新型视图合成是一个长期存在的问题。在这项工作中，我们考虑了一个问题的变体，在这种变体中，只有几个上下文视图稀疏地涵盖了场景或对象。目的是预测现场的新观点，这需要学习先验。当前的艺术状态基于神经辐射场（NERF），在获得令人印象深刻的结果的同时，这些方法遭受了较长的训练时间，因为它们需要通过每个图像来评估数百万个3D点样品。我们提出了一种仅限2D方法，该方法将多个上下文视图映射，并在神经网络的单个通过中映射到新图像。我们的模型使用由密码簿和变压器模型组成的两阶段体系结构。该密码手册用于将单个图像嵌入较小的潜在空间中，而变压器在此更紧凑的空间中求解了视图综合任务。为了有效地训练我们的模型，我们引入了一种新颖的分支注意机制，该机制使我们不仅可以将相同的模型用于神经渲染，还可以用于摄像头姿势估计。现实世界场景的实验结果表明，与基于NERF的方法相比，我们的方法具有竞争力，而在3D中没有明确推理，并且训练速度更快。

将四型人降落在倾斜的表面上是一个具有挑战性的动作。任何倾斜着陆轨迹的最终状态都不是平衡，这排除了大多数常规控制方法的使用。我们提出了一种深入的强化学习方法，以设计倾斜表面的自动着陆控制器。使用具有稀疏奖励和量身定制的课程学习方法的近端政策优化（PPO）算法，可以在不到90分钟的标准笔记本电脑上培训倾斜的着陆政策。然后，该政策直接采用真正的Crazyflie 2.1四型四面管，并成功地在飞行舞台上执行了真正的倾向着陆。单个策略评估大约需要2.5 \，MS，这使其适用于四型在四面体上的未来嵌入式实现。

加固学习算法可以解决动态决策和最优控制问题。通过连续值的状态和输入变量，强化学习算法必须依赖函数近似器来表示值函数和策略映射。常用的数值近似器，如神经网络或基础函数扩展，具有两个主要缺点：它们是黑匣子型号，可以对学习的映射有很小的洞察力，并且他们需要广泛的试验和错误调整它们的超参数。在本文中，我们通过使用符号回归提出了一种以分析表达式的形式构建平滑值函数的新方法。我们介绍了三种离线方法，用于基于状态转换模型查找值函数：符号值迭代，符号策略迭代，以及Bellman方程的直接解决方案。该方法在四个非线性控制问题上说明：速度控制摩擦力控制，单键和双连杆摆动，和磁操作。结果表明，该价值函数产生良好的策略，并紧凑，数学上易行，易于插入其他算法。这使得它们可能适用于进一步分析闭环系统。使用神经网络的替代方法的比较表明，我们的方法优于基于神经网络的方法。

We present a dynamic path planning algorithm to navigate an amphibious rotor craft through a concave time-invariant obstacle field while attempting to minimize energy usage. We create a nonlinear quaternion state model that represents the rotor craft dynamics above and below the water. The 6 degree of freedom dynamics used within a layered architecture to generate motion paths for the vehicle to follow and the required control inputs. The rotor craft has a 3 dimensional map of its surroundings that is updated via limited range onboard sensor readings within the current medium (air or water). Path planning is done via PRM and D* Lite.

Nine language-vision AI models trained on web scrapes with the Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining (CLIP) objective are evaluated for evidence of a bias studied by psychologists: the sexual objectification of girls and women, which occurs when a person's human characteristics are disregarded and the person is treated as a body or a collection of body parts. A first experiment uses standardized images of women from the Sexual OBjectification and EMotion Database, and finds that, commensurate with prior research in psychology, human characteristics are disassociated from images of objectified women: the model's recognition of emotional state is mediated by whether the subject is fully or partially clothed. Embedding association tests (EATs) return significant effect sizes for both anger (d >.8) and sadness (d >.5). A second experiment measures the effect in a representative application: an automatic image captioner (Antarctic Captions) includes words denoting emotion less than 50% as often for images of partially clothed women than for images of fully clothed women. A third experiment finds that images of female professionals (scientists, doctors, executives) are likely to be associated with sexual descriptions relative to images of male professionals. A fourth experiment shows that a prompt of "a [age] year old girl" generates sexualized images (as determined by an NSFW classifier) up to 73% of the time for VQGAN-CLIP (age 17), and up to 40% of the time for Stable Diffusion (ages 14 and 18); the corresponding rate for boys never surpasses 9%. The evidence indicates that language-vision AI models trained on automatically collected web scrapes learn biases of sexual objectification, which propagate to downstream applications.

