视网膜光学相干断层扫描(OCT)图像的自动分割已成为医疗应用机器学习的最新方向。我们假设层的解剖结构及其在OCT图像中的高频变化使视网膜OCT成为提取光谱域特征并将其与空间域特征相结合的合适选择。在这项工作中,我们提出了$ \ upsilon $ -NET,这是一种结合频域特征与图像域的体系结构,以改善OCT图像的分割性能。这项工作的结果表明,引入两个分支,一个用于光谱,一个用于空间域特征,带来了流体分割性能的显着改善,并且与知名的U-NET模型相比,允许表现优于性能。我们的进步是流体分割骰子得分的13%,平均骰子得分为1.9%。最后,删除光谱域中选定的频率范围证明了这些特征对流体分割优于表现的影响。
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医疗图像分割有助于计算机辅助诊断,手术和治疗。数字化组织载玻片图像用于分析和分段腺,核和其他生物标志物,这些标志物进一步用于计算机辅助医疗应用中。为此,许多研究人员开发了不同的神经网络来对组织学图像进行分割,主要是这些网络基于编码器编码器体系结构,并且还利用了复杂的注意力模块或变压器。但是,这些网络不太准确地捕获相关的本地和全局特征,并在多个尺度下具有准确的边界检测,因此,我们提出了一个编码器折叠网络,快速注意模块和多损耗函数(二进制交叉熵(BCE)损失的组合) ,焦点损失和骰子损失)。我们在两个公开可用数据集上评估了我们提出的网络的概括能力,用于医疗图像分割Monuseg和Glas,并胜过最先进的网络,在Monuseg数据集上提高了1.99%的提高,而GLAS数据集则提高了7.15%。实施代码可在此链接上获得:https://bit.ly/histoseg
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光学相干断层扫描(OCT)有助于眼科医生评估黄斑水肿,流体的积累以及微观分辨率的病变。视网膜流体的定量对于OCT引导的治疗管理是必需的,这取决于精确的图像分割步骤。由于对视网膜流体的手动分析是一项耗时,主观和容易出错的任务,因此对快速和健壮的自动解决方案的需求增加了。在这项研究中,提出了一种名为Retifluidnet的新型卷积神经结构,用于多级视网膜流体分割。该模型受益于层次表示使用新的自适应双重注意(SDA)模块的纹理,上下文和边缘特征的学习,多个基于自适应的Skip Connections(SASC)以及一种新颖的多尺度深度自我监督学习(DSL)方案。拟议的SDA模块中的注意机制使该模型能够自动提取不同级别的变形感知表示,并且引入的SASC路径进一步考虑了空间通道相互依存,以串联编码器和解码器单元,从而提高了表示能力。还使用包含加权版本的骰子重叠和基于边缘的连接损失的联合损失函数进行了优化的retifluidnet,其中将多尺度局部损失的几个分层阶段集成到优化过程中。该模型根据三个公开可用数据集进行验证:润饰,Optima和Duke,并与几个基线进行了比较。数据集的实验结果证明了在视网膜OCT分割中提出的模型的有效性,并揭示了建议的方法比现有的最新流体分割算法更有效,以适应各种图像扫描仪器记录的视网膜OCT扫描。
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Deep learning has made a breakthrough in medical image segmentation in recent years due to its ability to extract high-level features without the need for prior knowledge. In this context, U-Net is one of the most advanced medical image segmentation models, with promising results in mammography. Despite its excellent overall performance in segmenting multimodal medical images, the traditional U-Net structure appears to be inadequate in various ways. There are certain U-Net design modifications, such as MultiResUNet, Connected-UNets, and AU-Net, that have improved overall performance in areas where the conventional U-Net architecture appears to be deficient. Following the success of UNet and its variants, we have presented two enhanced versions of the Connected-UNets architecture: ConnectedUNets+ and ConnectedUNets++. In ConnectedUNets+, we have replaced the simple skip connections of Connected-UNets architecture with residual skip connections, while in ConnectedUNets++, we have modified the encoder-decoder structure along with employing residual skip connections. We have evaluated our proposed architectures on two publicly available datasets, the Curated Breast Imaging Subset of Digital Database for Screening Mammography (CBIS-DDSM) and INbreast.
