热带森林代表了地球上许多物种的动植物的家园,保留了数十亿吨的碳足迹,促进云层和雨水形成,这意味着在全球生态系统中起着至关重要的作用,除了代表无数土著人民的家中。不幸的是,由于森林砍伐或退化,每年丧失数百万公顷的热带森林。为了减轻这一事实,除了预防和惩罚罪犯的公共政策外,还使用了监视和森林砍伐检测计划。这些监视/检测程序通常使用遥感图像,图像处理技术,机器学习方法和专家照片解释来分析,识别和量化森林覆盖的可能变化。几个项目提出了不同的计算方法,工具和模型,以有效地识别最近的森林砍伐区域,从而改善了热带森林中的森林砍伐监测计划。从这个意义上讲,本文提出了基于神经进化技术(整洁)的模式分类器在热带森林森林砍伐检测任务中的使用。此外,已经创建并获得了一个名为E-Neat的新颖框架,并实现了超过$ 90 \%$的分类结果,用于在目标应用中使用极为降低和有限的训练集用于学习分类模型。这些结果代表了本文比较的最佳基线合奏方法的相对增益$ 6.2 \%$
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The field of robotics, and more especially humanoid robotics, has several established competitions with research oriented goals in mind. Challenging the robots in a handful of tasks, these competitions provide a way to gauge the state of the art in robotic design, as well as an indicator for how far we are from reaching human performance. The most notable competitions are RoboCup, which has the long-term goal of competing against a real human team in 2050, and the FIRA HuroCup league, in which humanoid robots have to perform tasks based on actual Olympic events. Having robots compete against humans under the same rules is a challenging goal, and, we believe that it is in the sport of archery that humanoid robots have the most potential to achieve it in the near future. In this work, we perform a first step in this direction. We present a humanoid robot that is capable of gripping, drawing and shooting a recurve bow at a target 10 meters away with considerable accuracy. Additionally, we show that it is also capable of shooting distances of over 50 meters.
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Besides accuracy, recent studies on machine learning models have been addressing the question on how the obtained results can be interpreted. Indeed, while complex machine learning models are able to provide very good results in terms of accuracy even in challenging applications, it is difficult to interpret them. Aiming at providing some interpretability for such models, one of the most famous methods, called SHAP, borrows the Shapley value concept from game theory in order to locally explain the predicted outcome of an instance of interest. As the SHAP values calculation needs previous computations on all possible coalitions of attributes, its computational cost can be very high. Therefore, a SHAP-based method called Kernel SHAP adopts an efficient strategy that approximate such values with less computational effort. In this paper, we also address local interpretability in machine learning based on Shapley values. Firstly, we provide a straightforward formulation of a SHAP-based method for local interpretability by using the Choquet integral, which leads to both Shapley values and Shapley interaction indices. Moreover, we also adopt the concept of $k$-additive games from game theory, which contributes to reduce the computational effort when estimating the SHAP values. The obtained results attest that our proposal needs less computations on coalitions of attributes to approximate the SHAP values.
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Chronic pain is a multi-dimensional experience, and pain intensity plays an important part, impacting the patients emotional balance, psychology, and behaviour. Standard self-reporting tools, such as the Visual Analogue Scale for pain, fail to capture this burden. Moreover, this type of tools is susceptible to a degree of subjectivity, dependent on the patients clear understanding of how to use it, social biases, and their ability to translate a complex experience to a scale. To overcome these and other self-reporting challenges, pain intensity estimation has been previously studied based on facial expressions, electroencephalograms, brain imaging, and autonomic features. However, to the best of our knowledge, it has never been attempted to base this estimation on the patient narratives of the personal experience of chronic pain, which is what we propose in this work. Indeed, in the clinical assessment and management of chronic pain, verbal communication is essential to convey information to physicians that would otherwise not be easily accessible through standard reporting tools, since language, sociocultural, and psychosocial variables are intertwined. We show that language features from patient narratives indeed convey information relevant for pain intensity estimation, and that our computational models can take advantage of that. Specifically, our results show that patients with mild pain focus more on the use of verbs, whilst moderate and severe pain patients focus on adverbs, and nouns and adjectives, respectively, and that these differences allow for the distinction between these three pain classes.