Algorithms that involve both forecasting and optimization are at the core of solutions to many difficult real-world problems, such as in supply chains (inventory optimization), traffic, and in the transition towards carbon-free energy generation in battery/load/production scheduling in sustainable energy systems. Typically, in these scenarios we want to solve an optimization problem that depends on unknown future values, which therefore need to be forecast. As both forecasting and optimization are difficult problems in their own right, relatively few research has been done in this area. This paper presents the findings of the ``IEEE-CIS Technical Challenge on Predict+Optimize for Renewable Energy Scheduling," held in 2021. We present a comparison and evaluation of the seven highest-ranked solutions in the competition, to provide researchers with a benchmark problem and to establish the state of the art for this benchmark, with the aim to foster and facilitate research in this area. The competition used data from the Monash Microgrid, as well as weather data and energy market data. It then focused on two main challenges: forecasting renewable energy production and demand, and obtaining an optimal schedule for the activities (lectures) and on-site batteries that lead to the lowest cost of energy. The most accurate forecasts were obtained by gradient-boosted tree and random forest models, and optimization was mostly performed using mixed integer linear and quadratic programming. The winning method predicted different scenarios and optimized over all scenarios jointly using a sample average approximation method.

We apply the vision transformer, a deep machine learning model build around the attention mechanism, on mel-spectrogram representations of raw audio recordings. When adding mel-based data augmentation techniques and sample-weighting, we achieve comparable performance on both (PRS and CCS challenge) tasks of ComParE21, outperforming most single model baselines. We further introduce overlapping vertical patching and evaluate the influence of parameter configurations. Index Terms: audio classification, attention, mel-spectrogram, unbalanced data-sets, computational paralinguistics

Common to all different kinds of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) is the intention to model relations between data points through time. When there is no immediate relationship between subsequent data points (like when the data points are generated at random, e.g.), we show that RNNs are still able to remember a few data points back into the sequence by memorizing them by heart using standard backpropagation. However, we also show that for classical RNNs, LSTM and GRU networks the distance of data points between recurrent calls that can be reproduced this way is highly limited (compared to even a loose connection between data points) and subject to various constraints imposed by the type and size of the RNN in question. This implies the existence of a hard limit (way below the information-theoretic one) for the distance between related data points within which RNNs are still able to recognize said relation.

The proliferation of automatic faithfulness metrics for summarization has produced a need for benchmarks to evaluate them. While existing benchmarks measure the correlation with human judgements of faithfulness on model-generated summaries, they are insufficient for diagnosing whether metrics are: 1) consistent, i.e., decrease as errors are introduced into a summary, 2) effective on human-written texts, and 3) sensitive to different error types (as summaries can contain multiple errors). To address these needs, we present a benchmark of unfaithful minimal pairs (BUMP), a dataset of 889 human-written, minimally different summary pairs, where a single error (from an ontology of 7 types) is introduced to a summary from the CNN/DailyMail dataset to produce an unfaithful summary. We find BUMP complements existing benchmarks in a number of ways: 1) the summaries in BUMP are harder to discriminate and less probable under SOTA summarization models, 2) BUMP enables measuring the consistency of metrics, and reveals that the most discriminative metrics tend not to be the most consistent, 3) BUMP enables the measurement of metrics' performance on individual error types and highlights areas of weakness for future work.

Earthquakes, fire, and floods often cause structural collapses of buildings. The inspection of damaged buildings poses a high risk for emergency forces or is even impossible, though. We present three recent selected missions of the Robotics Task Force of the German Rescue Robotics Center, where both ground and aerial robots were used to explore destroyed buildings. We describe and reflect the missions as well as the lessons learned that have resulted from them. In order to make robots from research laboratories fit for real operations, realistic test environments were set up for outdoor and indoor use and tested in regular exercises by researchers and emergency forces. Based on this experience, the robots and their control software were significantly improved. Furthermore, top teams of researchers and first responders were formed, each with realistic assessments of the operational and practical suitability of robotic systems.