The cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides 3D volumetric imaging of a target with low radiation dose and cost compared with conventional computed tomography, and it is widely used in the detection of paranasal sinus disease. However, it lacks the sensitivity to detect soft tissue lesions owing to reconstruction constraints. Consequently, only physicians with expertise in CBCT reading can distinguish between inherent artifacts or noise and diseases, restricting the use of this imaging modality. The development of artificial intelligence (AI)-based computer-aided diagnosis methods for CBCT to overcome the shortage of experienced physicians has attracted substantial attention. However, advanced AI-based diagnosis addressing intrinsic noise in CBCT has not been devised, discouraging the practical use of AI solutions for CBCT. To address this issue, we propose an AI-based computer-aided diagnosis method using CBCT with a denoising module. This module is implemented before diagnosis to reconstruct the internal ground-truth full-dose scan corresponding to an input CBCT image and thereby improve the diagnostic performance. The external validation results for the unified diagnosis of sinus fungal ball, chronic rhinosinusitis, and normal cases show that the proposed method improves the micro-, macro-average AUC, and accuracy by 7.4, 5.6, and 9.6% (from 86.2, 87.0, and 73.4 to 93.6, 92.6, and 83.0%), respectively, compared with a baseline while improving human diagnosis accuracy by 11% (from 71.7 to 83.0%), demonstrating technical differentiation and clinical effectiveness. This pioneering study on AI-based diagnosis using CBCT indicates denoising can improve diagnostic performance and reader interpretability in images from the sinonasal area, thereby providing a new approach and direction to radiographic image reconstruction regarding the development of AI-based diagnostic solutions.
translated by 谷歌翻译
大脑磁共振成像(MRI)扫描的自动分割和体积对于诊断帕金森氏病(PD)和帕金森氏症综合症(P-Plus)至关重要。为了提高诊断性能,我们在大脑分割中采用了深度学习(DL)模型,并将其性能与金标准的非DL方法进行了比较。我们收集了健康对照组(n = 105)和PD患者(n = 105),多个全身性萎缩(n = 132)和渐进性超核麻痹(n = 69)的大脑MRI扫描。 2020.使用金标准的非DL模型FreeSurfer(FS),我们对六个脑结构进行了分割:中脑,PON,CAUDATE,CAUDATE,PUTATATE,pALLIDUM和THIRD CNTRICLE,并将其视为DL模型的注释数据,代表性V -net和unet。计算了分化正常,PD和P-Plus病例的曲线下的骰子分数和面积。每位患者六个大脑结构的V-NET和UNETR的分割时间分别为3.48 +-0.17和48.14 +-0.97 s,比FS(15,735 +-1.07 s)快至少300倍。两种DL模型的骰子得分都足够高(> 0.85),它们的疾病分类AUC优于FS。为了分类正常与P-Plus和PD与多个全身性萎缩(小脑型)的分类,DL模型和FS显示出高于0.8的AUC。 DL显着减少了分析时间,而不会损害大脑分割和差异诊断的性能。我们的发现可能有助于在临床环境中采用DL脑MRI分割并提高大脑研究。
translated by 谷歌翻译
How can we accurately identify new memory workloads while classifying known memory workloads? Verifying DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) using various workloads is an important task to guarantee the quality of DRAM. A crucial component in the process is open-set recognition which aims to detect new workloads not seen in the training phase. Despite its importance, however, existing open-set recognition methods are unsatisfactory in terms of accuracy since they fail to exploit the characteristics of workload sequences. In this paper, we propose Acorn, an accurate open-set recognition method capturing the characteristics of workload sequences. Acorn extracts two types of feature vectors to capture sequential patterns and spatial locality patterns in memory access. Acorn then uses the feature vectors to accurately classify a subsequence into one of the known classes or identify it as the unknown class. Experiments show that Acorn achieves state-of-the-art accuracy, giving up to 37% points higher unknown class detection accuracy while achieving comparable known class classification accuracy than existing methods.
translated by 谷歌翻译
A household robot should be able to navigate to target locations without requiring users to first annotate everything in their home. Current approaches to this object navigation challenge do not test on real robots and rely on expensive semantically labeled 3D meshes. In this work, our aim is an agent that builds self-supervised models of the world via exploration, the same as a child might. We propose an end-to-end self-supervised embodied agent that leverages exploration to train a semantic segmentation model of 3D objects, and uses those representations to learn an object navigation policy purely from self-labeled 3D meshes. The key insight is that embodied agents can leverage location consistency as a supervision signal - collecting images from different views/angles and applying contrastive learning to fine-tune a semantic segmentation model. In our experiments, we observe that our framework performs better than other self-supervised baselines and competitively with supervised baselines, in both simulation and when deployed in real houses.