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通用近似定理断言,单个隐藏层神经网络在紧凑型集合上具有任何所需的精度,可以近似连续函数。作为存在的结果,通用近似定理支持在各种应用程序中使用神经网络,包括回归和分类任务。通用近似定理不仅限于实现的神经网络,而且还具有复杂,季节,Tessarines和Clifford值的神经网络。本文扩展了广泛的超复杂性神经网络的通用近似定理。确切地说,我们首先介绍非分类超复杂代数的概念。复数,偶数和苔丝是非分类超复合代数的示例。然后,我们陈述了在非分类代数上定义的超复合值的神经网络的通用近似定理。
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主成分分析(PCA)是信号处理中无处不在的维度降低技术,搜索一个投影矩阵,该矩阵最小化了还原数据集和原始数据集之间的平方误差。由于经典的PCA并非量身定制用于解决与公平性有关的问题,因此其对实际问题的应用可能会导致不同群体的重建错误(例如,男人和女人,白人和黑人等)的差异,并带来可能有害的后果,例如引入偏见对敏感群体。尽管最近提出了几种公平的PCA版本,但在搜索算法中仍然存在基本差距,这些算法足够简单,可以部署在实际系统中。为了解决这个问题,我们提出了一种新颖的PCA算法,该算法通过一个简单的策略来解决公平问题,该策略包括一维搜索,该搜索利用了PCA的封闭形式解决方案。如数值实验所证明的那样,该提案可以通过总体重建误差的损失很小,而无需诉诸复杂的优化方案,从而显着提高公平性。此外,我们的发现在几种真实情况以及在具有不平衡和平衡数据集的情况下是一致的。
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滑坡在陡峭的斜坡上具有破坏性和反复发生的自然灾害,并代表了生命和财产的风险。了解遗物滑坡的位置对于了解其机制,更新库存图并改善风险评估至关重要。但是,在覆盖着雨林植被的热带地区,遗物滑坡映射很复杂。提出了一种新的CNN方法,用于半自动检测遗物滑坡,该检测使用由K均值聚类算法生成的数据集并具有预训练步骤。在预训练中计算的权重用于微调CNN训练过程。使用CBERS-4A WPM图像进行了建议和标准方法之间的比较。使用三个用于语义分割的CNN(U-NET,FPN,Linknet)带有两个增强数据集。总共测试了42种CNN组合。在测试的组合之间,精度和回忆的值非常相似。每种组合的召回率都高于75 \%,但是精度值通常小于20 \%。假阳性(FP)样品被称为这些低精度值的原因。提出的方法的预测更准确,正确检测到更多的滑坡。这项工作表明,在被雨林覆盖的区域发现遗物滑坡存在局限性,这主要与牧场的光谱响应与与\ textit {gleichenella sp。}蕨类植物的森林砍伐区域之间的相似性有关,通常用作lands斑scars的指示。
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用单个机器人手抓住各种大小和形状的各种物体是一项挑战。为了解决这个问题,我们提出了一只名为“ F3手”的新机器人手,受人食指和拇指的复杂运动的启发。 F3手试图通过将平行运动手指和旋转运动手指与自适应功能结合在一起来实现复杂的人类样运动。为了确认我们的手的性能,我们将其附加到移动操纵器 - 丰田人支持机器人(HSR),并进行了掌握实验。在我们的结果中,我们表明它能够掌握所有YCB对象(总共82个),包括外径的垫圈小至6.4mm。我们还构建了一个用于直观操作的系统,并使用3D鼠标掌握了另外24个对象,包括小牙签和纸夹以及大型投手和饼干盒。即使在不精确的控制和位置偏移量下,F3手也能够在抓住98%的成功率方面取得成功率。此外,由于手指的适应性功能,我们展示了F3手的特征,这些特征促进了在理想的姿势中抓住诸如草莓之类的软物体。
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在本章中,我们确定了基本的几何结构,这些几何结构是采样,优化,推理和自适应决策问题的基础。基于此识别,我们得出了利用这些几何结构来有效解决这些问题的算法。我们表明,在这些领域中自然出现了广泛的几何理论,范围从测量过程,信息差异,泊松几何和几何整合。具体而言,我们解释了(i)如何利用汉密尔顿系统的符合性几何形状,使我们能够构建(加速)采样和优化方法,(ii)希尔伯特亚空间和Stein操作员的理论提供了一种通用方法来获得可靠的估计器,(iii)(iii)(iii)保留决策的信息几何形状会产生执行主动推理的自适应剂。在整个过程中,我们强调了这些领域之间的丰富联系。例如,推论借鉴了抽样和优化,并且自适应决策通过推断其反事实后果来评估决策。我们的博览会提供了基本思想的概念概述,而不是技术讨论,可以在本文中的参考文献中找到。
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一种有效的横向传输方法是在一种语言中微调在监督数据集上的双语或多语言模型,并以零拍方式在另一种语言上进行评估。在培训时间或推理时间翻译例子也是可行的替代方案。然而,存在与文献中很少有关的这些方法相关的成本。在这项工作中,我们在其有效性(例如,准确性),开发和部署成本方面分析交叉语言方法,以及推理时间的延迟。我们的三个任务的实验表明最好的交叉方法是高度任务依赖性的。最后,通过结合零射和翻译方法,我们在这项工作中使用的三个数据集中实现了最先进的。基于这些结果,我们对目标语言手动标记的培训数据有所了解。代码和翻译的数据集可在https://github.com/unicamp-dl/cross-lingsual-analysis上获得
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