用快速自动驾驶汽车导航越野，取决于强大的感知系统，该系统与不可传输的地形区分开来。通常，这取决于语义理解，该语义理解基于人类专家注释的图像的监督学习。这需要对人类时间进行大量投资，假定正确的专家分类，并且小细节可能导致错误分类。为了应对这些挑战，我们提出了一种方法，可以以一种自我监督的方式从过去的车辆体验中预测高风险的地形。首先，我们开发了一种将车辆轨迹投射到前摄像头图像中的工具。其次，在地形的3D表示中的遮挡被过滤掉。第三，在蒙面车辆轨迹区域训练的自动编码器根据重建误差确定低风险和高风险地形。我们通过两种型号和不同的瓶颈评估了我们的方法，并使用了两个不同的训练站点和四轮越野车。与来自类似地形的两个独立的语义标签的独立测试集比较，表明能够将地面作为低风险和植被为高风险，精度为81.1％和85.1％。

腿部机器人可以穿越各种各样的地形，其中一些可能对轮式机器人（例如楼梯或高度不平衡的表面）具有挑战性。然而，四倍的机器人面临湿滑表面上的稳定挑战。可以通过切换到更保守和稳定的运动模式，例如爬网模式（始终与地面三英尺接触）或安排模式（一只脚一次接触）来防止这种方法来解决这一问题。潜在跌落。为了应对这些挑战，我们提出了一种从过去的机器人体验中学习模型的方法，以预测潜在的失败。因此，我们仅基于本体感受的感觉信息触发步态切换。为了学习这种预测模型，我们提出了一个半监督的过程，用于在两个阶段中检测和注释地面真相滑移事件：我们首先在步态数据的时间序列序列中使用无可教力的异常检测器检测到异常发生，然后，然后，然后检测到异常情况。在重播模拟中，通过人类知识进行了验证，以断言滑移事件。这些注释的滑移事件随后用作地面真理示例，以训练整体决策者，以预测跨地形的滑移概率以进行遍历。我们分析了由腿部机器人在具有湿滑地形的多个站点上记录的数据分析模型。我们证明，潜在的滑移事件可以预测在潜在跌倒之前的720毫秒之前，平均精度大于0.95，平均F评分为0.82。最后，我们通过将其在腿部机器人上部署并根据滑移事件检测切换其步态模式来实时验证我们的方法。

用于主动假体或orthoses的控制策略使用传感器输入来识别用户的机车意图，并生成用于产生所需运动的相应控制命令。在本文中，我们提出了一种基于学习的共享模型，用于预测不同运动模式的脚踝关节运动，如Lope-Grouding，Stair Ascent，Stair Descent，Slope Ascent和Slope Descent，而无需在它们之间进行分类。从髋关节和膝关节角运动中提取的特征用于使用前馈神经网络的共享模型连续地预测脚踝角度和矩。我们表明，共享模型足以预测不同运动模式的脚踝角度和时刻，而不明确地在模式之间进行分类。所提出的策略表明，为能够适应不同运动模式的智能假肢脚踝设计高级控制器的可能性。

在未知和非结构化环境中自动机器人勘探和导航中的主要挑战之一是确定机器人可以或不能安全地移动的地方。这种确定的重要难度源来自随机性和不确定性，来自定位误差，传感器稀疏性和噪声，难以模拟机器人地面相互作用以及对车辆运动的干扰。该问题的经典方法取决于周围地形的几何分析，这可能容易建模错误，并且在计算上可能很昂贵。此外，建模不确定的遍历性成本的分布是一项艰巨的任务，这与上述各种错误来源相混合。在这项工作中，我们针对这个问题采用了原则性的学习方法。我们介绍了一种神经网络体系结构，以鲁棒性学习遍历成本的分布。因为我们是通过保留机器人的寿命来激发的，所以我们从学习尾风的角度（即有条件的价值风险（CVAR））来解决这个学习问题。我们表明，这种方法可靠地了解到预期的尾巴风险鉴于0到1之间的所需概率风险阈值，从而产生了遍及性的成本量，这对离群值更加健壮，更准确地捕获了尾巴风险，并且在与盆地相比时，尾巴风险更高，并且在计算上更有效。我们验证了我们在数据收集的数据上验证我们的方法，该机器人在挑战性的，非结构化的环境中导航，包括废弃的地铁，石灰石洞穴和熔岩管洞穴。

Transformer layers, which use an alternating pattern of multi-head attention and multi-layer perceptron (MLP) layers, provide an effective tool for a variety of machine learning problems. As the transformer layers use residual connections to avoid the problem of vanishing gradients, they can be viewed as the numerical integration of a differential equation. In this extended abstract, we build upon this connection and propose a modification of the internal architecture of a transformer layer. The proposed model places the multi-head attention sublayer and the MLP sublayer parallel to each other. Our experiments show that this simple modification improves the performance of transformer networks in multiple tasks. Moreover, for the image classification task, we show that using neural ODE solvers with a sophisticated integration scheme further improves performance.