translated by 谷歌翻译
2型糖尿病(T2DM)的早期诊断对于及时的治疗干预措施和生活方式改变至关重要。随着医学成像数据在许多患者群体中变得更广泛可用,我们试图研究是否可以在表格学习分类器模型中利用图像衍生的表型数据来预测T2DM的发病率,而无需使用侵入性血液实验室测量。我们表明,使用图像衍生表型的神经网络和决策树模型都可以预测患者T2DM状态的召回评分高达87.6%。我们还提出了与“ Syntha1c编码器”相同的结构的新颖使用,这些结构能够输出模仿血液血红蛋白A1C经验实验室测量值的可解释值。最后,我们证明了T2DM风险预测模型对输入矢量成分中小扰动的敏感性可用于预测从以前看不见的患者人群中取样的协变量的性能。
translated by 谷歌翻译
占用映射已被广泛用于代表自动驾驶机器人的周围环境,以执行导航和操纵等任务。尽管在2D环境中进行了占用映射,但很少有适合3-D动态占用映射的方法,这对于空中机器人必不可少。本文提出了一种新颖的3-D动态占用映射算法,称为DSK3DOM。我们首先建立了一种贝叶斯方法,以基于随机有限集理论来依次更新占用图作为测量流。然后,我们用Dempster-Shafer域中的粒子近似它,以实现实时计算。此外,该算法将基于内核的推论与Dirichlet基本信念分配相关,以从稀疏测量中实现密集的映射。通过模拟和实际实验证明了所提出算法的功效。
translated by 谷歌翻译
以前的无监督句子嵌入研究集中在数据增强方法上,例如辍学和基于规则的句子转换方法。但是,这些方法限制了控制句子增强观点的细粒语义。这导致监督信号不足以捕获类似句子的语义相似性。在这项工作中,我们发现使用邻居句子可以捕获相似句子之间更准确的语义相似性。基于这一发现,我们提出了RankEncoder,该发现使用了输入句子和语料库中的句子之间的关系来训练无监督的句子编码器。我们从三个角度评估rankencoder:1)语义文本相似性性能,2)相似句子对的功效,以及3)rankencoder的普遍性。实验结果表明,与先前的最新性能相比,Rankencoder达到80.07 \%Spearman的相关性,绝​​对提高了1.1%。在类似的句子对上,改进更加显着,改善了1.73%。另外,我们证明了RankEncoder普遍适用于现有的无监督句子编码器。
translated by 谷歌翻译
在本文中,我们建议利用对话的独特特征,共享参与者的常识性知识,以解决总结它们的困难。我们提出了病态的框架,该框架使用常识推论作为其他背景。与以前仅依赖于输入对话的工作相比,Sick使用外部知识模型来生成丰富的常识推断,并选择具有基于相似性选择方法的最可能的推理。基于生病的,病人++的理解为监督,在总结多任务学习环境中的对话时,添加了产生常识推断的任务。实验结果表明,通过注入常识性知识,我们的框架比现有方法产生更多信息和一致的摘要。
translated by 谷歌翻译
嵌入学习是深度建议模型中的重要技术,可以将分类特征映射到密集的矢量。但是,嵌入表通常需要大量参数,这些参数成为存储和效率瓶颈。已经采用了分布式培训解决方案将嵌入表分配到多个设备中。但是,如果不仔细分区,则嵌入表很容易导致失衡。这是名为“嵌入桌碎片”的分布式系统的重大设计挑战,即,我们应该如何对嵌入表进行分配以平衡跨设备的成本,这是一项非平凡的任务,因为1)很难有效,精确地衡量成本,和2)已知分区问题是NP-HARD。在这项工作中,我们在Meta中介绍了新颖的实践,即Autoshard,该实践使用神经成本模型直接预测多桌成本和利用深度强化学习以解决分区问题。开源的大规模合成数据集和Meta生产数据集的实验结果证明了Autoshard的优越性优于启发式方法。此外,Autoshard的学习政策可以转移到具有不同数量的表和不同表格比率的碎片任务中,而无需进行任何微调。此外,Autoshard可以在几秒钟内有效地将数百张桌子碎片。 Autoshard的有效性,可转移性和效率使其适合生产使用。我们的算法已在元生产环境中部署。可以在https://github.com/daochenzha/autoshard上获得原型
translated by 谷歌翻译
提出了一种表示每个数据集的消化信息的方法,以创新思想的帮助以及试图使用或组合数据集创建有价值的产品,服务和业务模型的数据用户的通信。与通过共享属性(即变量)连接数据集的方法相比,此方法通过在现实世界中应活跃的情况下通过事件,情况或操作连接数据集。该方法反映了每个元数据对特征概念的适应性的考虑,这是预期从数据中获得的信息或知识的摘要;因此,数据的用户获得了适合真实企业和现实生活需求的实践知识,以及将AI技术应用于数据的基础。
translated by 谷歌翻译