在本文中，我们提出了一种新颖的注释和评估方案，以进行视觉识别。与传统设置不同，该协议不需要标签/算法就可以立即注释/识别所有目标（对象，零件等），而是提出了许多识别说明，并且该算法通过请求识别目标。这种机制带来了两种有益的特性来减轻注释负担，即（i）可变粒度：不同的情况可以具有不同级别的注释，尤其是对象部分只能在大而清晰的实例中标记，（ii）被打开（ii） - 域：可以将新概念以最低的成本添加到数据库中。为了处理提出的设置，我们维护知识库并设计一个基于查询的视觉识别框架，该框架可以根据请求直接构建查询。我们在两个混合注销的数据集（CPP和ADE20K）上评估了识别系统，并演示了其从部分标记的数据中学习的有希望的能力，以及仅使用文本标签来适应新概念。

Panoptic Part Segmentation (PPS) unifies panoptic segmentation and part segmentation into one task. Previous works utilize separated approaches to handle thing, stuff, and part predictions without shared computation and task association. We aim to unify these tasks at the architectural level, designing the first end-to-end unified framework named Panoptic-PartFormer. Moreover, we find the previous metric PartPQ biases to PQ. To handle both issues, we make the following contributions: Firstly, we design a meta-architecture that decouples part feature and things/stuff feature, respectively. We model things, stuff, and parts as object queries and directly learn to optimize all three forms of prediction as a unified mask prediction and classification problem. We term our model as Panoptic-PartFormer. Secondly, we propose a new metric Part-Whole Quality (PWQ) to better measure such task from both pixel-region and part-whole perspectives. It can also decouple the error for part segmentation and panoptic segmentation. Thirdly, inspired by Mask2Former, based on our meta-architecture, we propose Panoptic-PartFormer++ and design a new part-whole cross attention scheme to further boost part segmentation qualities. We design a new part-whole interaction method using masked cross attention. Finally, the extensive ablation studies and analysis demonstrate the effectiveness of both Panoptic-PartFormer and Panoptic-PartFormer++. Compared with previous Panoptic-PartFormer, our Panoptic-PartFormer++ achieves 2% PartPQ and 3% PWQ improvements on the Cityscapes PPS dataset and 5% PartPQ on the Pascal Context PPS dataset. On both datasets, Panoptic-PartFormer++ achieves new state-of-the-art results with a significant cost drop of 70% on GFlops and 50% on parameters. Our models can serve as a strong baseline and aid future research in PPS. Code will be available.

We present X-Decoder, a generalized decoding model that can predict pixel-level segmentation and language tokens seamlessly. X-Decodert takes as input two types of queries: (i) generic non-semantic queries and (ii) semantic queries induced from text inputs, to decode different pixel-level and token-level outputs in the same semantic space. With such a novel design, X-Decoder is the first work that provides a unified way to support all types of image segmentation and a variety of vision-language (VL) tasks. Further, our design enables seamless interactions across tasks at different granularities and brings mutual benefits by learning a common and rich pixel-level visual-semantic understanding space, without any pseudo-labeling. After pretraining on a mixed set of a limited amount of segmentation data and millions of image-text pairs, X-Decoder exhibits strong transferability to a wide range of downstream tasks in both zero-shot and finetuning settings. Notably, it achieves (1) state-of-the-art results on open-vocabulary segmentation and referring segmentation on eight datasets; (2) better or competitive finetuned performance to other generalist and specialist models on segmentation and VL tasks; and (3) flexibility for efficient finetuning and novel task composition (e.g., referring captioning and image editing). Code, demo, video, and visualization are available at https://x-decoder-vl.github.io.

In this paper, we propose a unified panoptic segmentation network (UPSNet) for tackling the newly proposed panoptic segmentation task. On top of a single backbone residual network, we first design a deformable convolution based semantic segmentation head and a Mask R-CNN style instance segmentation head which solve these two subtasks simultaneously. More importantly, we introduce a parameter-free panoptic head which solves the panoptic segmentation via pixel-wise classification. It first leverages the logits from the previous two heads and then innovatively expands the representation for enabling prediction of an extra unknown class which helps better resolve the conflicts between semantic and instance segmentation. Additionally, it handles the challenge caused by the varying number of instances and permits back propagation to the bottom modules in an end-to-end manner. Extensive experimental results on Cityscapes, COCO and our internal dataset demonstrate that our UPSNet achieves stateof-the-art performance with much faster inference. Code has been made available at: https://github.com/ uber-research/UPSNet. * Equal contribution.† This work was done when Hengshuang Zhao was an intern at Uber ATG.

