森林是每个国家的重要资产。当它被摧毁时，它可能会对环境产生负面影响，而森林大火是主要原因之一。火灾天气指数被广泛用于测量火灾危险，并用于发出丛林大火警告。它也可以用来预测应急管理资源的需求。传感器网络在数据收集和处理能力方面已越来越受欢迎，用于医疗，环境监测，家庭自动化等行业的各种应用。语义传感器网络可以收集各种气候情况，例如风速，温度和相对湿度。但是，由于处理传感器生成的数据流涉及的各种问题，估计火灾指数构成了挑战。因此，森林火灾检测的重要性日复一日增加。构建了基础语义传感器网络（SSN）本体，以允许开发人员创建用于计算火灾天气指数的规则，并将数据集转换为资源描述框架（RDF）。这项研究描述了制定计算火灾天气指数的规则所涉及的各个步骤。此外，这项工作提供了一个基于Web的映射接口，以帮助用户可视化随着时间的推移，火灾天气指数的变化。在推论规则的帮助下，它使用SSN本体论设计了决策支持系统，并通过SPARQL查询了它。拟议的消防管理系统根据情况采取行动，支持推理和开放世界的一般语义，然后是所有本体论

我们考虑一个多代理网络，其中每个节点具有随机（本地）成本函数，这取决于该节点的决策变量和随机变量，并且进一步的相邻节点的判定变量是成对受约束的。网络具有总体目标函数，其在节点处的本地成本函数的预期值ack，以及网络的总体目标是将该聚合目标函数的最小化解决方案最小化为所有成对约束。这将在节点级别使用分散的信息和本地计算来实现，其中仅具有相邻节点允许的压缩信息的交换。该文件开发算法，并在节点上获得两个不同型号的本地信息可用性模型的性能界限：（i）样本反馈，其中每个节点可以直接访问局部随机变量的样本，以评估其本地成本，（ii）babrit反馈，其中无随机变量的样本不可用，但只有每个节点可用的两个随机点处的本地成本函数的值可用。对于两种模型，具有邻居之间的压缩通信，我们开发了分散的骑马点算法，从没有通信压缩的那些没有不同（符号意义）的表现;具体而言，我们表明，与全局最小值和违反约束的偏差是由$ \ mathcal {o}的大约限制（t ^ { - \ frac {1} {2}}）$和$ \ mathcal {o} （t ^ { - \ frac {1} {4}}）分别为$ t $是迭代次数。本文中提供的数值例子证实了这些界限并证明了所提出的方法的通信效率。

传统上，联邦学习（FL）旨在培训单个全球模型，同时使用多个客户和服务器进行协作。 FL算法面临的两个自然挑战是跨客户的数据中的异质性以及{\ em多样性资源}客户的协作。在这项工作中，我们介绍了\ textit {量化}和\ textit {个性化} fl算法quped，通过\ textit {knowledge蒸馏}（kd）促进集体（个性化模型压缩）培训，这些客户可以访问异物质数据和资源的客户。对于个性化，我们允许客户学习\ textit {压缩个性化模型}，具有不同的量化参数和模型维度/结构。为此，首先，我们提出了一种通过放松的优化问题来学习量化模型的算法，在该问题上也优化了量化值。当每个参与（联合）学习过程的客户对压缩模型（无论是模型维度还是精度）都有不同的要求时，我们通过为当地客户目标引入知识蒸馏损失来制定一个压缩个性化框架，该框架通过全球模型进行协作。我们开发了一个交替的近端梯度更新，以解决此压缩个性化问题，并分析其收敛属性。从数值上讲，我们验证了在各种异质环境中对客户的竞争性个性化方法，FedAvg和本地培训的验证。

张量分解是降低维数和特征多维数据（例如信号）的功能解释的强大工具。现有的张量分解目标（例如Frobenius Norm）旨在根据统计假设拟合原始数据，这可能与下游分类任务不符。在实践中，原始输入张量可以包含无关的信息，而数据增强技术可用于平滑样品中的类近差噪声。本文通过提出增强张量分解（ATD）来解决上述挑战，该张力分解（ATD）有效地纳入了数据增强和自欺欺人的学习（SSL）以增强下游分类。为了解决新的增强目标的非凸度，我们开发了一种迭代方法，使优化能够遵循交替的最小二乘（ALS）时尚。我们在多个数据集上评估了我们的ATD。与基于张量的基准相比，它可以实现0.8％-2.5％的准确性增益。此外，我们的ATD模型在自我监督和自动编码器基准的情况下显示出可比或更好的性能（例如，准确性高达15％），同时使用这些基线模型的少于5％的可学习参数

We introduce Argoverse 2 (AV2) - a collection of three datasets for perception and forecasting research in the self-driving domain. The annotated Sensor Dataset contains 1,000 sequences of multimodal data, encompassing high-resolution imagery from seven ring cameras, and two stereo cameras in addition to lidar point clouds, and 6-DOF map-aligned pose. Sequences contain 3D cuboid annotations for 26 object categories, all of which are sufficiently-sampled to support training and evaluation of 3D perception models. The Lidar Dataset contains 20,000 sequences of unlabeled lidar point clouds and map-aligned pose. This dataset is the largest ever collection of lidar sensor data and supports self-supervised learning and the emerging task of point cloud forecasting. Finally, the Motion Forecasting Dataset contains 250,000 scenarios mined for interesting and challenging interactions between the autonomous vehicle and other actors in each local scene. Models are tasked with the prediction of future motion for "scored actors" in each scenario and are provided with track histories that capture object location, heading, velocity, and category. In all three datasets, each scenario contains its own HD Map with 3D lane and crosswalk geometry - sourced from data captured in six distinct cities. We believe these datasets will support new and existing machine learning research problems in ways that existing datasets do not. All datasets are released under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license.

