我们的目标是使随机梯度$ \ sigma^2 $在随机梯度和（ii）问题依赖性常数中自适应（i）自适应。当最大程度地减少条件编号$ \ kappa $的平滑，强大的功能时，我们证明，$ t $ t $ toerations sgd的$ t $ toerations sgd具有指数降低的阶跃尺寸和对平滑度的知识可以实现$ \ tilde {o} \ left（\ exp） \ left（\ frac {-t} {\ kappa} \ right） + \ frac {\ sigma^2} {t} \ right）$ rate，而又不知道$ \ sigma^2 $。为了适应平滑度，我们使用随机线路搜索（SLS）并显示（通过上下距离），其SGD的SGD与SLS以所需的速率收敛，但仅针对溶液的邻域。另一方面，我们证明具有平滑度的离线估计值的SGD会收敛到最小化器。但是，其速率与估计误差成正比的速度减慢。接下来，我们证明具有Nesterov加速度和指数步骤尺寸（称为ASGD）的SGD可以实现接近最佳的$ \ tilde {o} \ left（\ exp \ left（\ frac {-t} {-t} {\ sqrt {\ sqrt {\ sqrt { \ kappa}}} \ right） + \ frac {\ sigma^2} {t} \ right）$ rate，而无需$ \ sigma^2 $。当与平滑度和强频率的离线估计值一起使用时，ASGD仍会收敛到溶液，尽管速度较慢。我们从经验上证明了指数级尺寸的有效性以及新型SLS的变体。

有限和最小化的方差减少（VR）方法通常需要对往复且难以估计的问题依赖性常数的知识。为了解决这个问题，我们使用自适应梯度方法的想法来提出ADASVRG，这是SVRG的更强大变体，即常见的VR方法。 ADASVRG在SVRG的内循环中使用Adagrad，使其稳健地选择阶梯大小。当最小化N平滑凸函数的总和时，我们证明了ADASVRG的变体需要$ \ TINDE {O}（N + 1 / ePSILON）$梯度评估，以实现$ O（\ epsilon）$ - 次优，匹配典型速率，但不需要知道问题依赖性常数。接下来，我们利用Adagrad的属性提出了一种启发式，可以自适应地确定ADASVRG中的每个内循环的长度。通过对合成和现实世界数据集的实验，我们验证了ADASVRG的稳健性和有效性，证明了其对标准和其他“无调谐”VR方法的卓越性能。

Compared to regular cameras, Dynamic Vision Sensors or Event Cameras can output compact visual data based on a change in the intensity in each pixel location asynchronously. In this paper, we study the application of current image-based SLAM techniques to these novel sensors. To this end, the information in adaptively selected event windows is processed to form motion-compensated images. These images are then used to reconstruct the scene and estimate the 6-DOF pose of the camera. We also propose an inertial version of the event-only pipeline to assess its capabilities. We compare the results of different configurations of the proposed algorithm against the ground truth for sequences of two publicly available event datasets. We also compare the results of the proposed event-inertial pipeline with the state-of-the-art and show it can produce comparable or more accurate results provided the map estimate is reliable.

The purpose of this work was to tackle practical issues which arise when using a tendon-driven robotic manipulator with a long, passive, flexible proximal section in medical applications. A separable robot which overcomes difficulties in actuation and sterilization is introduced, in which the body containing the electronics is reusable and the remainder is disposable. A control input which resolves the redundancy in the kinematics and a physical interpretation of this redundancy are provided. The effect of a static change in the proximal section angle on bending angle error was explored under four testing conditions for a sinusoidal input. Bending angle error increased for increasing proximal section angle for all testing conditions with an average error reduction of 41.48% for retension, 4.28% for hysteresis, and 52.35% for re-tension + hysteresis compensation relative to the baseline case. Two major sources of error in tracking the bending angle were identified: time delay from hysteresis and DC offset from the proximal section angle. Examination of these error sources revealed that the simple hysteresis compensation was most effective for removing time delay and re-tension compensation for removing DC offset, which was the primary source of increasing error. The re-tension compensation was also tested for dynamic changes in the proximal section and reduced error in the final configuration of the tip by 89.14% relative to the baseline case.

