According to the rapid development of drone technologies, drones are widely used in many applications including military domains. In this paper, a novel situation-aware DRL- based autonomous nonlinear drone mobility control algorithm in cyber-physical loitering munition applications. On the battlefield, the design of DRL-based autonomous control algorithm is not straightforward because real-world data gathering is generally not available. Therefore, the approach in this paper is that cyber-physical virtual environment is constructed with Unity environment. Based on the virtual cyber-physical battlefield scenarios, a DRL-based automated nonlinear drone mobility control algorithm can be designed, evaluated, and visualized. Moreover, many obstacles exist which is harmful for linear trajectory control in real-world battlefield scenarios. Thus, our proposed autonomous nonlinear drone mobility control algorithm utilizes situation-aware components those are implemented with a Raycast function in Unity virtual scenarios. Based on the gathered situation-aware information, the drone can autonomously and nonlinearly adjust its trajectory during flight. Therefore, this approach is obviously beneficial for avoiding obstacles in obstacle-deployed battlefields. Our visualization-based performance evaluation shows that the proposed algorithm is superior from the other linear mobility control algorithms.

在自主驾驶环境中，同时保证实时和准确的对象检测至关重要。但是，现有的对象检测神经网络系统的特征是计算时间和准确性之间的权衡，因此必须优化这种权衡。幸运的是，在许多自动驾驶环境中，图像以连续的形式出现，提供了使用光流的机会。在本文中，我们利用光流估计来提高对象检测神经网络的性能。此外，我们提出了一个lyapunov优化框架，以实现稳定性的时间平均性能最大化。它可以自适应地确定是否使用光流程适合动态车辆环境，从而确保车辆的队列稳定性和同时的时间平均最高性能。为了验证关键思想，我们使用各种对象检测神经网络和光流估计网络进行数值实验。此外，我们通过Yolov3微小和Flownet2-S展示了可自配置的稳定检测，它们分别是实时对象检测网络和光流估计网络。在演示中，我们提出的框架将准确性提高了3.02％，检测到的对象数量增加了59.6％，并且用于计算功能的队列稳定性。

现有的图像到图像翻译技术通常遭受了两个关键问题：严重依赖按样本域注释和/或无法处理每个图像的多个属性。最近的方法采用聚类方法来轻松以无监督的方式提供样本注释。但是，他们无法解释现实环境。一个样本可能具有多个属性。此外，集群的语义不容易与人类的理解相结合。为了克服这些，我们提出了一种语言驱动的图像到图像翻译模型，称为LANIT。我们利用文本中给出的易于访问的候选域注释，并在培训期间共同优化它们。目标样式是通过根据多热域分配汇总多域样式向量来指定的。由于最初的候选域文本可能不准确，因此我们将候选域文本设置为可学习的，并在培训期间共同对其进行微调。此外，我们引入了一个松弛域，以涵盖候选域未覆盖的样品。对几个标准基准测试的实验表明，LANIT与现有模型具有可比性或优越的性能。

当将同时映射和本地化（SLAM）调整到现实世界中的应用程序（例如自动驾驶汽车，无人机和增强现实设备）时，其内存足迹和计算成本是限制性能和应用程序范围的两个主要因素。在基于稀疏特征的SLAM算法中，解决此问题的一种有效方法是通过选择可能对本地和全局捆绑捆绑调整（BA）有用的点来限制地图点大小。这项研究提出了用于大量系统中稀疏地图点的有效图优化。具体而言，我们将最大姿势可见度和最大空间多样性问题作为最小成本最大流量图优化问题。提出的方法是现有SLAM系统的附加步骤，因此可以在常规或基于学习的SLAM系统中使用。通过广泛的实验评估，我们证明了所提出的方法以大约1/3的MAP点和1/2的计算实现了更准确的相机姿势。

The automated segmentation and tracking of macrophages during their migration are challenging tasks due to their dynamically changing shapes and motions. This paper proposes a new algorithm to achieve automatic cell tracking in time-lapse microscopy macrophage data. First, we design a segmentation method employing space-time filtering, local Otsu's thresholding, and the SUBSURF (subjective surface segmentation) method. Next, the partial trajectories for cells overlapping in the temporal direction are extracted in the segmented images. Finally, the extracted trajectories are linked by considering their direction of movement. The segmented images and the obtained trajectories from the proposed method are compared with those of the semi-automatic segmentation and manual tracking. The proposed tracking achieved 97.4% of accuracy for macrophage data under challenging situations, feeble fluorescent intensity, irregular shapes, and motion of macrophages. We expect that the automatically extracted trajectories of macrophages can provide pieces of evidence of how macrophages migrate depending on their polarization modes in the situation, such as during wound healing.