Object movement identification is one of the most researched problems in the field of computer vision. In this task, we try to classify a pixel as foreground or background. Even though numerous traditional machine learning and deep learning methods already exist for this problem, the two major issues with most of them are the need for large amounts of ground truth data and their inferior performance on unseen videos. Since every pixel of every frame has to be labeled, acquiring large amounts of data for these techniques gets rather expensive. Recently, Zhao et al. [1] proposed one of a kind Arithmetic Distribution Neural Network (ADNN) for universal background subtraction which utilizes probability information from the histogram of temporal pixels and achieves promising results. Building onto this work, we developed an intelligent video surveillance system that uses ADNN architecture for motion detection, trims the video with parts only containing motion, and performs anomaly detection on the trimmed video.

The machine translation mechanism translates texts automatically between different natural languages, and Neural Machine Translation (NMT) has gained attention for its rational context analysis and fluent translation accuracy. However, processing low-resource languages that lack relevant training attributes like supervised data is a current challenge for Natural Language Processing (NLP). We incorporated a technique known Active Learning with the NMT toolkit Joey NMT to reach sufficient accuracy and robust predictions of low-resource language translation. With active learning, a semi-supervised machine learning strategy, the training algorithm determines which unlabeled data would be the most beneficial for obtaining labels using selected query techniques. We implemented two model-driven acquisition functions for selecting the samples to be validated. This work uses transformer-based NMT systems; baseline model (BM), fully trained model (FTM) , active learning least confidence based model (ALLCM), and active learning margin sampling based model (ALMSM) when translating English to Hindi. The Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU) metric has been used to evaluate system results. The BLEU scores of BM, FTM, ALLCM and ALMSM systems are 16.26, 22.56 , 24.54, and 24.20, respectively. The findings in this paper demonstrate that active learning techniques helps the model to converge early and improve the overall quality of the translation system.

We study the problem of planning under model uncertainty in an online meta-reinforcement learning (RL) setting where an agent is presented with a sequence of related tasks with limited interactions per task. The agent can use its experience in each task and across tasks to estimate both the transition model and the distribution over tasks. We propose an algorithm to meta-learn the underlying structure across tasks, utilize it to plan in each task, and upper-bound the regret of the planning loss. Our bound suggests that the average regret over tasks decreases as the number of tasks increases and as the tasks are more similar. In the classical single-task setting, it is known that the planning horizon should depend on the estimated model's accuracy, that is, on the number of samples within task. We generalize this finding to meta-RL and study this dependence of planning horizons on the number of tasks. Based on our theoretical findings, we derive heuristics for selecting slowly increasing discount factors, and we validate its significance empirically.

As language models have grown in parameters and layers, it has become much harder to train and infer with them on single GPUs. This is severely restricting the availability of large language models such as GPT-3, BERT-Large, and many others. A common technique to solve this problem is pruning the network architecture by removing transformer heads, fully-connected weights, and other modules. The main challenge is to discern the important parameters from the less important ones. Our goal is to find strong metrics for identifying such parameters. We thus propose two strategies: Cam-Cut based on the GradCAM interpretations, and Smooth-Cut based on the SmoothGrad, for calculating the importance scores. Through this work, we show that our scoring functions are able to assign more relevant task-based scores to the network parameters, and thus both our pruning approaches significantly outperform the standard weight and gradient-based strategies, especially at higher compression ratios in BERT-based models. We also analyze our pruning masks and find them to be significantly different from the ones obtained using standard metrics.

Neoplasms (NPs) and neurological diseases and disorders (NDDs) are amongst the major classes of diseases underlying deaths of a disproportionate number of people worldwide. To determine if there exist some distinctive features in the local wiring patterns of protein interactions emerging at the onset of a disease belonging to either of these two classes, we examined 112 and 175 protein interaction networks belonging to NPs and NDDs, respectively. Orbit usage profiles (OUPs) for each of these networks were enumerated by investigating the networks' local topology. 56 non-redundant OUPs (nrOUPs) were derived and used as network features for classification between these two disease classes. Four machine learning classifiers, namely, k-nearest neighbour (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), deep neural network (DNN), random forest (RF) were trained on these data. DNN obtained the greatest average AUPRC (0.988) among these classifiers. DNNs developed on node2vec and the proposed nrOUPs embeddings were compared using 5-fold cross validation on the basis of average values of the six of performance measures, viz., AUPRC, Accuracy, Sensitivity, Specificity, Precision and MCC. It was found that nrOUPs based classifier performed better in all of these six performance measures.