文档视觉问题回答(VQA)旨在了解视觉上富裕的文档,以自然语言回答问题,这是自然语言处理和计算机视觉的新兴研究主题。在这项工作中,我们介绍了一个名为TAT-DQA的新文档VQA数据集,该数据集由3,067个文档页面组成,其中包含半结构化表和非结构化文本以及16,558个问答,通过扩展Tat-QA Dataset。这些文档是从现实世界中的财务报告中取样的,并包含大量数字,这意味着要求离散的推理能力回答该数据集上的问题。基于TAT-DQA,我们进一步开发了一个名为MHST的新型模型,该模型在包括文本,布局和视觉图像在内的多模式中考虑了信息,以智能地以相应的策略(即提取或推理)智能地解决不同类型的问题。广泛的实验表明,MHST模型明显优于基线方法,证明其有效性。但是,表演仍然远远落后于专家人类。我们预计,我们的新Tat-DQA数据集将有助于研究对视觉和语言结合的视觉丰富文档的深入理解,尤其是对于需要离散推理的场景。另外,我们希望拟议的模型能够激发研究人员将来设计更高级的文档VQA模型。
translated by 谷歌翻译
在本报告中,我们展示了ICDAR 2021版文档视觉问题挑战的结果。此版本在单个文档VQA和Document Collection VQA上补充了以前的任务,并在Infographics VQA上进行了新引入的。信息图表VQA基于超过5,000个信息图表图像和30,000个问题答案对的新数据集。获胜者方法在Infographics VQA任务中获得了0.6120个ANL,0.7743 anlsl在文档集中的VQA任务和单个文档VQA中的0.8705 ANL中。我们展示了用于每个任务的数据集的摘要,每个提交的方法的描述以及它们的性能的结果和分析。由于还提出了自从第一版DocVQA 2020挑战以来在单个文档VQA上取得的摘要。
translated by 谷歌翻译
在现实世界中的问题回答场景中,将表格和文本内容均结合的混合形式吸引了越来越多的关注,其中数值推理问题是最典型和最具挑战性的问题之一。现有方法通常采用编码器框架来表示混合内容并生成答案。但是,它无法捕获编码器侧数值,表格架构和文本信息之间的丰富关系。解码器使用一个简单的预定义运算符分类器,该分类器的灵活性不足以处理具有不同表达式的数值推理过程。为了解决这些问题,本文提出了一个\ textbf {re} lational \ textbf {g} raph增强\ textbf {h} ybrid table-text \ textbf {n}带有\ textbf {t textbf {t text} ree decoder(\ textbff recoder(\ textbf) {reghnt})。它模拟了对表 - 文本混合内容的回答的数值问题,作为表达树的生成任务。此外,我们提出了一种新颖的关系图建模方法,该方法模拟了问题,表和段落之间的对齐方式。我们验证了公开可用的Table-Text混合质量质量质量标准(TAT-QA)的模型。拟议的reghnt显着胜过基线模型,并实现最新结果\脚注{我们在〜\ url {https://github.com/lfy79001/reghnt}}}〜(20222)公开发布了源代码和数据-05-05)。
translated by 谷歌翻译
Web搜索是人类获取信息的重要方法,但是对于了解网页内容的机器仍然是一个巨大的挑战。在本文中,我们介绍了对网上结构阅读理解(SRC)的任务。鉴于网页和关于它的问题,任务是从网页找到答案。此任务要求系统不仅要了解文本的语义,还需要了解文本的语义,还需要网页的结构。此外,我们提出了一种新的基于Web的结构阅读理解数据集。 WebSRC由400K问答对组成,从6.4K网页收集。与QA对一起,我们的数据集还提供了相应的HTML源代码,屏幕截图和元数据。 WebSRC中的每个问题都需要对网页的某种结构理解来回答,并且答案是网页或是/否的文本跨度。我们评估我们数据集的各种基线,以显示我们的任务难度。我们还研究了结构信息和视觉功能的有用性。我们的数据集和基线已在HTTPS://x-lance.github.io/websrc/上公开提供。
translated by 谷歌翻译
Document Visual Question Answering (DocVQA) refers to the task of answering questions from document images. Existing work on DocVQA only considers single-page documents. However, in real scenarios documents are mostly composed of multiple pages that should be processed altogether. In this work we extend DocVQA to the multi-page scenario. For that, we first create a new dataset, MP-DocVQA, where questions are posed over multi-page documents instead of single pages. Second, we propose a new hierarchical method, Hi-VT5, based on the T5 architecture, that overcomes the limitations of current methods to process long multi-page documents. The proposed method is based on a hierarchical transformer architecture where the encoder summarizes the most relevant information of every page and then, the decoder takes this summarized information to generate the final answer. Through extensive experimentation, we demonstrate that our method is able, in a single stage, to answer the questions and provide the page that contains the relevant information to find the answer, which can be used as a kind of explainability measure.