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精确分割器官 - 危险(OARS)是优化放射治疗计划的先驱。现有的基于深度学习的多尺度融合体系结构已显示出2D医疗图像分割的巨大能力。他们成功的关键是汇总全球环境并保持高分辨率表示。但是,当转化为3D分割问题时,由于其大量的计算开销和大量数据饮食,现有的多尺度融合体系结构可能表现不佳。为了解决此问题,我们提出了一个新的OAR分割框架,称为Oarfocalfusenet,该框架融合了多尺度功能,并采用焦点调制来捕获多个尺度的全局本地上下文。每个分辨率流都具有来自不同分辨率量表的特征,并且多尺度信息汇总到模型多样化的上下文范围。结果,功能表示将进一步增强。在我们的实验设置中与OAR分割以及多器官分割的全面比较表明,我们提出的Oarfocalfusenet在公开可用的OpenKBP数据集和Synapse Multi-Organ细分方面的最新最新方法优于最新的最新方法。在标准评估指标方面,提出的两种方法(3D-MSF和Oarfocalfusenet)均表现出色。我们的最佳性能方法(Oarfocalfusenet)在OpenKBP数据集上获得的骰子系数为0.7995,Hausdorff的距离为5.1435,而Synapse Multi-Organ分段数据集则获得了0.8137的骰子系数。
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U-Net and its extensions have achieved great success in medical image segmentation. However, due to the inherent local characteristics of ordinary convolution operations, U-Net encoder cannot effectively extract global context information. In addition, simple skip connections cannot capture salient features. In this work, we propose a fully convolutional segmentation network (CMU-Net) which incorporates hybrid convolutions and multi-scale attention gate. The ConvMixer module extracts global context information by mixing features at distant spatial locations. Moreover, the multi-scale attention gate emphasizes valuable features and achieves efficient skip connections. We evaluate the proposed method using both breast ultrasound datasets and a thyroid ultrasound image dataset; and CMU-Net achieves average Intersection over Union (IoU) values of 73.27% and 84.75%, and F1 scores of 84.81% and 91.71%. The code is available at https://github.com/FengheTan9/CMU-Net.
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准确的视网膜血管分割是许多计算机辅助诊断系统的重要任务。然而,由于眼睛的复杂血管结构,它仍然是一个具有挑战性的问题。最近提出了许多血管分割方法,但需要更多的研究来处理薄薄和微小血管的细分。为了解决这个问题,我们提出了一种新的深度学习管道,结合了残留致密净块的效率以及剩余挤压和励磁块。我们在实验上验证了我们在三个数据集中的方法,并表明我们的管道优于最新的现有技术,以评估小血管的捕获度量相关的敏感度量。
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Transformer-based models have been widely demonstrated to be successful in computer vision tasks by modelling long-range dependencies and capturing global representations. However, they are often dominated by features of large patterns leading to the loss of local details (e.g., boundaries and small objects), which are critical in medical image segmentation. To alleviate this problem, we propose a Dual-Aggregation Transformer Network called DuAT, which is characterized by two innovative designs, namely, the Global-to-Local Spatial Aggregation (GLSA) and Selective Boundary Aggregation (SBA) modules. The GLSA has the ability to aggregate and represent both global and local spatial features, which are beneficial for locating large and small objects, respectively. The SBA module is used to aggregate the boundary characteristic from low-level features and semantic information from high-level features for better preserving boundary details and locating the re-calibration objects. Extensive experiments in six benchmark datasets demonstrate that our proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art methods in the segmentation of skin lesion images, and polyps in colonoscopy images. In addition, our approach is more robust than existing methods in various challenging situations such as small object segmentation and ambiguous object boundaries.
