Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich organizations and are frequently kept from the public. As a step towards democratizing this powerful technology, we present BLOOM, a 176B-parameter open-access language model designed and built thanks to a collaboration of hundreds of researchers. BLOOM is a decoder-only Transformer language model that was trained on the ROOTS corpus, a dataset comprising hundreds of sources in 46 natural and 13 programming languages (59 in total). We find that BLOOM achieves competitive performance on a wide variety of benchmarks, with stronger results after undergoing multitask prompted finetuning. To facilitate future research and applications using LLMs, we publicly release our models and code under the Responsible AI License.

膝关节X射线上的膝盖骨关节炎（KOA）的评估是使用总膝关节置换术的中心标准。但是，该评估遭受了不精确的标准，并且读取器间的可变性非常高。对KOA严重性的算法，自动评估可以通过提高其使用的适当性来改善膝盖替代程序的总体结果。我们提出了一种基于深度学习的新型五步算法，以自动从X光片后验（PA）视图对KOA进行评级：（1）图像预处理（2）使用Yolo V3-tiny模型，图像在图像中定位膝关节， （3）使用基于卷积神经网络的分类器对骨关节炎的严重程度进行初步评估，（4）关节分割和关节空间狭窄（JSN）的计算（JSN）和（5），JSN和最初的结合评估确定最终的凯尔格伦法律（KL）得分。此外，通过显示用于进行评估的分割面具，我们的算法与典型的“黑匣子”深度学习分类器相比表现出更高的透明度。我们使用我们机构的两个公共数据集和一个数据集进行了全面的评估，并表明我们的算法达到了最先进的性能。此外，我们还从机构中的多个放射科医生那里收集了评分，并表明我们的算法在放射科医生级别进行。该软件已在https://github.com/maciejmazurowowski/osteoarthitis-classification上公开提供。

解释在人类学习中发挥着相当大的作用，特别是在仍然在形成抽象的主要挑战，以及了解世界的关系和因果结构的地区。在这里，我们探索强化学习代理人是否同样可以从解释中受益。我们概述了一系列关系任务，涉及选择一个在一个集合中奇数一个的对象（即，沿许多可能的特征尺寸之一的唯一）。奇数一张任务要求代理在一组对象中的多维关系上推理。我们展示了代理商不会仅从奖励中学习这些任务，但是当它们也培训以生成语言解释对象属性或选择正确或不正确时，实现> 90％的性能。在进一步的实验中，我们展示了预测的解释如何使代理能够从模糊，因果困难的训练中适当地推广，甚至可以学习执行实验干预以识别因果结构。我们表明解释有助于克服代理人来解决简单特征的趋势，并探讨解释的哪些方面使它们成为最有益的。我们的结果表明，从解释中学习是一种强大的原则，可以为培训更强大和一般机器学习系统提供有希望的道路。

感知，规划，估算和控制的当代方法允许机器人在不确定，非结构化环境中的远程代理中稳健运行。此进度现在创造了机器人不仅在隔离，而且在我们的复杂环境中运行的机器人。意识到这个机会需要一种高效且灵活的媒介，人类可以与协作机器人沟通。自然语言提供了一种这样的媒体，通过对自然语言理解的统计方法的重大进展，现在能够解释各种自由形式命令。然而，大多数当代方法需要机器人环境的详细，现有的空间语义地图，这些环境模拟了话语可能引用的可能引用的空间。因此，当机器人部署在新的，先前未知或部分观察到的环境中时，这些方法发生故障，特别是当环境的心理模型在人类运营商和机器人之间不同时。本文提供了一种新的学习框架的全面描述，允许现场和服务机器人解释并正确执行先验未知，非结构化环境中的自然语言指令。对于我们的方法而不是我们的语言作为“传感器” - 在话语中隐含的“传感器” - 推断的空间，拓扑和语义信息，然后利用这些信息来学习在潜在环境模型上的分布。我们将此分布纳入概率，语言接地模型中，并在机器人的动作空间的象征性表示中推断出分布。我们使用模仿学习来确定对环境和行为分布的原因的信仰空间政策。我们通过各种导航和移动操纵实验评估我们的框架。

The usage of technologically advanced devices has seen a boom in many domains, including education, automation, and healthcare; with most of the services requiring Internet connectivity. To secure a network, device identification plays key role. In this paper, a device fingerprinting (DFP) model, which is able to distinguish between Internet of Things (IoT) and non-IoT devices, as well as uniquely identify individual devices, has been proposed. Four statistical features have been extracted from the consecutive five device-originated packets, to generate individual device fingerprints. The method has been evaluated using the Random Forest (RF) classifier and different datasets. Experimental results have shown that the proposed method achieves up to 99.8% accuracy in distinguishing between IoT and non-IoT devices and over 97.6% in classifying individual devices. These signify that the proposed method is useful in assisting operators in making their networks more secure and robust to security breaches and unauthorized access.