translated by 谷歌翻译
事实证明,多模式文档预训练的模型在各种视觉上富裕的文档理解(VRDU)任务中非常有效。尽管现有的文档预先培训模型在VRDU的标准基准上取得了出色的性能,但它们建模和利用文档上的视觉和语言之间的互动的方式阻碍了他们无法获得更好的概括能力和更高的准确性。在这项工作中,我们主要从监督信号的角度研究了VRDU视觉联合表示学习的问题。具体而言,提出了一种称为BI-VLDOC的预训练范式,其中设计了双向视觉监督策略和视觉性混合注意机制,以完全探索并利用这两种方式之间的相互作用,以学习更强的交叉交叉方式 - 具有更丰富语义的模式文档表示。 Bi-Vldoc受益于学习丰富的跨模式文档表示形式,显着提高了三个广泛使用文档的最新性能,理解基准,包括形式的理解(从85.14%到93.44%),收据信息提取(从96.01%到97.84%)和文档分类(从96.08%到97.12%)。在文档视觉质量检查中,BI-VLDOC与以前的单个模型方法相比,实现了最先进的性能。
translated by 谷歌翻译
文档AI或Document Intelligence是一个相对较新的研究主题,指的是自动阅读,理解和分析业务文档的技术。它是自然语言处理和计算机视觉的重要研究方向。近年来,深度学习技术的普及已经大大提高了文档AI的发展,如文件布局分析,视觉信息提取,文档视觉问题应答,文档图像分类等。本文简要评论了一些代表性模型,任务和基准数据集。此外,我们还介绍了早期的启发式规则的文档分析,统计机器学习算法,深度学习方法,尤其是预训练方法。最后,我们展望未来的Document AI研究方向。
translated by 谷歌翻译
由于其有效的模型架构以及大规模未标记的扫描/数字出生的文件的优势,在各种视觉上丰富的文档理解任务中已经证明了文本和布局的预先培训。我们提出了具有新的预培训任务的Layoutlmv2架构,以在单个多模态框架中模拟文本,布局和图像之间的交互。具体地,对于双流多模态变压器编码器,LayOutLMV2不仅使用现有屏蔽的视觉语言建模任务,还使用新的文本图像对齐和文本图像匹配任务,这使得它更好地捕获跨模块交互在预训练阶段。同时,它还将空间感知的自我注意机制集成到变压器架构中,以便模型可以完全理解不同文本块之间的相对位置关系。实验结果表明,LayoutLMV2优于大幅度的LayOutlm,并在大量下游的下游富有的文件理解任务中实现了新的最先进的结果,包括Funsd(0.7895 $ \至0.8420美元),电源线(0.9493 $ \至0.9601美元),Srie(0.9524 $ \至0.9781美元),Kleister-NDA(0.8340 $ \ 0.8520美元),RVL-CDIP(0.9443 $ \至0.9564美元),DOCVQA(0.7295 $ \至0.8672美元) 。我们使我们的模型和代码公开可用于\ url {https://aka.ms/layoutlmv2}。
translated by 谷歌翻译
Table-and-text hybrid question answering (HybridQA) is a widely used and challenging NLP task commonly applied in the financial and scientific domain. The early research focuses on migrating other QA task methods to HybridQA, while with further research, more and more HybridQA-specific methods have been present. With the rapid development of HybridQA, the systematic survey is still under-explored to summarize the main techniques and advance further research. So we present this work to summarize the current HybridQA benchmarks and methods, then analyze the challenges and future directions of this task. The contributions of this paper can be summarized in three folds: (1) first survey, to our best knowledge, including benchmarks, methods and challenges for HybridQA; (2) systematic investigation with the reasonable comparison of the existing systems to articulate their advantages and shortcomings; (3) detailed analysis of challenges in four important dimensions to shed light on future directions.
