引入了一个完整性通道增强（ICE）组件，其目标是增强功能通道，以突出积分显着对象，同时抑制其他分心的对象。 3）提取增强功能后，采用零件整体验证（PWV）方法来确定零件和整个对象特征是否具有很强的一致性。这样的部分协议可以进一步改善每个显着对象的微观完整性。为了证明我们图标的有效性，对七个具有挑战性的基准进行了全面的实验。我们的图标在广泛的指标方面优于基线方法。值得注意的是，我们的图标在六个数据集上的平均假阴影（FNR）（FNR）方面，相对于以前的最佳模型的相对改善约为10％。代码和结果可在以下网址获得：https：//github.com/mczhuge/icon。

深度学习已被广​​泛用于医学图像分割，并且录制了录制了该领域深度学习的成功的大量论文。在本文中，我们使用深层学习技术对医学图像分割的全面主题调查。本文进行了两个原创贡献。首先，与传统调查相比，直接将深度学习的文献分成医学图像分割的文学，并为每组详细介绍了文献，我们根据从粗略到精细的多级结构分类目前流行的文献。其次，本文侧重于监督和弱监督的学习方法，而不包括无监督的方法，因为它们在许多旧调查中引入而且他们目前不受欢迎。对于监督学习方法，我们分析了三个方面的文献：骨干网络的选择，网络块的设计，以及损耗功能的改进。对于虚弱的学习方法，我们根据数据增强，转移学习和交互式分割进行调查文献。与现有调查相比，本调查将文献分类为比例不同，更方便读者了解相关理由，并将引导他们基于深度学习方法思考医学图像分割的适当改进。

由于透明玻璃与图像中的任意物体相同，大多数现有物体检测方法产生较差的玻璃检测结果。与众不同的基于深度学习的智慧不同，只需使用对象边界作为辅助监督，我们利用标签解耦将原始标记的地图（GT）映射分解为内部扩散图和边界扩散图。与两个新生成的地图合作的GT映射破坏了物体边界的不平衡分布，导致玻璃检测质量改善。我们有三个关键贡献来解决透明的玻璃探测问题：（1）我们提出了一个三流神经网络（短暂的呼叫GlassNet），完全吸收三张地图中的有益功能。 （2）我们设计多尺度交互扩张模块，以探索更广泛的上下文信息。 （3）我们开发了一个基于关注的边界意识的功能拼接模块，用于集成多模态信息。基准数据集的广泛实验表明，在整体玻璃检测精度和边界清晰度方面，在SOTA方面对我们的方法进行了明确的改进。

随着深度学习方法的进步，如深度卷积神经网络，残余神经网络，对抗网络的进步。 U-Net架构最广泛利用生物医学图像分割，以解决目标区域或子区域的识别和检测的自动化。在最近的研究中，基于U-Net的方法在不同应用中显示了最先进的性能，以便在脑肿瘤，肺癌，阿尔茨海默，乳腺癌等疾病的早期诊断和治疗中发育计算机辅助诊断系统等，使用各种方式。本文通过描述U-Net框架来提出这些方法的成功，然后通过执行1）型号的U-Net变体进行综合分析，2）模特内分类，建立更好的见解相关的挑战和解决方案。此外，本文还强调了基于U-Net框架在持续的大流行病，严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-COV-2）中的贡献也称为Covid-19。最后，分析了这些U-Net变体的优点和相似性以及生物医学图像分割所涉及的挑战，以发现该领域的未来未来的研究方向。

人行道表面数据的获取和评估在路面条件评估中起着至关重要的作用。在本文中，提出了一个称为RHA-NET的自动路面裂纹分割的有效端到端网络，以提高路面裂纹分割精度。 RHA-NET是通过将残留块（重阻）和混合注意块集成到编码器架构结构中来构建的。这些重组用于提高RHA-NET提取高级抽象特征的能力。混合注意块旨在融合低级功能和高级功能，以帮助模型专注于正确的频道和裂纹区域，从而提高RHA-NET的功能表现能力。构建并用于训练和评估所提出的模型的图像数据集，其中包含由自设计的移动机器人收集的789个路面裂纹图像。与其他最先进的网络相比，所提出的模型在全面的消融研究中验证了添加残留块和混合注意机制的功能。此外，通过引入深度可分离卷积生成的模型的轻加权版本可以更好地实现性能和更快的处理速度，而U-NET参数数量的1/30。开发的系统可以在嵌入式设备Jetson TX2（25 fps）上实时划分路面裂纹。实时实验拍摄的视频将在https://youtu.be/3xiogk0fig4上发布。