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卷积神经网络(CNN)的深度学习体系结构在计算机视野领域取得了杰出的成功。 CNN构建的编码器架构U-Net在生物医学图像分割方面取得了重大突破,并且已在各种实用的情况下应用。但是,编码器部分中每个下采样层和简单堆积的卷积的平等设计不允许U-NET从不同深度提取足够的特征信息。医学图像的复杂性日益增加为现有方法带来了新的挑战。在本文中,我们提出了一个更深层,更紧凑的分裂注意U形网络(DCSAU-NET),该网络有效地利用了基于两个新颖框架的低级和高级语义信息:主要功能保护和紧凑的分裂注意力堵塞。我们评估了CVC-ClinicDB,2018 Data Science Bowl,ISIC-2018和SEGPC-2021数据集的建议模型。结果,DCSAU-NET在联合(MIOU)和F1-SOCRE的平均交点方面显示出比其他最先进的方法(SOTA)方法更好的性能。更重要的是,提出的模型在具有挑战性的图像上表现出了出色的细分性能。我们的工作代码以及更多技术细节,请访问https://github.com/xq141839/dcsau-net。
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计算机断层扫描(CT)图像中腹部器官的自动分割可以支持放射治疗和图像引导的手术工作流程。这种自动解决方案的开发仍然挑战,主要是由于CT图像中的复杂器官相互作用和模糊边界。为了解决这些问题,我们专注于有效的空间上下文建模和显式边缘分段前提。因此,我们提出了一个3D网络,其中四个主要组件训练了端到端,包括共享编码器,边缘检测器,具有边缘跳过连接的解码器(ESC)和复制特征传播头(RFP-head)。为了捕获宽范围的空间依赖性,RFP-磁头通过以有效的切片方式配制的定向非循环图(DAG)传播和收集局部特征,以高效的切片方式,关于图像单元的空间排列。为了利用边缘信息,边缘探测器通过利用边缘监控来学习专门针对语义分割专门调整的边缘知识。然后,ESC通过多级解码器特征聚合边缘知识,以学习判别特征的层次结构明确地建模器官内部和边缘之间的互补性进行分割。我们对具有八个带电器官的两个挑战性腹部CT数据集进行了广泛的实验。实验结果表明,所提出的网络优于几种最先进的模型,特别是对于小而复杂的结构(胆囊,食道,胃,胰腺和十二指肠)的分割。该代码将公开。
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深度学习已被广​​泛用于医学图像分割,并且录制了录制了该领域深度学习的成功的大量论文。在本文中,我们使用深层学习技术对医学图像分割的全面主题调查。本文进行了两个原创贡献。首先,与传统调查相比,直接将深度学习的文献分成医学图像分割的文学,并为每组详细介绍了文献,我们根据从粗略到精细的多级结构分类目前流行的文献。其次,本文侧重于监督和弱监督的学习方法,而不包括无监督的方法,因为它们在许多旧调查中引入而且他们目前不受欢迎。对于监督学习方法,我们分析了三个方面的文献:骨干网络的选择,网络块的设计,以及损耗功能的改进。对于虚弱的学习方法,我们根据数据增强,转移学习和交互式分割进行调查文献。与现有调查相比,本调查将文献分类为比例不同,更方便读者了解相关理由,并将引导他们基于深度学习方法思考医学图像分割的适当改进。
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随着深度学习方法的进步,如深度卷积神经网络,残余神经网络,对抗网络的进步。 U-Net架构最广泛利用生物医学图像分割,以解决目标区域或子区域的识别和检测的自动化。在最近的研究中,基于U-Net的方法在不同应用中显示了最先进的性能,以便在脑肿瘤,肺癌,阿尔茨海默,乳腺癌等疾病的早期诊断和治疗中发育计算机辅助诊断系统等,使用各种方式。本文通过描述U-Net框架来提出这些方法的成功,然后通过执行1)型号的U-Net变体进行综合分析,2)模特内分类,建立更好的见解相关的挑战和解决方案。此外,本文还强调了基于U-Net框架在持续的大流行病,严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-COV-2)中的贡献也称为Covid-19。最后,分析了这些U-Net变体的优点和相似性以及生物医学图像分割所涉及的挑战,以发现该领域的未来未来的研究方向。
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计算机辅助医学图像分割已广泛应用于诊断和治疗,以获得靶器官和组织的形状和体积的临床有用信息。在过去的几年中,基于卷积神经网络(CNN)的方法(例如,U-Net)占主导地位,但仍遭受了不足的远程信息捕获。因此,最近的工作提出了用于医学图像分割任务的计算机视觉变压器变体,并获得了有希望的表现。这种变压器通过计算配对贴片关系来模拟远程依赖性。然而,它们促进了禁止的计算成本,尤其是在3D医学图像(例如,CT和MRI)上。在本文中,我们提出了一种称为扩张变压器的新方法,该方法在本地和全球范围内交替捕获的配对贴片关系进行自我关注。灵感来自扩张卷积核,我们以扩张的方式进行全球自我关注,扩大接收领域而不增加所涉及的斑块,从而降低计算成本。基于这种扩展变压器的设计,我们构造了一个用于3D医学图像分割的U形编码器解码器分层体系结构。 Synapse和ACDC数据集的实验表明,我们的D-Ager Model从头开始培训,以低计算成本从划痕训练,优于各种竞争力的CNN或基于变压器的分段模型,而不耗时的每训练过程。