Semantic understanding of visual scenes is one of the holy grails of computer vision. Despite efforts of the community in data collection, there are still few image datasets covering a wide range of scenes and object categories with pixel-wise annotations for scene understanding. In this work, we present a densely annotated dataset ADE20K, which spans diverse annotations of scenes, objects, parts of objects, and in some cases even parts of parts. Totally there are 25k images of the complex everyday scenes containing a variety of objects in their natural spatial context. On average there are 19.5 instances and 10.5 object classes per image. Based on ADE20K, we construct benchmarks for scene parsing and instance segmentation. We provide baseline performances on both of the benchmarks and re-implement the state-ofthe-art models for open source. We further evaluate the effect of synchronized batch normalization and find that a reasonably large batch size is crucial for the semantic segmentation performance. We show that the networks trained on ADE20K are able to segment a wide variety of scenes and objects 1 .

我们设计了一个开放式图像分割模型，以将图像组织到任意文本指示的有意义区域中。最近的作品（剪辑和对齐），尽管使用图像级字幕标签获得了令人印象深刻的开放式摄氏分类精度，但仍无法用像素分段视觉概念。我们认为这些模型错过了视觉分组的重要步骤，该模型在学习视觉语义对齐之前将像素组织成小组。我们建议OpenSeg解决上述问题，同时仍利用可扩展的图像级标题监督。首先，它学会了为可能的组织提出细分面具。然后，它通过将标题中的每个单词与一个或几个预测的面具对齐来学习视觉语义对齐。我们发现蒙版表示是支持字幕学习图像分割的关键，从而可以扩大数据集和词汇大小。 OpenSeg大大优于pascal数据集上LSEG最近的开放式LSEG +19.9 MIOU的开放式方法。

全景部分分割（PPS）旨在将泛型分割和部分分割统一为一个任务。先前的工作主要利用分离的方法来处理事物，物品和部分预测，而无需执行任何共享的计算和任务关联。在这项工作中，我们旨在将这些任务统一在架构层面上，设计第一个名为Panoptic-Partformer的端到端统一方法。特别是，由于视觉变压器的最新进展，我们将事物，内容和部分建模为对象查询，并直接学会优化所有三个预测作为统一掩码的预测和分类问题。我们设计了一个脱钩的解码器，以分别生成零件功能和事物/东西功能。然后，我们建议利用所有查询和相应的特征共同执行推理。最终掩码可以通过查询和相应特征之间的内部产品获得。广泛的消融研究和分析证明了我们框架的有效性。我们的全景局势群体在CityScapes PPS和Pascal Context PPS数据集上实现了新的最新结果，至少有70％的GFLOPS和50％的参数降低。特别是，在Pascal上下文PPS数据集上采用SWIN Transformer后，我们可以通过RESNET50骨干链和10％的改进获得3.4％的相对改进。据我们所知，我们是第一个通过\ textit {统一和端到端变压器模型来解决PPS问题的人。鉴于其有效性和概念上的简单性，我们希望我们的全景贡献者能够充当良好的基准，并帮助未来的PPS统一研究。我们的代码和型号可在https://github.com/lxtgh/panoptic-partformer上找到。

We present PartNet: a consistent, large-scale dataset of 3D objects annotated with fine-grained, instance-level, and hierarchical 3D part information. Our dataset consists of 573,585 part instances over 26,671 3D models covering 24 object categories. This dataset enables and serves as a catalyst for many tasks such as shape analysis, dynamic 3D scene modeling and simulation, affordance analysis, and others. Using our dataset, we establish three benchmarking tasks for evaluating 3D part recognition: fine-grained semantic segmentation, hierarchical semantic segmentation, and instance segmentation. We benchmark four state-ofthe-art 3D deep learning algorithms for fine-grained semantic segmentation and three baseline methods for hierarchical semantic segmentation. We also propose a novel method for part instance segmentation and demonstrate its superior performance over existing methods.

