The Shapley value (SV) is adopted in various scenarios in machine learning (ML), including data valuation, agent valuation, and feature attribution, as it satisfies their fairness requirements. However, as exact SVs are infeasible to compute in practice, SV estimates are approximated instead. This approximation step raises an important question: do the SV estimates preserve the fairness guarantees of exact SVs? We observe that the fairness guarantees of exact SVs are too restrictive for SV estimates. Thus, we generalise Shapley fairness to probably approximate Shapley fairness and propose fidelity score, a metric to measure the variation of SV estimates, that determines how probable the fairness guarantees hold. Our last theoretical contribution is a novel greedy active estimation (GAE) algorithm that will maximise the lowest fidelity score and achieve a better fairness guarantee than the de facto Monte-Carlo estimation. We empirically verify GAE outperforms several existing methods in guaranteeing fairness while remaining competitive in estimation accuracy in various ML scenarios using real-world datasets.
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Privacy in AI remains a topic that draws attention from researchers and the general public in recent years. As one way to implement privacy-preserving AI, differentially private learning is a framework that enables AI models to use differential privacy (DP). To achieve DP in the learning process, existing algorithms typically limit the magnitude of gradients with a constant clipping, which requires carefully tuned due to its significant impact on model performance. As a solution to this issue, latest works NSGD and Auto-S innovatively propose to use normalization instead of clipping to avoid hyperparameter tuning. However, normalization-based approaches like NSGD and Auto-S rely on a monotonic weight function, which imposes excessive weight on small gradient samples and introduces extra deviation to the update. In this paper, we propose a Differentially Private Per-Sample Adaptive Clipping (DP-PSAC) algorithm based on a non-monotonic adaptive weight function, which guarantees privacy without the typical hyperparameter tuning process of using a constant clipping while significantly reducing the deviation between the update and true batch-averaged gradient. We provide a rigorous theoretical convergence analysis and show that with convergence rate at the same order, the proposed algorithm achieves a lower non-vanishing bound, which is maintained over training iterations, compared with NSGD/Auto-S. In addition, through extensive experimental evaluation, we show that DP-PSAC outperforms or matches the state-of-the-art methods on multiple main-stream vision and language tasks.
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In recent years, aerial swarm technology has developed rapidly. In order to accomplish a fully autonomous aerial swarm, a key technology is decentralized and distributed collaborative SLAM (CSLAM) for aerial swarms, which estimates the relative pose and the consistent global trajectories. In this paper, we propose $D^2$SLAM: a decentralized and distributed ($D^2$) collaborative SLAM algorithm. This algorithm has high local accuracy and global consistency, and the distributed architecture allows it to scale up. $D^2$SLAM covers swarm state estimation in two scenarios: near-field state estimation for high real-time accuracy at close range and far-field state estimation for globally consistent trajectories estimation at the long-range between UAVs. Distributed optimization algorithms are adopted as the backend to achieve the $D^2$ goal. $D^2$SLAM is robust to transient loss of communication, network delays, and other factors. Thanks to the flexible architecture, $D^2$SLAM has the potential of applying in various scenarios.
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许多数据分析任务在很大程度上依赖对表的深入了解(多维数据)。在整个任务中,都存在表字段 /列的共同使用的元数据属性。在本文中,我们确定了四个这样的分析元数据:测量/维度二分法,公共场作用,语义场类型和默认聚集函数。尽管这些元数据面临不足的监督信号的挑战,利用现有的知识和理解分布。为了将这些元数据推理为原始表,我们提出了多任务元数据模型,该模型将现场分布和知识图信息融合到预训练的表格模型中。对于模型培训和评估,我们通过使用下游任务的各种智能监督来收集分析元数据的大型语料库(来自私人电子表格和公共表格数据集的〜582K表)。我们的最佳模型的精度= 98%,命中率在TOP-1> 67%,精度> 80%和四个分析元数据推理任务的精度= 88%。它的表现优于基于规则,传统机器学习方法和预训练的表格模型的一系列基线。分析元数据模型被部署在流行的数据分析产品中,帮助下游智能功能,例如Insights挖掘,图表 /枢轴表建议和自然语言QA ...