translated by 谷歌翻译
视觉问题应答(VQA)任务利用视觉图像和语言分析来回回答图像的文本问题。它是一个流行的研究课题,在过去十年中越来越多的现实应用。本文介绍了我们最近对AliceMind-MMU的研究(阿里巴巴的编码器 - 解码器来自Damo Academy - 多媒体理解的机器智能实验室),其比人类在VQA上获得相似甚至略微更好的结果。这是通过系统地改善VQA流水线来实现的,包括:(1)具有全面的视觉和文本特征表示的预培训; (2)与学习参加的有效跨模型互动; (3)一个新颖的知识挖掘框架,具有专门的专业专家模块,适用于复杂的VQA任务。处理不同类型的视觉问题,需要具有相应的专业知识在提高我们的VQA架构的表现方面发挥着重要作用,这取决于人力水平。进行了广泛的实验和分析,以证明新的研究工作的有效性。
translated by 谷歌翻译
我们提出了一种用于场景文本视觉问题的新型多模式架构(STVQA),命名为布局感知变压器(LatR)。 STVQA的任务需要模型以推理不同的方式。因此,我们首先调查每种方式的影响,并揭示语言模块的重要性,尤其是在丰富布局信息时。考虑到这一点,我们提出了一种客观预培训计划,只需要文本和空间线索。我们表明,尽管域间隙差距,但仍然对扫描文件进行了对扫描文件的培训方案具有某些优点。扫描的文档易于采购,文本密集并具有各种布局,帮助模型通过捆绑语言和布局信息来学习各种空间线索(例如,下面等等)。与现有方法相比,我们的方法执行无词汇解码,如图所示,概括到超出培训词汇。我们进一步证明Latr改善了对OCR错误的鲁棒性,在STVQA失败的常见原因。另外,通过利用视觉变压器,我们消除了对外部物体检测器的需求。 Latr在多个数据集上赢得最先进的STVQA方法。特别是+ 7.6%的TextVQA,ST-VQA上的10.8%,+ 4.0%在OCR-VQA(所有绝对精度数字)。
translated by 谷歌翻译
Hybrid tabular-textual question answering (QA) requires reasoning from heterogeneous information, and the types of reasoning are mainly divided into numerical reasoning and span extraction. Despite being the main challenge of the task compared to extractive QA, current numerical reasoning method simply uses LSTM to autoregressively decode program sequences, and each decoding step produces either an operator or an operand. However, the step-by-step decoding suffers from exposure bias, and the accuracy of program generation drops sharply with progressive decoding. In this paper, we propose a non-autoregressive program generation framework, which facilitates program generation in parallel. Our framework, which independently generates complete program tuples containing both operators and operands, can significantly boost the speed of program generation while addressing the error accumulation issue. Our experiments on the MultiHiertt dataset shows that our model can bring about large improvements (+7.97 EM and +6.38 F1 points) over the strong baseline, establishing the new state-of-the-art performance, while being much faster (21x) in program generation. The performance drop of our method is also significantly smaller than the baseline with increasing numbers of numerical reasoning steps.
