旨在使用非常有限的样本识别看不见的类的几个射击分类吸引了越来越多的关注。通常，它被称为公制学习问题。几乎没有射击分类的核心问题是如何学习（1）支持和查询集中图像的一致表示以及（2）在支持和查询集之间的图像的有效度量学习。在本文中，我们表明，这两个挑战可以通过统一的查询支持变压器（QSFormer）模型同时建模。具体而言，提出的QSFormer涉及全局查询支持样品变压器（SampleFormer）分支和局部补丁变压器（PatchFormer）学习分支。 SampleFormer旨在捕获样品在支持和查询集以进行图像表示方面的依赖性。它采用编码器，解码器和交叉注意力，分别对几个射击分类任务的支持，查询（图像）表示和度量学习进行建模。同样，作为全球学习分支的补充，我们采用了局部贴片变压器，通过捕获本地图像贴片的长距离依赖性来提取每个图像样本的结构表示。此外，还提出了一种新型的跨尺度交互式提取器（CIFE）来提取和融合多尺度CNN特征，作为建议的少量学习方法的有效骨干模块。所有模块都集成到统一的框架中，并以端到端的方式进行了训练。在四个流行数据集上进行的广泛实验证明了所提出的QSFormer的有效性和优势。

在线公众舆论通常会迅速而广泛地传播，因此，在很短的时间内，一个小型事件可能会变成巨大的社会危机，并导致信贷或经济方面造成严重的损失。我们提出了一种基于多层索引系统的在线公众舆论危机的方法，以客观地评估事件的影响。首先，从信息生态学的角度来解释在线公众舆论的传播机制。根据该机制，通过相关分析和主成分分析选择了一些评估指数。然后，通过深度学习来创建文本情感的分类模型，以实现索引系统中情感索引的准确量化。最后，基于多层次评估指数系统和灰色相关性分析，我们提出了一种评估在线舆论危机的方法。实时事件的实验表明，这种方法可以客观地评估互联网用户的情感趋势，并在在线公众舆论的不同传播阶段评估危机。意识到在线公众舆论的危机警告并及时阻止危机的进一步传播是有帮助的。

分层分类旨在将对象对类别的层次进行。例如，可以根据订单，家庭和物种的三级层次分类来分类鸟类。现有方法通过将其解耦为几个多级分类任务来常见地解决分层分类。但是，这种多任务学习策略未能充分利用不同层次结构的各种类别之间的相关性。在本文中，我们提出了基于深度学习的统一概率框架的标签层次转换，以解决层次分类。具体地，我们明确地学习标签层次转换矩阵，其列向量表示两个相邻层次结构之间的类的条件标签分布，并且可以能够编码嵌入类层次结构中的相关性。我们进一步提出了混淆损失，这鼓励分类网络在训练期间学习不同标签层次结构的相关性。所提出的框架可以适用于任何现有的深网络，只有轻微的修改。我们尝试具有各种层次结构的三个公共基准数据集，结果证明了我们的方法超出现有技术的优势。源代码将公开可用。

RGB-D图像上的突出对象检测（SOD）是计算机视觉中的主动问题。 RGB-D SOD问题的主要挑战是1）提取RGB的准确特征和杂物背景或图像质量差的深度图像数据，2）探索RGB和深度图像数据之间的互补信息。为了解决这些挑战，我们提出了一种用于RGB-D SOD的新型互变融合网络（MTFNET）。 MTFNET包含两个主要模块，$ i. $，焦点特征提取器（FFE）和相互变压器融合（MTF）。 FFE旨在通过引入新的像素级焦点正则化来引导CNN特征提取器来提取RGB和深度图像的更准确的CNN特征。 MTF旨在深入利用RGB与粗略和精细尺度之间的多模态交互。 MTF的主要好处是它同时对模态和模态的学习进行了学习，因此可以更直接且充分地实现不同方式的通信。六个公共基准的综合实验结果展示了我们提出的MTFNET的优越性。

Weakly-supervised object localization aims to indicate the category as well as the scope of an object in an image given only the image-level labels. Most of the existing works are based on Class Activation Mapping (CAM) and endeavor to enlarge the discriminative area inside the activation map to perceive the whole object, yet ignore the co-occurrence confounder of the object and context (e.g., fish and water), which makes the model inspection hard to distinguish object boundaries. Besides, the use of CAM also brings a dilemma problem that the classification and localization always suffer from a performance gap and can not reach their highest accuracy simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a casual knowledge distillation method, dubbed KD-CI-CAM, to address these two under-explored issues in one go. More specifically, we tackle the co-occurrence context confounder problem via causal intervention (CI), which explores the causalities among image features, contexts, and categories to eliminate the biased object-context entanglement in the class activation maps. Based on the de-biased object feature, we additionally propose a multi-teacher causal distillation framework to balance the absorption of classification knowledge and localization knowledge during model training. Extensive experiments on several benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of KD-CI-CAM in learning clear object boundaries from confounding contexts and addressing the dilemma problem between classification and localization performance.