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在过去的几年中,基于卷积的神经网络(CNN)的人群计数方法已取得了有希望的结果。但是,对于准确的计数估计,量表变化问题仍然是一个巨大的挑战。在本文中,我们提出了一个多尺度特征聚合网络(MSFANET),可以在某种程度上减轻此问题。具体而言,我们的方法由两个特征聚合模块组成:短聚合(Shortagg)和Skip Contregation(Skipagg)。 Shortagg模块聚集了相邻卷积块的特征。其目的是制作具有从网络底部逐渐融合的不同接收场的功能。 Skipagg模块将具有小型接受场的特征直接传播到具有更大接收场的特征。它的目的是促进特征与大小接收场的融合。尤其是,Skipagg模块引入了Swin Transformer块中的本地自我注意力特征,以结合丰富的空间信息。此外,我们通过考虑不均匀的人群分布来提出基于局部和全球的计数损失。在四个具有挑战性的数据集(Shanghaitech数据集,UCF_CC_50数据集,UCF-QNRF数据集,WorldExpo'10数据集)上进行了广泛的实验,这表明与先前的先前的尚未实行的方法相比,提出的易于实现的MSFANET可以实现有希望的结果。
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语言模型既展示了定量的改进,又展示了新的定性功能,随着规模的增加。尽管它们具有潜在的变革性影响,但这些新能力的特征却很差。为了为未来的研究提供信息,为破坏性的新模型能力做准备,并改善社会有害的效果,至关重要的是,我们必须了解目前和近乎未来的能力和语言模型的局限性。为了应对这一挑战,我们介绍了超越模仿游戏基准(Big Bench)。 Big Bench目前由204个任务组成,由132家机构的442位作者贡献。任务主题是多样的,从语言学,儿童发展,数学,常识性推理,生物学,物理学,社会偏见,软件开发等等。 Big-Bench专注于被认为超出当前语言模型的功能的任务。我们评估了OpenAI的GPT型号,Google内部密集变压器体系结构和大型基础上的开关稀疏变压器的行为,跨越了数百万到数十亿个参数。此外,一个人类专家评估者团队执行了所有任务,以提供强大的基准。研究结果包括:模型性能和校准都随规模改善,但绝对的术语(以及与评估者的性能相比);在模型类中的性能非常相似,尽管带有稀疏性。逐渐和预测的任务通常涉及大量知识或记忆成分,而在临界规模上表现出“突破性”行为的任务通常涉及多个步骤或组成部分或脆性指标;社交偏见通常会随着含糊不清的环境而随着规模而增加,但这可以通过提示来改善。
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测量贡献是合作游戏理论中的一个经典问题,其中沙普利价值是最著名的解决方案概念。在本文中,我们在参数贝叶斯学习游戏中建立了沙普利价值的收敛属性,玩家使用其组合数据进行贝叶斯推断,后端kl差异被用作特征函数。我们表明,对于任何两个玩家,在某些规律性的条件下,其在Shapley价值上的差异与限制性游戏的Shapley值的差异有关,其特征功能与联合Fisher信息的对数确定性成正比。作为一个应用程序,我们介绍了一个在线协作学习框架,该框架是渐近的沙普利 - 费尔。我们的结果使得可以实现这一目标,而无需对后端KL差异的任何昂贵计算。仅需要一致的Fisher信息估计器。使用现实世界数据通过实验证明了我们框架的有效性。
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本文提出了一种新颖的协作生成建模(CGM)框架,可激励自私各方之间的合作,以将数据贡献给池,用于培训生成模型(例如,GaN),从中绘制并将其分发给奖励的合成数据符合他们的贡献。将合成数据分配为奖励(而不是培训的型号或金钱)为下游学习任务提供任务和模型无关效益,并且不太可能违反数据隐私监管。为了实现框架,我们首先使用最大平均差异(MMD)提出数据估值函数,这些归属差异(MMD)在其近距离真实数据分布方面基于其数量和质量来提出数据,并提供指导我们MMD中的内核选择的理论结果基于数据估值功能。然后,我们将奖励方案制定为线性优化问题,当解决时,保证CGM框架中的某些激励措施如公平性。我们设计了一种加权采样算法,用于生成待分发的合成数据作为奖励,使得其数据的值和合成数据组合将其分配的奖励值与奖励方案相匹配。我们经验展示了使用派对合成数据奖励的模拟和实际数据集以符合其贡献。
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为了解决控制循环的耦合问题和多输入多输出(MIMO)PID控制系统中的自适应参数调谐问题,基于深度加强学习(RL)和Lyapunov-提出了一种自适应LSAC-PID算法本文基于奖励塑造。对于复杂和未知的移动机器人控制环境,首先呈现了基于RL的MIMO PID混合控制策略。根据移动机器人的动态信息和环境反馈,RL代理可以实时输出最佳MIMO PID参数,而不知道数学模型和解耦多个控制回路。然后,提高RL的收敛速度和移动机器人的稳定性,基于Lyapunov理论和基于潜在的奖励整形方法提出了一种基于Lyapunov的奖励塑形软演员 - 评论仪(LSAC)算法。算法的收敛性和最优性在于软政策迭代的策略评估和改进步骤。此外,对于线路跟随机器人,改进了该区域生长方法,以适应叉和环境干扰的影响。通过比较,测试和交叉验证,仿真和实际实验结果均显示出所提出的LSAC-PID调谐算法的良好性能。
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Recent years witnessed the breakthrough of face recognition with deep convolutional neural networks. Dozens of papers in the field of FR are published every year. Some of them were applied in the industrial community and played an important role in human life such as device unlock, mobile payment, and so on. This paper provides an introduction to face recognition, including its history, pipeline, algorithms based on conventional manually designed features or deep learning, mainstream training, evaluation datasets, and related applications. We have analyzed and compared state-of-the-art works as many as possible, and also carefully designed a set of experiments to find the effect of backbone size and data distribution. This survey is a material of the tutorial named The Practical Face Recognition Technology in the Industrial World in the FG2023.
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