基于视觉的机器人组装是一项至关重要但具有挑战性的任务,因为与多个对象的相互作用需要高水平的精度。在本文中,我们提出了一个集成的6D机器人系统,以感知,掌握,操纵和组装宽度,以紧密的公差。为了提供仅在现成的RGB解决方案的情况下,我们的系统建立在单眼6D对象姿势估计网络上,该估计网络仅使用合成图像训练,该图像利用了基于物理的渲染。随后,提出了姿势引导的6D转换以及无碰撞组装来构建具有任意初始姿势的任何设计结构。我们的新型3轴校准操作通过解开6D姿势估计和机器人组件进一步提高了精度和鲁棒性。定量和定性结果都证明了我们提出的6D机器人组装系统的有效性。
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在本文中,我们介绍了DA $^2 $,这是第一个大型双臂灵敏性吸引数据集,用于生成最佳的双人握把对,用于任意大型对象。该数据集包含大约900万的平行jaw grasps,由6000多个对象生成,每个对象都有各种抓紧敏度度量。此外,我们提出了一个端到端的双臂掌握评估模型,该模型在该数据集的渲染场景上训练。我们利用评估模型作为基准,通过在线分析和真实的机器人实验来显示这一新颖和非平凡数据集的价值。所有数据和相关的代码将在https://sites.google.com/view/da2dataset上开源。
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The accurate detection and grasping of transparent objects are challenging but of significance to robots. Here, a visual-tactile fusion framework for transparent object grasping under complex backgrounds and variant light conditions is proposed, including the grasping position detection, tactile calibration, and visual-tactile fusion based classification. First, a multi-scene synthetic grasping dataset generation method with a Gaussian distribution based data annotation is proposed. Besides, a novel grasping network named TGCNN is proposed for grasping position detection, showing good results in both synthetic and real scenes. In tactile calibration, inspired by human grasping, a fully convolutional network based tactile feature extraction method and a central location based adaptive grasping strategy are designed, improving the success rate by 36.7% compared to direct grasping. Furthermore, a visual-tactile fusion method is proposed for transparent objects classification, which improves the classification accuracy by 34%. The proposed framework synergizes the advantages of vision and touch, and greatly improves the grasping efficiency of transparent objects.
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在这项工作中,我们通过利用3D Suite Blender生产具有6D姿势的合成RGBD图像数据集来提出数据生成管道。提出的管道可以有效地生成大量的照片现实的RGBD图像,以了解感兴趣的对象。此外,引入了域随机化技术的集合来弥合真实数据和合成数据之间的差距。此外,我们通过整合对象检测器Yolo-V4微型和6D姿势估计算法PVN3D来开发实时的两阶段6D姿势估计方法,用于时间敏感的机器人应用。借助提出的数据生成管道,我们的姿势估计方法可以仅使用没有任何预训练模型的合成数据从头开始训练。在LineMod数据集评估时,与最先进的方法相比,所得网络显示出竞争性能。我们还证明了在机器人实验中提出的方法,在不同的照明条件下从混乱的背景中抓住家用物体。
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成功掌握对象的能力在机器人中是至关重要的,因为它可以实现多个交互式下游应用程序。为此,大多数方法要么计算兴趣对象的完整6D姿势,要么学习预测一组掌握点。虽然前一种方法对多个对象实例或类没有很好地扩展,但后者需要大的注释数据集,并且受到新几何形状的普遍性能力差的阻碍。为了克服这些缺点,我们建议教授一个机器人如何用简单而简短的人类示范掌握一个物体。因此,我们的方法既不需要许多注释图像,也不限于特定的几何形状。我们首先介绍了一个小型RGB-D图像,显示人对象交互。然后利用该序列来构建表示所描绘的交互的相关手和对象网格。随后,我们完成重建对象形状的缺失部分,并估计了场景中的重建和可见对象之间的相对变换。最后,我们从物体和人手之间的相对姿势转移a-prioriz知识,随着当前对象在场景中的估计到机器人的必要抓握指令。与丰田的人类支持机器人(HSR)在真实和合成环境中的详尽评估证明了我们所提出的方法的适用性及其优势与以前的方法相比。
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As the basis for prehensile manipulation, it is vital to enable robots to grasp as robustly as humans. In daily manipulation, our grasping system is prompt, accurate, flexible and continuous across spatial and temporal domains. Few existing methods cover all these properties for robot grasping. In this paper, we propose a new methodology for grasp perception to enable robots these abilities. Specifically, we develop a dense supervision strategy with real perception and analytic labels in the spatial-temporal domain. Additional awareness of objects' center-of-mass is incorporated into the learning process to help improve grasping stability. Utilization of grasp correspondence across observations enables dynamic grasp tracking. Our model, AnyGrasp, can generate accurate, full-DoF, dense and temporally-smooth grasp poses efficiently, and works robustly against large depth sensing noise. Embedded with AnyGrasp, we achieve a 93.3% success rate when clearing bins with over 300 unseen objects, which is comparable with human subjects under controlled conditions. Over 900 MPPH is reported on a single-arm system. For dynamic grasping, we demonstrate catching swimming robot fish in the water.
