在本文中，我们研究了现代神经网络的事后校准，这个问题近年来引起了很多关注。已经为任务提出了许多不同复杂性的校准方法，但是关于这些任务的表达方式尚无共识。我们专注于置信度缩放的任务，特别是在概括温度缩放的事后方法上，我们将其称为自适应温度缩放家族。我们分析了改善校准并提出可解释方法的表达功能。我们表明，当有大量数据复杂模型（例如神经网络）产生更好的性能时，但是当数据量受到限制时，很容易失败，这是某些事后校准应用（例如医学诊断）的常见情况。我们研究表达方法在理想条件和设计更简单的方法下学习但对这些表现良好的功能具有强烈的感应偏见的功能。具体而言，我们提出了基于熵的温度缩放，这是一种简单的方法，可根据其熵缩放预测的置信度。结果表明，与其他方法相比，我们的方法可获得最先进的性能，并且与复杂模型不同，它对数据稀缺是可靠的。此外，我们提出的模型可以更深入地解释校准过程。

In this work, a re-design of the Moodledata module functionalities is presented to share learning objects between e-learning content platforms, e.g., Moodle and G-Lorep, in a linkable object format. The e-learning courses content of the Drupal-based Content Management System G-Lorep for academic learning is exchanged designing an object incorporating metadata to support the reuse and the classification in its context. In such an Artificial Intelligence environment, the exchange of Linkable Learning Objects can be used for dialogue between Learning Systems to obtain information, especially with the use of semantic or structural similarity measures to enhance the existent Taxonomy Assistant for advanced automated classification.

Emerging applications such as Deep Learning are often data-driven, thus traditional approaches based on auto-tuners are not performance effective across the wide range of inputs used in practice. In the present paper, we start an investigation of predictive models based on machine learning techniques in order to optimize Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs). As a use-case, we focus on the ARM Compute Library which provides three different implementations of the convolution operator at different numeric precision. Starting from a collation of benchmarks, we build and validate models learned by Decision Tree and naive Bayesian classifier. Preliminary experiments on Midgard-based ARM Mali GPU show that our predictive model outperforms all the convolution operators manually selected by the library.

Many clinical and research studies of the human brain require an accurate structural MRI segmentation. While traditional atlas-based methods can be applied to volumes from any acquisition site, recent deep learning algorithms ensure very high accuracy only when tested on data from the same sites exploited in training (i.e., internal data). The performance degradation experienced on external data (i.e., unseen volumes from unseen sites) is due to the inter-site variabilities in intensity distributions induced by different MR scanner models, acquisition parameters, and unique artefacts. To mitigate this site-dependency, often referred to as the scanner effect, we propose LOD-Brain, a 3D convolutional neural network with progressive levels-of-detail (LOD) able to segment brain data from any site. Coarser network levels are responsible to learn a robust anatomical prior useful for identifying brain structures and their locations, while finer levels refine the model to handle site-specific intensity distributions and anatomical variations. We ensure robustness across sites by training the model on an unprecedented rich dataset aggregating data from open repositories: almost 27,000 T1w volumes from around 160 acquisition sites, at 1.5 - 3T, from a population spanning from 8 to 90 years old. Extensive tests demonstrate that LOD-Brain produces state-of-the-art results, with no significant difference in performance between internal and external sites, and robust to challenging anatomical variations. Its portability opens the way for large scale application across different healthcare institutions, patient populations, and imaging technology manufacturers. Code, model, and demo are available at the project website.

Survival modeling in healthcare relies on explainable statistical models; yet, their underlying assumptions are often simplistic and, thus, unrealistic. Machine learning models can estimate more complex relationships and lead to more accurate predictions, but are non-interpretable. This study shows it is possible to estimate hospitalization for congestive heart failure by a 30 seconds single-lead electrocardiogram signal. Using a machine learning approach not only results in greater predictive power but also provides clinically meaningful interpretations. We train an eXtreme Gradient Boosting accelerated failure time model and exploit SHapley Additive exPlanations values to explain the effect of each feature on predictions. Our model achieved a concordance index of 0.828 and an area under the curve of 0.853 at one year and 0.858 at two years on a held-out test set of 6,573 patients. These results show that a rapid test based on an electrocardiogram could be crucial in targeting and treating high-risk individuals.