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新的SARS-COV-2大流行病也被称为Covid-19一直在全世界蔓延,导致生活猖獗。诸如CT,X射线等的医学成像在通过呈现器官功能的视觉表示来诊断患者时起着重要作用。然而,对于任何分析这种扫描的放射科学家是一种乏味且耗时的任务。新兴的深度学习技术展示了它的优势,在分析诸如Covid-19等疾病和病毒的速度更快的诊断中有助于帮助。在本文中,提出了一种基于自动化的基于深度学习的模型CoVID-19层级分割网络(CHS-Net),其用作语义层次分段器,以通过使用两个级联的CT医学成像来识别来自肺轮廓的Covid-19受感染的区域剩余注意力撤销U-NET(RAIU-Net)模型。 Raiu-net包括具有频谱空间和深度关注网络(SSD)的剩余成立U-Net模型,该网络(SSD)是由深度可分离卷积和混合池(MAX和频谱池)的收缩和扩展阶段开发的,以有效地编码和解码语义和不同的分辨率信息。 CHS-NET接受了分割损失函数的培训,该损失函数是二进制交叉熵损失和骰子损失的平均值,以惩罚假阴性和假阳性预测。将该方法与最近提出的方法进行比较,并使用标准度量评估,如准确性,精度,特异性,召回,骰子系数和jaccard相似度以及与Gradcam ++和不确定性地图的模型预测的可视化解释。随着广泛的试验,观察到所提出的方法优于最近提出的方法,并有效地将Covid-19受感染的地区进行肺部。
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前列腺癌是美国男性癌症死亡的第二大原因。前列腺MRI的诊断通常依赖于准确的前列腺区域分割。但是,最新的自动分割方法通常无法产生前列腺区域的含有良好的体积分割,因为某些切片的前列腺MRI(例如碱基和顶点片)比其他切片更难分割。可以通过考虑相邻切片之间的跨片段关系来克服这一困难,但是当前的方法不能完全学习和利用这种关系。在本文中,我们提出了一种新型的跨板夹心注意机制,我们在变压器模块中使用该机制,以系统地学习不同尺度的跨斜纹关系。该模块可以在任何基于Skip Connections的现有基于学习的细分框架中使用。实验表明,我们的跨板块注意力能够捕获前列腺区域分割中的跨板片信息,并提高当前最新方法的性能。我们的方法提高了外围区域的分割精度,从而使所有前列腺切片(Apex,Mid-Gland和Base)的分割结果保持一致。
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深度学习技术的进步为生物医学图像分析应用产生了巨大的贡献。随着乳腺癌是女性中最致命的疾病,早期检测是提高生存能力的关键手段。如超声波的医学成像呈现出色器官功能的良好视觉表现;然而,对于任何分析这种扫描的放射科学家,这种扫描是挑战和耗时,这延迟了诊断过程。虽然提出了各种深度学习的方法,但是通过乳房超声成像介绍了具有最有效的残余交叉空间关注引导u-Net(RCA-IUnet)模型的最小训练参数,以进一步改善肿瘤分割不同肿瘤尺寸的分割性能。 RCA-IUNET模型跟随U-Net拓扑,剩余初始化深度可分离卷积和混合池(MAX池和光谱池)层。此外,添加了交叉空间注意滤波器以抑制无关的特征并专注于目标结构。建议模型的分割性能在使用标准分割评估指标的两个公共数据集上验证,其中它表现出其他最先进的分段模型。
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Recently, due to the increasing requirements of medical imaging applications and the professional requirements of annotating medical images, few-shot learning has gained increasing attention in the medical image semantic segmentation field. To perform segmentation with limited number of labeled medical images, most existing studies use Proto-typical Networks (PN) and have obtained compelling success. However, these approaches overlook the query image features extracted from the proposed representation network, failing to preserving the spatial connection between query and support images. In this paper, we propose a novel self-supervised few-shot medical image segmentation network and introduce a novel Cycle-Resemblance Attention (CRA) module to fully leverage the pixel-wise relation between query and support medical images. Notably, we first line up multiple attention blocks to refine more abundant relation information. Then, we present CRAPNet by integrating the CRA module with a classic prototype network, where pixel-wise relations between query and support features are well recaptured for segmentation. Extensive experiments on two different medical image datasets, e.g., abdomen MRI and abdomen CT, demonstrate the superiority of our model over existing state-of-the-art methods.