This paper presents SVAM (Sequential Variance-Altered MLE), a unified framework for learning generalized linear models under adversarial label corruption in training data. SVAM extends to tasks such as least squares regression, logistic regression, and gamma regression, whereas many existing works on learning with label corruptions focus only on least squares regression. SVAM is based on a novel variance reduction technique that may be of independent interest and works by iteratively solving weighted MLEs over variance-altered versions of the GLM objective. SVAM offers provable model recovery guarantees superior to the state-of-the-art for robust regression even when a constant fraction of training labels are adversarially corrupted. SVAM also empirically outperforms several existing problem-specific techniques for robust regression and classification. Code for SVAM is available at https://github.com/purushottamkar/svam/

Search and rescue, wildfire monitoring, and flood/hurricane impact assessment are mission-critical services for recent IoT networks. Communication synchronization, dependability, and minimal communication jitter are major simulation and system issues for the time-based physics-based ROS simulator, event-based network-based wireless simulator, and complex dynamics of mobile and heterogeneous IoT devices deployed in actual environments. Simulating a heterogeneous multi-robot system before deployment is difficult due to synchronizing physics (robotics) and network simulators. Due to its master-based architecture, most TCP/IP-based synchronization middlewares use ROS1. A real-time ROS2 architecture with masterless packet discovery synchronizes robotics and wireless network simulations. A velocity-aware Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) technique for ground and aerial robots using Data Distribution Service (DDS) publish-subscribe transport minimizes packet loss, synchronization, transmission, and communication jitters. Gazebo and NS-3 simulate and test. Simulator-agnostic middleware. LOS/NLOS and TCP/UDP protocols tested our ROS2-based synchronization middleware for packet loss probability and average latency. A thorough ablation research replaced NS-3 with EMANE, a real-time wireless network simulator, and masterless ROS2 with master-based ROS1. Finally, we tested network synchronization and jitter using one aerial drone (Duckiedrone) and two ground vehicles (TurtleBot3 Burger) on different terrains in masterless (ROS2) and master-enabled (ROS1) clusters. Our middleware shows that a large-scale IoT infrastructure with a diverse set of stationary and robotic devices can achieve low-latency communications (12% and 11% reduction in simulation and real) while meeting mission-critical application reliability (10% and 15% packet loss reduction) and high-fidelity requirements.

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich organizations and are frequently kept from the public. As a step towards democratizing this powerful technology, we present BLOOM, a 176B-parameter open-access language model designed and built thanks to a collaboration of hundreds of researchers. BLOOM is a decoder-only Transformer language model that was trained on the ROOTS corpus, a dataset comprising hundreds of sources in 46 natural and 13 programming languages (59 in total). We find that BLOOM achieves competitive performance on a wide variety of benchmarks, with stronger results after undergoing multitask prompted finetuning. To facilitate future research and applications using LLMs, we publicly release our models and code under the Responsible AI License.

Recent research has demonstrated the capability of behavior signals captured by smartphones and wearables for longitudinal behavior modeling. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive public dataset that serves as an open testbed for fair comparison among algorithms. Moreover, prior studies mainly evaluate algorithms using data from a single population within a short period, without measuring the cross-dataset generalizability of these algorithms. We present the first multi-year passive sensing datasets, containing over 700 user-years and 497 unique users' data collected from mobile and wearable sensors, together with a wide range of well-being metrics. Our datasets can support multiple cross-dataset evaluations of behavior modeling algorithms' generalizability across different users and years. As a starting point, we provide the benchmark results of 18 algorithms on the task of depression detection. Our results indicate that both prior depression detection algorithms and domain generalization techniques show potential but need further research to achieve adequate cross-dataset generalizability. We envision our multi-year datasets can support the ML community in developing generalizable longitudinal behavior modeling algorithms.

In this research work, we have demonstrated the application of Mask-RCNN (Regional Convolutional Neural Network), a deep-learning algorithm for computer vision and specifically object detection, to semiconductor defect inspection domain. Stochastic defect detection and classification during semiconductor manufacturing has grown to be a challenging task as we continuously shrink circuit pattern dimensions (e.g., for pitches less than 32 nm). Defect inspection and analysis by state-of-the-art optical and e-beam inspection tools is generally driven by some rule-based techniques, which in turn often causes to misclassification and thereby necessitating human expert intervention. In this work, we have revisited and extended our previous deep learning-based defect classification and detection method towards improved defect instance segmentation in SEM images with precise extent of defect as well as generating a mask for each defect category/instance. This also enables to extract and calibrate each segmented mask and quantify the pixels that make up each mask, which in turn enables us to count each categorical defect instances as well as to calculate the surface area in terms of pixels. We are aiming at detecting and segmenting different types of inter-class stochastic defect patterns such as bridge, break, and line collapse as well as to differentiate accurately between intra-class multi-categorical defect bridge scenarios (as thin/single/multi-line/horizontal/non-horizontal) for aggressive pitches as well as thin resists (High NA applications). Our proposed approach demonstrates its effectiveness both quantitatively and qualitatively.