装袋和升压是在机器学习（ml）中的两个流行的集合方法，产生许多单独的决策树。由于这些方法的固有组合特性，它们通常以预测性能更优于单决定树或其他ML模型。然而，为每个决策树生成许多决定路径，增加了模型的整体复杂性，并阻碍了其在需要值得信赖和可解释的决策的域中的域，例如金融，社会护理和保健。因此，随着决策的数量升高，袋装和升降算法（例如随机森林和自适应升压）的解释性降低。在本文中，我们提出了一种视觉分析工具，该工具旨在帮助用户通过彻底的视觉检查工作流程从这种ML模型中提取决策，包括选择一套鲁棒和不同的模型（源自不同的集合学习算法），选择重要的功能根据他们的全球贡献，决定哪些决定对于全球解释（或本地，具体案件）是必不可少的。结果是基于多个模型的协议和用户出口的探索手动决策的最终决定。最后，我们通过用例，使用场景和用户学习评估患者的适用性和有效性。

维数减少（DR）技术有助于分析师理解高维空间的模式。这些技术通常由散点图表示，在不同的科学域中使用，并促进集群和数据样本之间的相似性分析。对于包含许多粒度的数据集或者当分析遵循信息可视化Mantra时，分层DR技术是最合适的方法，因为它们预先呈现了主要结构和需求的详细信息。然而，当前的分层DR技术并不完全能够解决文献问题，因为它们不保留跨分层级别的投影心理映射，或者不适合大多数数据类型。这项工作提出了Humap，一种新颖的等级维度减少技术，旨在灵活地保护本地和全球结构，并在整个分层勘探中保留心理贴图。我们提供了与现有的等级方法相比我们技术优势的经验证据，并显示了两种案例研究以证明其优势。

机器学习（ML）生命周期涉及一系列迭代步骤，从有效的收集和准备数据，包括复杂的特征工程流程，对结果的演示和改进，各种步骤中的各种算法选择。特征工程尤其可以对ML非常有益，导致许多改进，例如提高预测结果，降低计算时间，减少过度噪音，并提高培训期间所采取的决策背后的透明度。尽管如此，虽然存在多个视觉分析工具来监控和控制ML生命周期的不同阶段（特别是与数据和算法相关的阶段），但功能工程支持仍然不足。在本文中，我们提出了FightEnvi，一种专门设计用于协助特征工程过程的视觉分析系统。我们建议的系统可帮助用户选择最重要的功能，将原始功能转换为强大的替代方案，并进行不同的特征生成组合。此外，数据空间切片允许用户探索本地和全局尺度上的功能的影响。 Feationenvi利用多种自动特征选择技术;此外，它目视指导用户有统计证据的关于每个特征的影响（或功能的子集）。最终结果是通过多种验证度量评估的重新设计的重新设计特征。用两种用例和案例研究证明了FeatureenVI的有用性和适用性。我们还向评估我们系统的有效性以及评估我们系统的有效性的观众报告反馈。

Dimensionality Reduction (DR) scatterplot layouts have become a ubiquitous visualization tool for analyzing multidimensional datasets. Despite their popularity, such scatterplots suffer from occlusion, especially when informative glyphs are used to represent data instances, potentially obfuscating critical information for the analysis under execution. Different strategies have been devised to address this issue, either producing overlap-free layouts which lack the powerful capabilities of contemporary DR techniques in uncovering interesting data patterns or eliminating overlaps as a post-processing strategy. Despite the good results of post-processing techniques, most of the best methods typically expand or distort the scatterplot area, thus reducing glyphs' size (sometimes) to unreadable dimensions, defeating the purpose of removing overlaps. This paper presents Distance Grid (DGrid), a novel post-processing strategy to remove overlaps from DR layouts that faithfully preserves the original layout's characteristics and bounds the minimum glyph sizes. We show that DGrid surpasses the state-of-the-art in overlap removal (through an extensive comparative evaluation considering multiple different metrics) while also being 2 or 3 orders of magnitude faster for large datasets.

Dataset scaling, also known as normalization, is an essential preprocessing step in a machine learning pipeline. It is aimed at adjusting attributes scales in a way that they all vary within the same range. This transformation is known to improve the performance of classification models, but there are several scaling techniques to choose from, and this choice is not generally done carefully. In this paper, we execute a broad experiment comparing the impact of 5 scaling techniques on the performances of 20 classification algorithms among monolithic and ensemble models, applying them to 82 publicly available datasets with varying imbalance ratios. Results show that the choice of scaling technique matters for classification performance, and the performance difference between the best and the worst scaling technique is relevant and statistically significant in most cases. They also indicate that choosing an inadequate technique can be more detrimental to classification performance than not scaling the data at all. We also show how the performance variation of an ensemble model, considering different scaling techniques, tends to be dictated by that of its base model. Finally, we discuss the relationship between a model's sensitivity to the choice of scaling technique and its performance and provide insights into its applicability on different model deployment scenarios. Full results and source code for the experiments in this paper are available in a GitHub repository.\footnote{https://github.com/amorimlb/scaling\_matters}

Neural machine translation (NMT) has become the de-facto standard in real-world machine translation applications. However, NMT models can unpredictably produce severely pathological translations, known as hallucinations, that seriously undermine user trust. It becomes thus crucial to implement effective preventive strategies to guarantee their proper functioning. In this paper, we address the problem of hallucination detection in NMT by following a simple intuition: as hallucinations are detached from the source content, they exhibit encoder-decoder attention patterns that are statistically different from those of good quality translations. We frame this problem with an optimal transport formulation and propose a fully unsupervised, plug-in detector that can be used with any attention-based NMT model. Experimental results show that our detector not only outperforms all previous model-based detectors, but is also competitive with detectors that employ large models trained on millions of samples.