translated by 谷歌翻译
Researchers produce thousands of scholarly documents containing valuable technical knowledge. The community faces the laborious task of reading these documents to identify, extract, and synthesize information. To automate information gathering, document-level question answering (QA) offers a flexible framework where human-posed questions can be adapted to extract diverse knowledge. Finetuning QA systems requires access to labeled data (tuples of context, question and answer). However, data curation for document QA is uniquely challenging because the context (i.e. answer evidence passage) needs to be retrieved from potentially long, ill-formatted documents. Existing QA datasets sidestep this challenge by providing short, well-defined contexts that are unrealistic in real-world applications. We present a three-stage document QA approach: (1) text extraction from PDF; (2) evidence retrieval from extracted texts to form well-posed contexts; (3) QA to extract knowledge from contexts to return high-quality answers -- extractive, abstractive, or Boolean. Using QASPER for evaluation, our detect-retrieve-comprehend (DRC) system achieves a +7.19 improvement in Answer-F1 over existing baselines while delivering superior context selection. Our results demonstrate that DRC holds tremendous promise as a flexible framework for practical scientific document QA.
translated by 谷歌翻译
关键信息提取(KIE)旨在从形式式文档(例如发票)中提取结构化信息(例如,键值对),这迈出了迈向智能文档理解的重要一步。以前的方法通常通过序列标记来处理KIE,这面临处理非扁平序列的困难,尤其是对于表文本混合文档。这些方法还遇到了预定每种文档的固定标签以及标签不平衡问题的麻烦。在这项工作中,我们假设光学特征识别(OCR)已应用于输入文档,并将KIE任务重新制定为在给定目标字段的二维(2D)空间中的区域预测问题。在此新设置之后,我们开发了一个名为“基于区域的文档理解(RDU)”的新型KIE模型,该模型将文本内容和文档的相应坐标作为输入,并试图通过定位类似边界盒的区域来预测结果。我们的RDU首先应用了配备软布局注意力掩蔽和偏置机制的布局感知的BERT,以将布局信息纳入表示形式。然后,通过代表模块启发的区域提案模块从表示形式生成候选区域的列表,该模块灵感来自广泛应用于对象检测的计算机视觉模型。最后,采用区域分类模块和区域选择模块来判断提出的区域是否有效,并分别从所有提出的区域中选择具有最大概率的区域。对四种形式样式文档的实验表明,我们提出的方法可以取得令人印象深刻的结果。此外,我们的RDU模型可以通过不同的文档类型进行培训,这对低资源文档特别有用。
translated by 谷歌翻译
Video Question Answering methods focus on commonsense reasoning and visual cognition of objects or persons and their interactions over time. Current VideoQA approaches ignore the textual information present in the video. Instead, we argue that textual information is complementary to the action and provides essential contextualisation cues to the reasoning process. To this end, we propose a novel VideoQA task that requires reading and understanding the text in the video. To explore this direction, we focus on news videos and require QA systems to comprehend and answer questions about the topics presented by combining visual and textual cues in the video. We introduce the ``NewsVideoQA'' dataset that comprises more than $8,600$ QA pairs on $3,000+$ news videos obtained from diverse news channels from around the world. We demonstrate the limitations of current Scene Text VQA and VideoQA methods and propose ways to incorporate scene text information into VideoQA methods.
translated by 谷歌翻译
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its applications have sparked extraordinary interest in recent years. This achievement can be ascribed in part to advances in AI subfields including Machine Learning (ML), Computer Vision (CV), and Natural Language Processing (NLP). Deep learning, a sub-field of machine learning that employs artificial neural network concepts, has enabled the most rapid growth in these domains. The integration of vision and language has sparked a lot of attention as a result of this. The tasks have been created in such a way that they properly exemplify the concepts of deep learning. In this review paper, we provide a thorough and an extensive review of the state of the arts approaches, key models design principles and discuss existing datasets, methods, their problem formulation and evaluation measures for VQA and Visual reasoning tasks to understand vision and language representation learning. We also present some potential future paths in this field of research, with the hope that our study may generate new ideas and novel approaches to handle existing difficulties and develop new applications.