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Image segmentation is a key topic in image processing and computer vision with applications such as scene understanding, medical image analysis, robotic perception, video surveillance, augmented reality, and image compression, among many others. Various algorithms for image segmentation have been developed in the literature. Recently, due to the success of deep learning models in a wide range of vision applications, there has been a substantial amount of works aimed at developing image segmentation approaches using deep learning models. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive review of the literature at the time of this writing, covering a broad spectrum of pioneering works for semantic and instance-level segmentation, including fully convolutional pixel-labeling networks, encoder-decoder architectures, multi-scale and pyramid based approaches, recurrent networks, visual attention models, and generative models in adversarial settings. We investigate the similarity, strengths and challenges of these deep learning models, examine the most widely used datasets, report performances, and discuss promising future research directions in this area.
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自动化的腹部多器官分割是计算机辅助诊断腹部器官相关疾病的至关重要但具有挑战性的任务。尽管许多深度学习模型在许多医学图像分割任务中取得了显着的成功,但由于腹部器官的不同大小以及它们之间的含糊界限,腹部器官的准确分割仍然具有挑战性。在本文中,我们提出了一个边界感知网络(BA-NET),以分段CT扫描和MRI扫描进行腹部器官。该模型包含共享编码器,边界解码器和分割解码器。两个解码器都采用了多尺度的深度监督策略,这可以减轻可变器官尺寸引起的问题。边界解码器在每个量表上产生的边界概率图被用作提高分割特征图的注意。我们评估了腹部多器官细分(AMOS)挑战数据集的BA-NET,并获得了CT扫描的多器官分割的平均骰子分数为89.29 $ \%$,平均骰子得分为71.92 $ \%$ \%$ \% MRI扫描。结果表明,在两个分割任务上,BA-NET优于NNUNET。
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Segmentation of lung tissue in computed tomography (CT) images is a precursor to most pulmonary image analysis applications. Semantic segmentation methods using deep learning have exhibited top-tier performance in recent years. This paper presents a fully automatic method for identifying the lungs in three-dimensional (3D) pulmonary CT images, which we call it Lung-Net. We conjectured that a significant deeper network with inceptionV3 units can achieve a better feature representation of lung CT images without increasing the model complexity in terms of the number of trainable parameters. The method has three main advantages. First, a U-Net architecture with InceptionV3 blocks is developed to resolve the problem of performance degradation and parameter overload. Then, using information from consecutive slices, a new data structure is created to increase generalization potential, allowing more discriminating features to be extracted by making data representation as efficient as possible. Finally, the robustness of the proposed segmentation framework was quantitatively assessed using one public database to train and test the model (LUNA16) and two public databases (ISBI VESSEL12 challenge and CRPF dataset) only for testing the model; each database consists of 700, 23, and 40 CT images, respectively, that were acquired with a different scanner and protocol. Based on the experimental results, the proposed method achieved competitive results over the existing techniques with Dice coefficient of 99.7, 99.1, and 98.8 for LUNA16, VESSEL12, and CRPF datasets, respectively. For segmenting lung tissue in CT images, the proposed model is efficient in terms of time and parameters and outperforms other state-of-the-art methods. Additionally, this model is publicly accessible via a graphical user interface.
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