For conceptual design, engineers rely on conventional iterative (often manual) techniques. Emerging parametric models facilitate design space exploration based on quantifiable performance metrics, yet remain time-consuming and computationally expensive. Pure optimisation methods, however, ignore qualitative aspects (e.g. aesthetics or construction methods). This paper provides a performance-driven design exploration framework to augment the human designer through a Conditional Variational Autoencoder (CVAE), which serves as forward performance predictor for given design features as well as an inverse design feature predictor conditioned on a set of performance requests. The CVAE is trained on 18'000 synthetically generated instances of a pedestrian bridge in Switzerland. Sensitivity analysis is employed for explainability and informing designers about (i) relations of the model between features and/or performances and (ii) structural improvements under user-defined objectives. A case study proved our framework's potential to serve as a future co-pilot for conceptual design studies of pedestrian bridges and beyond.

深度学习已在许多神经影像应用中有效。但是，在许多情况下，捕获与小血管疾病有关的信息的成像序列的数量不足以支持数据驱动的技术。此外，基于队列的研究可能并不总是具有用于准确病变检测的最佳或必需成像序列。因此，有必要确定哪些成像序列对于准确检测至关重要。在这项研究中，我们旨在找到磁共振成像（MRI）序列的最佳组合，以深入基于学习的肿瘤周围空间（EPV）。为此，我们实施了一个有效的轻巧U-NET，适用于EPVS检测，并全面研究了来自易感加权成像（SWI），流体侵入的反转恢复（FLAIR），T1加权（T1W）和T2的不同信息组合 - 加权（T2W）MRI序列。我们得出的结论是，T2W MRI对于准确的EPV检测最为重要，并且在深神经网络中掺入SWI，FLAIR和T1W MRI可能会使精度的提高无关。

安全可靠的自主驾驶堆栈（AD）的设计是我们时代最具挑战性的任务之一。预计这些广告将在具有完全自主权的高度动态环境中驱动，并且比人类更大的可靠性。从这个意义上讲，要高效，安全地浏览任意复杂的流量情景，广告必须具有预测周围参与者的未来轨迹的能力。当前的最新模型通常基于复发，图形和卷积网络，在车辆预测的背景下取得了明显的结果。在本文中，我们探讨了在生成模型进行运动预测中注意力的影响，考虑到物理和社会环境以计算最合理的轨迹。我们首先使用LSTM网络对过去的轨迹进行编码，该网络是计算社会背景的多头自我发言模块的输入。另一方面，我们制定了一个加权插值来计算最后一个观测框中的速度和方向，以便计算可接受的目标点，从HDMAP信息的可驱动的HDMAP信息中提取，这代表了我们的物理环境。最后，我们的发电机的输入是从多元正态分布采样的白噪声矢量，而社会和物理环境则是其条件，以预测可行的轨迹。我们使用Argoverse运动预测基准1.1验证我们的方法，从而实现竞争性的单峰结果。

可见的红外人员重新识别（REID）旨在认识到RGB和IR摄像机网络中的同一个人。一些深度学习（DL）模型已直接纳入了两种模式，以在联合表示空间中区分人。但是，由于RGB和IR模式之间数据分布的较大域转移，因此这个跨模式的REID问题仍然具有挑战性。 ％本文引入了一种新的方法，用于创建中间虚拟域，该域在训练过程中充当两个主要领域（即RGB和IR模式）之间的桥梁。该中间域被视为在测试时间无法获得的特权信息（PI），并允许将此跨模式匹配任务制定为在特权信息（LUPI）下学习的问题。我们设计了一种新方法，以在可见的和红外域之间生成图像，这些方法提供了其他信息，以通过中间域的适应来训练深层REID模型。特别是，通过在训练过程中采用无色和多步三重态损失目标，我们的方法提供了通用的特征表示空间，这些空间对大型可见的红外域移动具有牢固的功能。 ％关于挑战性可见红外REID数据集的实验结果表明，我们提出的方法始终提高匹配的准确性，而在测试时没有任何计算开销。该代码可在：\ href {https://github.com/alehdaghi/cross-modal-re-id-iid-via-lupi} {https://github.com/alehdaghi/alehdaghi/cross-modal-re-re-id-i-id--i- id-i--i- id-id-i--i--via-lupi} { Via-Lupi}