Data-centric AI has shed light on the significance of data within the machine learning (ML) pipeline. Acknowledging its importance, various research and policies are suggested by academia, industry, and government departments. Although the capability of utilizing existing data is essential, the capability to build a dataset has become more important than ever. In consideration of this trend, we propose a "Data Management Operation and Recipes" that will guide the industry regardless of the task or domain. In other words, this paper presents the concept of DMOps derived from real-world experience. By offering a baseline for building data, we want to help the industry streamline its data operation optimally.

This paper proposes a new regularization algorithm referred to as macro-block dropout. The overfitting issue has been a difficult problem in training large neural network models. The dropout technique has proven to be simple yet very effective for regularization by preventing complex co-adaptations during training. In our work, we define a macro-block that contains a large number of units from the input to a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). Rather than applying dropout to each unit, we apply random dropout to each macro-block. This algorithm has the effect of applying different drop out rates for each layer even if we keep a constant average dropout rate, which has better regularization effects. In our experiments using Recurrent Neural Network-Transducer (RNN-T), this algorithm shows relatively 4.30 % and 6.13 % Word Error Rates (WERs) improvement over the conventional dropout on LibriSpeech test-clean and test-other. With an Attention-based Encoder-Decoder (AED) model, this algorithm shows relatively 4.36 % and 5.85 % WERs improvement over the conventional dropout on the same test sets.

Affect understanding capability is essential for social robots to autonomously interact with a group of users in an intuitive and reciprocal way. However, the challenge of multi-person affect understanding comes from not only the accurate perception of each user's affective state (e.g., engagement) but also the recognition of the affect interplay between the members (e.g., joint engagement) that presents as complex, but subtle, nonverbal exchanges between them. Here we present a novel hybrid framework for identifying a parent-child dyad's joint engagement by combining a deep learning framework with various video augmentation techniques. Using a dataset of parent-child dyads reading storybooks together with a social robot at home, we first train RGB frame- and skeleton-based joint engagement recognition models with four video augmentation techniques (General Aug, DeepFake, CutOut, and Mixed) applied datasets to improve joint engagement classification performance. Second, we demonstrate experimental results on the use of trained models in the robot-parent-child interaction context. Third, we introduce a behavior-based metric for evaluating the learned representation of the models to investigate the model interpretability when recognizing joint engagement. This work serves as the first step toward fully unlocking the potential of end-to-end video understanding models pre-trained on large public datasets and augmented with data augmentation and visualization techniques for affect recognition in the multi-person human-robot interaction in the wild.

Training agents via off-policy deep reinforcement learning (RL) requires a large memory, named replay memory, that stores past experiences used for learning. These experiences are sampled, uniformly or non-uniformly, to create the batches used for training. When calculating the loss function, off-policy algorithms assume that all samples are of the same importance. In this paper, we hypothesize that training can be enhanced by assigning different importance for each experience based on their temporal-difference (TD) error directly in the training objective. We propose a novel method that introduces a weighting factor for each experience when calculating the loss function at the learning stage. In addition to improving convergence speed when used with uniform sampling, the method can be combined with prioritization methods for non-uniform sampling. Combining the proposed method with prioritization methods improves sampling efficiency while increasing the performance of TD-based off-policy RL algorithms. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by experiments in six environments of the OpenAI Gym suite. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a 33%~76% reduction of convergence speed in three environments and an 11% increase in returns and a 3%~10% increase in success rate for other three environments.

Neural fields, also known as coordinate-based or implicit neural representations, have shown a remarkable capability of representing, generating, and manipulating various forms of signals. For video representations, however, mapping pixel-wise coordinates to RGB colors has shown relatively low compression performance and slow convergence and inference speed. Frame-wise video representation, which maps a temporal coordinate to its entire frame, has recently emerged as an alternative method to represent videos, improving compression rates and encoding speed. While promising, it has still failed to reach the performance of state-of-the-art video compression algorithms. In this work, we propose FFNeRV, a novel method for incorporating flow information into frame-wise representations to exploit the temporal redundancy across the frames in videos inspired by the standard video codecs. Furthermore, we introduce a fully convolutional architecture, enabled by one-dimensional temporal grids, improving the continuity of spatial features. Experimental results show that FFNeRV yields the best performance for video compression and frame interpolation among the methods using frame-wise representations or neural fields. To reduce the model size even further, we devise a more compact convolutional architecture using the group and pointwise convolutions. With model compression techniques, including quantization-aware training and entropy coding, FFNeRV outperforms widely-used standard video codecs (H.264 and HEVC) and performs on par with state-of-the-art video compression algorithms.