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我们介绍了一个机器人组装系统,该系统简化了从产品组件的CAD模型到完整编程和自适应组装过程的设计对制造工作流程。我们的系统(在CAD工具中)捕获了特定机器人工作电脑组装过程的意图,并生成了任务级指令的配方。通过将视觉传感与深度学习的感知模型相结合,机器人推断出从生成的配方中组装设计的必要动作。感知模型是直接从模拟训练的,从而使系统可以根据CAD信息识别各个部分。我们用两个机器人的工作栏演示了系统,以组装互锁的3D零件设计。我们首先在模拟中构建和调整组装过程,并验证生成的食谱。最后,真正的机器人工作电池使用相同的行为组装了设计。
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We introduce MegaPose, a method to estimate the 6D pose of novel objects, that is, objects unseen during training. At inference time, the method only assumes knowledge of (i) a region of interest displaying the object in the image and (ii) a CAD model of the observed object. The contributions of this work are threefold. First, we present a 6D pose refiner based on a render&compare strategy which can be applied to novel objects. The shape and coordinate system of the novel object are provided as inputs to the network by rendering multiple synthetic views of the object's CAD model. Second, we introduce a novel approach for coarse pose estimation which leverages a network trained to classify whether the pose error between a synthetic rendering and an observed image of the same object can be corrected by the refiner. Third, we introduce a large-scale synthetic dataset of photorealistic images of thousands of objects with diverse visual and shape properties and show that this diversity is crucial to obtain good generalization performance on novel objects. We train our approach on this large synthetic dataset and apply it without retraining to hundreds of novel objects in real images from several pose estimation benchmarks. Our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on the ModelNet and YCB-Video datasets. An extensive evaluation on the 7 core datasets of the BOP challenge demonstrates that our approach achieves performance competitive with existing approaches that require access to the target objects during training. Code, dataset and trained models are available on the project page: https://megapose6d.github.io/.
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We present a new dataset for 6-DoF pose estimation of known objects, with a focus on robotic manipulation research. We propose a set of toy grocery objects, whose physical instantiations are readily available for purchase and are appropriately sized for robotic grasping and manipulation. We provide 3D scanned textured models of these objects, suitable for generating synthetic training data, as well as RGBD images of the objects in challenging, cluttered scenes exhibiting partial occlusion, extreme lighting variations, multiple instances per image, and a large variety of poses. Using semi-automated RGBD-to-model texture correspondences, the images are annotated with ground truth poses accurate within a few millimeters. We also propose a new pose evaluation metric called ADD-H based on the Hungarian assignment algorithm that is robust to symmetries in object geometry without requiring their explicit enumeration. We share pre-trained pose estimators for all the toy grocery objects, along with their baseline performance on both validation and test sets. We offer this dataset to the community to help connect the efforts of computer vision researchers with the needs of roboticists.