最近的进展表明，使用对比图像文本对的大规模预训练可以是从自然语言监督的高质量视觉表演学习的有前途的替代方案。从更广泛的监督来源受益，这种新的范例展示了对下游分类任务和数据集的令人印象深刻的可转移性。然而，从图像文本对中学习的知识转移到更复杂的密集预测任务的问题几乎没有访问过。在这项工作中，我们通过隐式和明确地利用来自剪辑的预先训练的知识来提出了一种新的密集预测框架。具体地，我们将剪辑中的原始图像文本匹配问题转换为像素文本匹配问题，并使用像素文本分数图来指导致密预测模型的学习。通过进一步使用图像中的上下文信息来提示语言模型，我们能够促进我们的模型来更好地利用预先接受训练的知识。我们的方法是模型 - 不可行的，它可以应用于任意密集的预测系统和各种预先训练的视觉底座，包括夹模型和想象成预先训练的模型。广泛的实验证明了我们对语义分割，对象检测和实例分段任务的方法的卓越性能。代码可在https://github.com/raoyongming/denseclip获得

The recently introduced panoptic segmentation task has renewed our community's interest in unifying the tasks of instance segmentation (for thing classes) and semantic segmentation (for stuff classes). However, current state-ofthe-art methods for this joint task use separate and dissimilar networks for instance and semantic segmentation, without performing any shared computation. In this work, we aim to unify these methods at the architectural level, designing a single network for both tasks. Our approach is to endow Mask R-CNN, a popular instance segmentation method, with a semantic segmentation branch using a shared Feature Pyramid Network (FPN) backbone. Surprisingly, this simple baseline not only remains effective for instance segmentation, but also yields a lightweight, topperforming method for semantic segmentation. In this work, we perform a detailed study of this minimally extended version of Mask R-CNN with FPN, which we refer to as Panoptic FPN, and show it is a robust and accurate baseline for both tasks. Given its effectiveness and conceptual simplicity, we hope our method can serve as a strong baseline and aid future research in panoptic segmentation.

为视频中的每个像素分配语义类和跟踪身份的任务称为视频Panoptic分段。我们的工作是第一个在真实世界中瞄准这项任务，需要在空间和时间域中的密集解释。由于此任务的地面真理难以获得，但是，现有数据集是合成构造的或仅在短视频剪辑中稀疏地注释。为了克服这一点，我们介绍了一个包含两个数据集，Kitti-Step和Motchallenge步骤的新基准。数据集包含长视频序列，提供具有挑战性的示例和用于研究长期像素精确分割和在真实条件下跟踪的测试床。我们进一步提出了一种新的评估度量分割和跟踪质量（STQ），其相当余额平衡该任务的语义和跟踪方面，并且更适合评估任意长度的序列。最后，我们提供了几个基线来评估此新具有挑战性数据集的现有方法的状态。我们已将我们的数据集，公制，基准服务器和基准公开提供，并希望这将激发未来的研究。

In this work, we introduce Panoptic-DeepLab, a simple, strong, and fast system for panoptic segmentation, aiming to establish a solid baseline for bottom-up methods that can achieve comparable performance of two-stage methods while yielding fast inference speed. In particular, Panoptic-DeepLab adopts the dual-ASPP and dual-decoder structures specific to semantic, and instance segmentation, respectively. The semantic segmentation branch is the same as the typical design of any semantic segmentation model (e.g., DeepLab), while the instance segmentation branch is class-agnostic, involving a simple instance center regression. As a result, our single Panoptic-DeepLab simultaneously ranks first at all three Cityscapes benchmarks, setting the new state-of-art of 84.2% mIoU, 39.0% AP, and 65.5% PQ on test set. Additionally, equipped with MobileNetV3, Panoptic-DeepLab runs nearly in real-time with a single 1025 × 2049 image (15.8 frames per second), while achieving a competitive performance on Cityscapes (54.1 PQ% on test set). On Mapillary Vistas test set, our ensemble of six models attains 42.7% PQ, outperforming the challenge winner in 2018 by a healthy margin of 1.5%. Finally, our Panoptic-DeepLab also performs on par with several topdown approaches on the challenging COCO dataset. For the first time, we demonstrate a bottom-up approach could deliver state-of-the-art results on panoptic segmentation.