Transformers have recently gained attention in the computer vision domain due to their ability to model long-range dependencies. However, the self-attention mechanism, which is the core part of the Transformer model, usually suffers from quadratic computational complexity with respect to the number of tokens. Many architectures attempt to reduce model complexity by limiting the self-attention mechanism to local regions or by redesigning the tokenization process. In this paper, we propose DAE-Former, a novel method that seeks to provide an alternative perspective by efficiently designing the self-attention mechanism. More specifically, we reformulate the self-attention mechanism to capture both spatial and channel relations across the whole feature dimension while staying computationally efficient. Furthermore, we redesign the skip connection path by including the cross-attention module to ensure the feature reusability and enhance the localization power. Our method outperforms state-of-the-art methods on multi-organ cardiac and skin lesion segmentation datasets without requiring pre-training weights. The code is publicly available at https://github.com/mindflow-institue/DAEFormer.

A track-before-detect (TBD) particle filter-based method for detection and tracking of low observable objects based on a sequence of image frames in the presence of noise and clutter is studied. At each time instance after receiving a frame of image, first, some preprocessing approaches are applied to the image. Then, it is sent to the detection and tracking algorithm which is based on a particle filter. Performance of the approach is evaluated for detection and tracking of an object in different scenarios including noise and clutter.

Machine reading comprehension (MRC) is a long-standing topic in natural language processing (NLP). The MRC task aims to answer a question based on the given context. Recently studies focus on multi-hop MRC which is a more challenging extension of MRC, which to answer a question some disjoint pieces of information across the context are required. Due to the complexity and importance of multi-hop MRC, a large number of studies have been focused on this topic in recent years, therefore, it is necessary and worth reviewing the related literature. This study aims to investigate recent advances in the multi-hop MRC approaches based on 31 studies from 2018 to 2022. In this regard, first, the multi-hop MRC problem definition will be introduced, then 31 models will be reviewed in detail with a strong focus on their multi-hop aspects. They also will be categorized based on their main techniques. Finally, a fine-grain comprehensive comparison of the models and techniques will be presented.

Multi-hop Machine reading comprehension is a challenging task with aim of answering a question based on disjoint pieces of information across the different passages. The evaluation metrics and datasets are a vital part of multi-hop MRC because it is not possible to train and evaluate models without them, also, the proposed challenges by datasets often are an important motivation for improving the existing models. Due to increasing attention to this field, it is necessary and worth reviewing them in detail. This study aims to present a comprehensive survey on recent advances in multi-hop MRC evaluation metrics and datasets. In this regard, first, the multi-hop MRC problem definition will be presented, then the evaluation metrics based on their multi-hop aspect will be investigated. Also, 15 multi-hop datasets have been reviewed in detail from 2017 to 2022, and a comprehensive analysis has been prepared at the end. Finally, open issues in this field have been discussed.

Regular cameras and cell phones are able to capture limited luminosity. Thus, in terms of quality, most of the produced images from such devices are not similar to the real world. They are overly dark or too bright, and the details are not perfectly visible. Various methods, which fall under the name of High Dynamic Range (HDR) Imaging, can be utilised to cope with this problem. Their objective is to produce an image with more details. However, unfortunately, most methods for generating an HDR image from Multi-Exposure images only concentrate on how to combine different exposures and do not have any focus on choosing the best details of each image. Therefore, it is strived in this research to extract the most visible areas of each image with the help of image segmentation. Two methods of producing the Ground Truth were considered, as manual threshold and Otsu threshold, and a neural network will be used to train segment these areas. Finally, it will be shown that the neural network is able to segment the visible parts of pictures acceptably.

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been utilized for various natural language processing (NLP) tasks lately. The ability to encode corpus-wide features in graph representation made GNN models popular in various tasks such as document classification. One major shortcoming of such models is that they mainly work on homogeneous graphs, while representing text datasets as graphs requires several node types which leads to a heterogeneous schema. In this paper, we propose a transductive hybrid approach composed of an unsupervised node representation learning model followed by a node classification/edge prediction model. The proposed model is capable of processing heterogeneous graphs to produce unified node embeddings which are then utilized for node classification or link prediction as the downstream task. The proposed model is developed to classify stock market technical analysis reports, which to our knowledge is the first work in this domain. Experiments, which are carried away using a constructed dataset, demonstrate the ability of the model in embedding extraction and the downstream tasks.