在本文中，我们描述了我们参与Case-2022的子任务1，即与休闲新闻语料库的事件因果关系识别。我们通过在少数带注释的示例（即几次配置）上利用一组简单但互补的技术来解决因果关系识别（CRI）任务。我们遵循一种基于迅速的预测方法，用于微调LMS，其中CRI任务被视为掩盖语言建模问题（MLM）。这种方法允许LMS在MLM问题上进行本地预先训练，可以直接生成对CRI特异性提示的文本响应。我们将此方法的性能与在整个数据集中训练的集合技术进行比较。我们表现​​最佳的提交仅接受了每班256个实例，整个数据集的一小部分培训，但能够获得第二好的精度（0.82），第三好的精度（0.82）和F1得分。 （0.85）非常接近获胜者团队（0.86）的报道。

人类行动识别是计算机视觉中的重要应用领域。它的主要目的是准确地描述人类的行为及其相互作用，从传感器获得的先前看不见的数据序列中。识别，理解和预测复杂人类行动的能力能够构建许多重要的应用，例如智能监视系统，人力计算机界面，医疗保健，安全和军事应用。近年来，计算机视觉社区特别关注深度学习。本文使用深度学习技术的视频分析概述了当前的动作识别最新识别。我们提出了识别人类行为的最重要的深度学习模型，并分析它们，以提供用于解决人类行动识别问题的深度学习算法的当前进展，以突出其优势和缺点。基于文献中报道的识别精度的定量分析，我们的研究确定了动作识别中最新的深层体系结构，然后为该领域的未来工作提供当前的趋势和开放问题。

在过去的几十年中，研究人员对连续的手势识别（CHGR）进行了广泛的研究。最近，已经提出了一种模型来应对连续的手势视频中孤立手势的边界检测的挑战[17]。为了增强模型性能，还可以在[17]中提出的模型中替换手工制作的特征提取器，我们提出了GCN模型，并将其与堆叠的BI-LSTM和注意力模块结合使用，以在视频流中推动时间信息。考虑到骨架模式的GCN模型的突破，我们提出了一种两层GCN模型，以增强3D手骨架功能。最后，从[17]借用的每个隔离手势的类概率被馈送到后处理模块中。此外，我们用一些非解剖图结构代替了解剖图结构。由于缺乏大型数据集，包括连续手势序列和相应的孤立手势，三个动态手势识别（DHGR）中的公共数据集，RKS-Persiansign和Aslvid用于评估。实验结果表明，在处理连续的手势序列中处理孤立的手势边界检测方面所提出的模型的优越性

卷积和复发性神经网络的结合是一个有希望的框架，它允许提取高质量时空特征以及其时间依赖性，这是时间序列预测问题（例如预测，分类或异常检测）的关键。在本文中，引入了TSFEDL库。它通过使用卷积和经常性的深神经网络来编译20种时间序列提取和预测的最先进方法，用于在多个数据挖掘任务中使用。该库是建立在AGPLV3许可下的一组TensorFlow+Keras和Pytorch模块上的。本提案中包含的架构的性能验证证实了此Python软件包的有用性。

Inspired by progress in large-scale language modeling, we apply a similar approach towards building a single generalist agent beyond the realm of text outputs. The agent, which we refer to as Gato, works as a multi-modal, multi-task, multi-embodiment generalist policy. The same network with the same weights can play Atari, caption images, chat, stack blocks with a real robot arm and much more, deciding based on its context whether to output text, joint torques, button presses, or other tokens. In this report we describe the model and the data, and document the current capabilities of Gato.