我们介绍了一个新的图像分段任务，称为实体分段（ES），该任务旨在在不预测其语义标签的情况下划分图像中的所有视觉实体（对象和填充）。通过删除类标签预测的需要，对此类任务培训的模型可以更多地关注提高分割质量。它具有许多实际应用，例如图像操纵和编辑，其中分割掩模的质量至关重要，但类标签不太重要。我们通过统一的方式调查第一次研究，以调查卷大中心的代表对分割事物和东西的可行性，并显示这种代表在es的背景下非常好。更具体地说，我们提出了一种类似的完全卷积的架构，具有两种新颖的模块，专门设计用于利用es的类无话和非重叠要求。实验表明，在分割质量方面设计和培训的模型显着优于流行的专用Panoptic分段模型。此外，可以在多个数据集的组合中容易地培训ES模型，而无需解决数据集合并中的标签冲突，并且在一个或多个数据集中培训的模型可以概括到未经看管域的其他测试数据集。代码已在https://github.com/dvlab-research/entity发布。

In this work, we focus on instance-level open vocabulary segmentation, intending to expand a segmenter for instance-wise novel categories without mask annotations. We investigate a simple yet effective framework with the help of image captions, focusing on exploiting thousands of object nouns in captions to discover instances of novel classes. Rather than adopting pretrained caption models or using massive caption datasets with complex pipelines, we propose an end-to-end solution from two aspects: caption grounding and caption generation. In particular, we devise a joint Caption Grounding and Generation (CGG) framework based on a Mask Transformer baseline. The framework has a novel grounding loss that performs explicit and implicit multi-modal feature alignments. We further design a lightweight caption generation head to allow for additional caption supervision. We find that grounding and generation complement each other, significantly enhancing the segmentation performance for novel categories. We conduct extensive experiments on the COCO dataset with two settings: Open Vocabulary Instance Segmentation (OVIS) and Open Set Panoptic Segmentation (OSPS). The results demonstrate the superiority of our CGG framework over previous OVIS methods, achieving a large improvement of 6.8% mAP on novel classes without extra caption data. Our method also achieves over 15% PQ improvements for novel classes on the OSPS benchmark under various settings.

现有的研究解决场景图生成（SGG） - 图像中场景理解的关键技术 - 从检测角度，即使用边界框检测到对象，然后预测其成对关系。我们认为这种范式引起了几个阻碍该领域进步的问题。例如，当前数据集中的基于框的标签通常包含冗余类，例如头发，并遗漏对上下文理解至关重要的背景信息。在这项工作中，我们介绍了Panoptic场景图生成（PSG），这是一项新的问题任务，要求该模型基于全景分割而不是刚性边界框生成更全面的场景图表示。一个高质量的PSG数据集包含可可和视觉基因组的49k井被宣传的重叠图像，是为社区创建的，以跟踪其进度。为了进行基准测试，我们构建了四个两阶段基线，这些基线是根据SGG中的经典方法修改的，以及两个单阶段基准，称为PSGTR和PSGFORMER，它们基于基于高效的变压器检测器，即detr。虽然PSGTR使用一组查询来直接学习三重态，但PSGFormer以来自两个变压器解码器的查询形式分别模拟对象和关系，然后是一种迅速的关系 - 对象对象匹配机制。最后，我们分享了关于公开挑战和未来方向的见解。