Due to the environmental impacts caused by the construction industry, repurposing existing buildings and making them more energy-efficient has become a high-priority issue. However, a legitimate concern of land developers is associated with the buildings' state of conservation. For that reason, infrared thermography has been used as a powerful tool to characterize these buildings' state of conservation by detecting pathologies, such as cracks and humidity. Thermal cameras detect the radiation emitted by any material and translate it into temperature-color-coded images. Abnormal temperature changes may indicate the presence of pathologies, however, reading thermal images might not be quite simple. This research project aims to combine infrared thermography and machine learning (ML) to help stakeholders determine the viability of reusing existing buildings by identifying their pathologies and defects more efficiently and accurately. In this particular phase of this research project, we've used an image classification machine learning model of Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNN) to differentiate three levels of cracks in one particular building. The model's accuracy was compared between the MSX and thermal images acquired from two distinct thermal cameras and fused images (formed through multisource information) to test the influence of the input data and network on the detection results.

From smoothly pursuing moving objects to rapidly shifting gazes during visual search, humans employ a wide variety of eye movement strategies in different contexts. While eye movements provide a rich window into mental processes, building generative models of eye movements is notoriously difficult, and to date the computational objectives guiding eye movements remain largely a mystery. In this work, we tackled these problems in the context of a canonical spatial planning task, maze-solving. We collected eye movement data from human subjects and built deep generative models of eye movements using a novel differentiable architecture for gaze fixations and gaze shifts. We found that human eye movements are best predicted by a model that is optimized not to perform the task as efficiently as possible but instead to run an internal simulation of an object traversing the maze. This not only provides a generative model of eye movements in this task but also suggests a computational theory for how humans solve the task, namely that humans use mental simulation.

Wearable sensors for measuring head kinematics can be noisy due to imperfect interfaces with the body. Mouthguards are used to measure head kinematics during impacts in traumatic brain injury (TBI) studies, but deviations from reference kinematics can still occur due to potential looseness. In this study, deep learning is used to compensate for the imperfect interface and improve measurement accuracy. A set of one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) models was developed to denoise mouthguard kinematics measurements along three spatial axes of linear acceleration and angular velocity. The denoised kinematics had significantly reduced errors compared to reference kinematics, and reduced errors in brain injury criteria and tissue strain and strain rate calculated via finite element modeling. The 1D-CNN models were also tested on an on-field dataset of college football impacts and a post-mortem human subject dataset, with similar denoising effects observed. The models can be used to improve detection of head impacts and TBI risk evaluation, and potentially extended to other sensors measuring kinematics.

A reduced order model of a generic submarine is presented. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results are used to create and validate a model that includes depth dependence and the effect of waves on the craft. The model and the procedure to obtain its coefficients are discussed, and examples of the data used to obtain the model coefficients are presented. An example of operation following a complex path is presented and results from the reduced order model are compared to those from an equivalent CFD calculation. The controller implemented to complete these maneuvers is also presented.

Speech-centric machine learning systems have revolutionized many leading domains ranging from transportation and healthcare to education and defense, profoundly changing how people live, work, and interact with each other. However, recent studies have demonstrated that many speech-centric ML systems may need to be considered more trustworthy for broader deployment. Specifically, concerns over privacy breaches, discriminating performance, and vulnerability to adversarial attacks have all been discovered in ML research fields. In order to address the above challenges and risks, a significant number of efforts have been made to ensure these ML systems are trustworthy, especially private, safe, and fair. In this paper, we conduct the first comprehensive survey on speech-centric trustworthy ML topics related to privacy, safety, and fairness. In addition to serving as a summary report for the research community, we point out several promising future research directions to inspire the researchers who wish to explore further in this area.