An increasing number of public datasets have shown a marked clinical impact on assessing anatomical structures. However, each of the datasets is small, partially labeled, and rarely investigates severe tumor subjects. Moreover, current models are limited to segmenting specific organs/tumors, which can not be extended to novel domains and classes. To tackle these limitations, we introduce embedding learned from Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) to segmentation models, dubbed the CLIP-Driven Universal Model. The Universal Model can better segment 25 organs and 6 types of tumors by exploiting the semantic relationship between abdominal structures. The model is developed from an assembly of 14 datasets with 3,410 CT scans and evaluated on 6,162 external CT scans from 3 datasets. We rank first on the public leaderboard of the Medical Segmentation Decathlon (MSD) and achieve the state-of-the-art results on Beyond The Cranial Vault (BTCV). Compared with dataset-specific models, the Universal Model is computationally more efficient (6x faster), generalizes better to CT scans from varying sites, and shows stronger transfer learning performance on novel tasks. The design of CLIP embedding enables the Universal Model to be easily extended to new classes without catastrophically forgetting the previously learned classes.

In this work, we tackle two vital tasks in automated driving systems, i.e., driver intent prediction and risk object identification from egocentric images. Mainly, we investigate the question: what would be good road scene-level representations for these two tasks? We contend that a scene-level representation must capture higher-level semantic and geometric representations of traffic scenes around ego-vehicle while performing actions to their destinations. To this end, we introduce the representation of semantic regions, which are areas where ego-vehicles visit while taking an afforded action (e.g., left-turn at 4-way intersections). We propose to learn scene-level representations via a novel semantic region prediction task and an automatic semantic region labeling algorithm. Extensive evaluations are conducted on the HDD and nuScenes datasets, and the learned representations lead to state-of-the-art performance for driver intention prediction and risk object identification.

New architecture GPUs like A100 are now equipped with multi-instance GPU (MIG) technology, which allows the GPU to be partitioned into multiple small, isolated instances. This technology provides more flexibility for users to support both deep learning training and inference workloads, but efficiently utilizing it can still be challenging. The vision of this paper is to provide a more comprehensive and practical benchmark study for MIG in order to eliminate the need for tedious manual benchmarking and tuning efforts. To achieve this vision, the paper presents MIGPerf, an open-source tool that streamlines the benchmark study for MIG. Using MIGPerf, the authors conduct a series of experiments, including deep learning training and inference characterization on MIG, GPU sharing characterization, and framework compatibility with MIG. The results of these experiments provide new insights and guidance for users to effectively employ MIG, and lay the foundation for further research on the orchestration of hybrid training and inference workloads on MIGs. The code and results are released on https://github.com/MLSysOps/MIGProfiler. This work is still in progress and more results will be published soon.

There are multiple scales of abstraction from which we can describe the same image, depending on whether we are focusing on fine-grained details or a more global attribute of the image. In brain mapping, learning to automatically parse images to build representations of both small-scale features (e.g., the presence of cells or blood vessels) and global properties of an image (e.g., which brain region the image comes from) is a crucial and open challenge. However, most existing datasets and benchmarks for neuroanatomy consider only a single downstream task at a time. To bridge this gap, we introduce a new dataset, annotations, and multiple downstream tasks that provide diverse ways to readout information about brain structure and architecture from the same image. Our multi-task neuroimaging benchmark (MTNeuro) is built on volumetric, micrometer-resolution X-ray microtomography images spanning a large thalamocortical section of mouse brain, encompassing multiple cortical and subcortical regions. We generated a number of different prediction challenges and evaluated several supervised and self-supervised models for brain-region prediction and pixel-level semantic segmentation of microstructures. Our experiments not only highlight the rich heterogeneity of this dataset, but also provide insights into how self-supervised approaches can be used to learn representations that capture multiple attributes of a single image and perform well on a variety of downstream tasks. Datasets, code, and pre-trained baseline models are provided at: https://mtneuro.github.io/ .

Designing better deep networks and better reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms are both important for deep RL. This work focuses on the former. Previous methods build the network with several modules like CNN, LSTM and Attention. Recent methods combine the Transformer with these modules for better performance. However, it requires tedious optimization skills to train a network composed of mixed modules, making these methods inconvenient to be used in practice. In this paper, we propose to design \emph{pure Transformer-based networks} for deep RL, aiming at providing off-the-shelf backbones for both the online and offline settings. Specifically, the Transformer in Transformer (TIT) backbone is proposed, which cascades two Transformers in a very natural way: the inner one is used to process a single observation, while the outer one is responsible for processing the observation history; combining both is expected to extract spatial-temporal representations for good decision-making. Experiments show that TIT can achieve satisfactory performance in different settings, consistently.