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掌握姿势估计是机器人与现实世界互动的重要问题。但是,大多数现有方法需要事先可用的精确3D对象模型或大量的培训注释。为了避免这些问题,我们提出了transrasp,一种类别级别的rasp姿势估计方法,该方法通过仅标记一个对象实例来预测一类对象的掌握姿势。具体而言,我们根据其形状对应关系进行掌握姿势转移,并提出一个掌握姿势细化模块,以进一步微调抓地力姿势,以确保成功的掌握。实验证明了我们方法对通过转移的抓握姿势实现高质量抓地力的有效性。我们的代码可在https://github.com/yanjh97/transgrasp上找到。
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对于机器人来说,拾取透明的对象仍然是一项具有挑战性的任务。透明对象(例如反射和折射)的视觉属性使依赖相机传感的当前抓握方法无法检测和本地化。但是,人类可以通过首先观察其粗剖面,然后戳其感兴趣的区域以获得良好的抓握轮廓来很好地处理透明的物体。受到这一点的启发,我们提出了一个新颖的视觉引导触觉框架,以抓住透明的物体。在拟议的框架中,首先使用分割网络来预测称为戳戳区域的水平上部区域,在该区域中,机器人可以在该区域戳入对象以获得良好的触觉读数,同时导致对物体状态的最小干扰。然后,使用高分辨率胶触觉传感器进行戳戳。鉴于触觉阅读有所改善的当地概况,计划掌握透明物体的启发式掌握。为了减轻对透明对象的现实世界数据收集和标记的局限性,构建了一个大规模逼真的合成数据集。广泛的实验表明,我们提出的分割网络可以预测潜在的戳戳区域,平均平均精度(地图)为0.360,而视觉引导的触觉戳戳可以显着提高抓地力成功率,从38.9%到85.2%。由于其简单性,我们提出的方法也可以被其他力量或触觉传感器采用,并可以用于掌握其他具有挑战性的物体。本文中使用的所有材料均可在https://sites.google.com/view/tactilepoking上获得。
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实时机器人掌握,支持随后的精确反对操作任务,是高级高级自治系统的优先目标。然而,尚未找到这样一种可以用时间效率进行充分准确的掌握的算法。本文提出了一种新的方法,其具有2阶段方法,它使用深神经网络结合快速的2D对象识别,以及基于点对特征框架的随后的精确和快速的6D姿态估计来形成实时3D对象识别和抓握解决方案能够多对象类场景。所提出的解决方案有可能在实时应用上稳健地进行,需要效率和准确性。为了验证我们的方法,我们进行了广泛且彻底的实验,涉及我们自己的数据集的费力准备。实验结果表明,该方法在5CM5DEG度量标准中的精度97.37%,平均距离度量分数99.37%。实验结果显示了通过使用该方法的总体62%的相对改善(5cm5deg度量)和52.48%(平均距离度量)。此外,姿势估计执行也显示出运行时间的平均改善47.6%。最后,为了说明系统在实时操作中的整体效率,进行了一个拾取和放置的机器人实验,并显示了90%的准确度的令人信服的成功率。此实验视频可在https://sites.google.com/view/dl-ppf6dpose/上获得。
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6多机器人抓钩是一个持久但未解决的问题。最近的方法利用强3D网络从深度传感器中提取几何抓握表示形式,表明对公共物体的准确性卓越,但对光度化挑战性物体(例如,透明或反射材料中的物体)进行不满意。瓶颈在于这些物体的表面由于光吸收或折射而无法反射准确的深度。在本文中,与利用不准确的深度数据相反,我们提出了第一个称为MonograspNet的只有RGB的6-DOF握把管道,该管道使用稳定的2D特征同时处理任意对象抓握,并克服由光学上具有挑战性挑战的对象引起的问题。 MonograspNet利用关键点热图和正常地图来恢复由我们的新型表示形式表示的6-DOF抓握姿势,该表示的2D键盘具有相应的深度,握把方向,抓握宽度和角度。在真实场景中进行的广泛实验表明,我们的方法可以通过在抓住光学方面挑战的对象方面抓住大量对象并超过基于深度的竞争者的竞争成果。为了进一步刺激机器人的操纵研究,我们还注释并开源一个多视图和多场景现实世界抓地数据集,其中包含120个具有20m精确握把标签的混合光度复杂性对象。
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Estimating 6D poses of objects from images is an important problem in various applications such as robot manipulation and virtual reality. While direct regression of images to object poses has limited accuracy, matching rendered images of an object against the input image can produce accurate results. In this work, we propose a novel deep neural network for 6D pose matching named DeepIM. Given an initial pose estimation, our network is able to iteratively refine the pose by matching the rendered image against the observed image. The network is trained to predict a relative pose transformation using a disentangled representation of 3D location and 3D orientation and an iterative training process. Experiments on two commonly used benchmarks for 6D pose estimation demonstrate that DeepIM achieves large improvements over stateof-the-art methods. We furthermore show that DeepIM is able to match previously unseen objects.
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透明的物体在我们的日常生活中很常见,并且经常在自动生产线中处理。对这些物体的强大基于视力的机器人抓握和操纵将对自动化有益。但是,在这种情况下,大多数当前的握把算法都会失败,因为它们严重依赖于深度图像,而普通的深度传感器通常无法产生准确的深度信息,因为由于光的反射和折射,它们都会用于透明对象。在这项工作中,我们通过为透明对象深度完成的大规模现实世界数据集提供了解决此问题,该数据集包含来自130个不同场景的57,715个RGB-D图像。我们的数据集是第一个大规模的,现实世界中的数据集,可提供地面真相深度,表面正常,透明的面具,以各种各样的场景和混乱。跨域实验表明,我们的数据集更具通用性,可以为模型提供更好的概括能力。此外,我们提出了一个端到端深度完成网络,该网络将RGB图像和不准确的深度图作为输入,并输出精制的深度图。实验证明了我们方法的效率,效率和鲁棒性优于以前的工作,并且能够处理有限的硬件资源下的高分辨率图像。真正的机器人实验表明,我们的方法也可以应用于新颖的透明物体牢固地抓住。完整的数据集和我们的方法可在www.graspnet.net/transcg上公开获得
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Bridging the 'reality gap' that separates simulated robotics from experiments on hardware could accelerate robotic research through improved data availability. This paper explores domain randomization, a simple technique for training models on simulated images that transfer to real images by randomizing rendering in the simulator. With enough variability in the simulator, the real world may appear to the model as just another variation. We focus on the task of object localization, which is a stepping stone to general robotic manipulation skills. We find that it is possible to train a real-world object detector that is accurate to 1.5 cm and robust to distractors and partial occlusions using only data from a simulator with non-realistic random textures. To demonstrate the capabilities of our detectors, we show they can be used to perform grasping in a cluttered environment. To our knowledge, this is the first successful transfer of a deep neural network trained only on simulated RGB images (without pre-training on real images) to the real world for the purpose of robotic control.