最近，Vision-Language预训练的零拍图像分类已经表现出令人难以置信的成就，即该模型可以对任意类别进行分类而不看到该类别的其他注释图像。然而，目前尚不清楚如何在更广泛的视觉问题上进行零射识别，例如对象检测和语义分割。在本文中，我们通过在现成的预训练的视觉模型，即剪辑上建立零拍语义分割来定位零拍语义分割。很难因为语义分割和剪辑模型在不同的视觉粒度上执行，该语义分段处理在像素上时，而剪辑在图像上执行。为了解决处理粒度的差异，我们拒绝使用普遍的一级FCN基于FCN的框架，并倡导一个两级语义分割框架，其中第一阶段提取一个完全提取的掩模提案和第二阶段利用基于图像的剪辑模型在第一阶段生成的蒙版图像作物上执行零拍分类。我们的实验结果表明，这种简单的框架通过大型利润率超越了先前的最先进：+29.5 Hiou On Pascal VOC 2012 DataSet，+8.9 Hiou On Coco Stuff DataSet。凭借其简单性和强大的表现，我们希望本框架成为促进未来研究的基准。

将简单的体系结构与大规模预训练相结合已导致图像分类的大量改进。对于对象检测，预训练和缩放方法的确定性不佳，尤其是在长尾和开放式摄影的环境中，训练数据相对较少。在本文中，我们提出了一个强大的配方，用于将图像文本模型转移到开放式对象检测中。我们使用具有最小修改，对比度文本预训练和端到端检测微调的标准视觉变压器体系结构。我们对该设置的缩放属性的分析表明，增加图像级预训练和模型大小在下游检测任务上产生一致的改进。我们提供适应性策略和正规化，以实现零击文本条件和单次图像条件对象检测的非常强劲的性能。代码和型号可在GitHub上找到。

We propose and study a task we name panoptic segmentation (PS). Panoptic segmentation unifies the typically distinct tasks of semantic segmentation (assign a class label to each pixel) and instance segmentation (detect and segment each object instance). The proposed task requires generating a coherent scene segmentation that is rich and complete, an important step toward real-world vision systems. While early work in computer vision addressed related image/scene parsing tasks, these are not currently popular, possibly due to lack of appropriate metrics or associated recognition challenges. To address this, we propose a novel panoptic quality (PQ) metric that captures performance for all classes (stuff and things) in an interpretable and unified manner. Using the proposed metric, we perform a rigorous study of both human and machine performance for PS on three existing datasets, revealing interesting insights about the task. The aim of our work is to revive the interest of the community in a more unified view of image segmentation.

在本文中，我们将针对基于文本的描述的任意类别执行全新的计算机视觉任务，开放式全磁全面分割，该任务旨在执行全景分段（背景语义标签 +前景实例分段）。我们首先构建了一种基线方法，而无需填充或蒸馏以利用现有夹模型中的知识。然后，我们开发了一种新方法MaskClip，该方法是一种基于变压器的方法，该方法使用带有基于VIT的夹子主链的掩码查询来执行语义分割和对象实例分割。在这里，我们设计了一个相对的掩码注意力（RMA）模块，以将分割作为VIT夹模型的其他令牌。 MaskClip通过避免使用外部剪贴图像模型的暂停操作来裁剪图像贴片和计算功能，从而有效地有效地利用预训练的密集/局部剪辑功能。我们为开放式综合综合分割和最先进的结果获得了令人鼓舞的结果。我们显示具有自定义类别的MaskClip的定性插图。

深度学习的快速发展在分割方面取得了长足的进步，这是计算机视觉的基本任务之一。但是，当前的细分算法主要取决于像素级注释的可用性，这些注释通常昂贵，乏味且费力。为了减轻这一负担，过去几年见证了越来越多的关注，以建立标签高效，深度学习的细分算法。本文对标签有效的细分方法进行了全面的审查。为此，我们首先根据不同类型的弱标签提供的监督（包括没有监督，粗略监督，不完整的监督和嘈杂的监督和嘈杂的监督），首先开发出一种分类法来组织这些方法，并通过细分类型（包括语义细分）补充，实例分割和全景分割）。接下来，我们从统一的角度总结了现有的标签有效的细分方法，该方法讨论了一个重要的问题：如何弥合弱监督和密集预测之间的差距 - 当前的方法主要基于启发式先导，例如交叉像素相似性，跨标签约束，跨视图一致性，跨图像关系等。最后，我们分享了对标签有效深层细分的未来研究方向的看法。