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视觉感知任务通常需要大量的标记数据,包括3D姿势和图像空间分割掩码。创建此类培训数据集的过程可能很难或耗时,可以扩展到一般使用的功效。考虑对刚性对象的姿势估计的任务。在大型公共数据集中接受培训时,基于神经网络的深层方法表现出良好的性能。但是,将这些网络调整为其他新颖对象,或针对不同环境的现有模型进行微调,需要大量的时间投资才能产生新标记的实例。为此,我们提出了ProgressLabeller作为一种方法,以更有效地以可扩展的方式从彩色图像序列中生成大量的6D姿势训练数据。 ProgressLabeller还旨在支持透明或半透明的对象,以深度密集重建的先前方法将失败。我们通过快速创建一个超过1M样品的数据集来证明ProgressLabeller的有效性,我们将其微调一个最先进的姿势估计网络,以显着提高下游机器人的抓地力。 ProgressLabeller是https://github.com/huijiezh/progresslabeller的开放源代码。
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Generating grasp poses is a crucial component for any robot object manipulation task. In this work, we formulate the problem of grasp generation as sampling a set of grasps using a variational autoencoder and assess and refine the sampled grasps using a grasp evaluator model. Both Grasp Sampler and Grasp Refinement networks take 3D point clouds observed by a depth camera as input. We evaluate our approach in simulation and real-world robot experiments. Our approach achieves 88% success rate on various commonly used objects with diverse appearances, scales, and weights. Our model is trained purely in simulation and works in the real world without any extra steps. The video of our experiments can be found here.
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我们提出了GRASP提案网络(GP-NET),这是一种卷积神经网络模型,可以为移动操纵器生成6-DOF GRASP。为了训练GP-NET,我们合成生成一个包含深度图像和地面真相掌握信息的数据集,以供超过1400个对象。在现实世界实验中,我们使用egad!掌握基准测试,以评估两种常用算法的GP-NET,即体积抓地力网络(VGN)和在PAL TIAGO移动操纵器上进行的GRASP抓取网络(VGN)和GRASP姿势检测包(GPD)。GP-NET的掌握率为82.2%,而VGN为57.8%,GPD的成功率为63.3%。与机器人握把中最新的方法相反,GP-NET可以在不限制工作空间的情况下使用移动操纵器抓住对象,用于抓住对象,需要桌子进行分割或需要高端GPU。为了鼓励使用GP-NET,我们在https://aucoroboticsmu.github.io/gp-net/上提供ROS包以及我们的代码和预培训模型。
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在密集的混乱中抓住是自动机器人的一项基本技能。但是,在混乱的情况下,拥挤性和遮挡造成了很大的困难,无法在没有碰撞的情况下产生有效的掌握姿势,这会导致低效率和高失败率。为了解决这些问题,我们提出了一个名为GE-GRASP的通用框架,用于在密集的混乱中用于机器人运动计划,在此,我们利用各种动作原始素来遮挡对象去除,并呈现发电机 - 评估器架构以避免空间碰撞。因此,我们的ge-grasp能够有效地抓住密集的杂物中的物体,并有希望的成功率。具体而言,我们定义了三个动作基础:面向目标的抓握,用于捕获,推动和非目标的抓握,以减少拥挤和遮挡。发电机有效地提供了参考空间信息的各种动作候选者。同时,评估人员评估了所选行动原始候选者,其中最佳动作由机器人实施。在模拟和现实世界中进行的广泛实验表明,我们的方法在运动效率和成功率方面优于杂乱无章的最新方法。此外,我们在现实世界中实现了可比的性能,因为在模拟环境中,这表明我们的GE-Grasp具有强大的概括能力。补充材料可在以下网址获得:https://github.com/captainwudaokou/ge-grasp。
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