translated by 谷歌翻译
文本VQA旨在回答需要了解图像中文本提示的问题。尽管现有的文本VQA方法取得了长足的进步,但它们的性能仍遭受了人类标记的问题解答(QA)对不足。但是,我们观察到,通常在现有数据集中没有完全利用场景文本 - 每个图像中只有一小部分文本参与了带注释的QA活动。这导致大量有用的信息浪费。为了解决这种缺陷,我们开发了一种新方法来通过明确利用每个图像的场景上下文中可用的现有文本来生成高质量和多样化的质量质量对。具体而言,我们建议,TAG是一种文本感知的视觉问题 - 答案生成的结构,该结构学会使用多模式变压器来生成有意义且准确的QA样品。该体系结构通过将生成的QA对与初始培训数据相结合,从而利用了未充满激光的场景文本信息,并增强了文本VQA模型的场景理解。对两个众所周知的Text-VQA基准(TextVQA和ST-VQA)的广泛实验结果表明,我们提议的标签有效地扩大了训练数据,有助于提高文本VQA性能而无需额外的标签努力。此外,我们的模型优于预先通过大规模数据进行训练的最先进方法。代码将公开可用。
translated by 谷歌翻译
Structured tabular data exist across nearly all fields. Reasoning task over these data aims to answer questions or determine the truthiness of hypothesis sentences by understanding the semantic meaning of a table. While previous works have devoted significant efforts to the tabular reasoning task, they always assume there are sufficient labeled data. However, constructing reasoning samples over tables (and related text) is labor-intensive, especially when the reasoning process is complex. When labeled data is insufficient, the performance of models will suffer an unendurable decline. In this paper, we propose a unified framework for unsupervised complex tabular reasoning (UCTR), which generates sufficient and diverse synthetic data with complex logic for tabular reasoning tasks, assuming no human-annotated data at all. We first utilize a random sampling strategy to collect diverse programs of different types and execute them on tables based on a "Program-Executor" module. To bridge the gap between the programs and natural language sentences, we design a powerful "NL-Generator" module to generate natural language sentences with complex logic from these programs. Since a table often occurs with its surrounding texts, we further propose novel "Table-to-Text" and "Text-to-Table" operators to handle joint table-text reasoning scenarios. This way, we can adequately exploit the unlabeled table resources to obtain a well-performed reasoning model under an unsupervised setting. Our experiments cover different tasks (question answering and fact verification) and different domains (general and specific), showing that our unsupervised methods can achieve at most 93% performance compared to supervised models. We also find that it can substantially boost the supervised performance in low-resourced domains as a data augmentation technique. Our code is available at https://github.com/leezythu/UCTR.
translated by 谷歌翻译
由于文件传达了丰富的人类知识,并且通常存在于企业中,因此建筑文档的对话系统已经越来越兴趣。其中,如何理解和从文档中检索信息是一个具有挑战性的研究问题。先前的工作忽略了文档的视觉属性,并将其视为纯文本,从而导致不完整的方式。在本文中,我们提出了一个布局感知文档级信息提取数据集,以促进从视觉上丰富文档(VRD)中提取结构和语义知识的研究,以在对话系统中产生准确的响应。 Lie包含来自4,061页的产品和官方文件的三个提取任务的62K注释,成为我们最大的知识,成为最大的基于VRD的信息提取数据集。我们还开发了扩展基于令牌的语言模型的基准方法,以考虑像人类这样的布局功能。经验结果表明,布局对于基于VRD的提取至关重要,系统演示还验证了提取的知识可以帮助找到用户关心的答案。
translated by 谷歌翻译
目前的视觉问题应答(VQA)任务主要考虑回答自然图像的人为注释问题。然而,除了自然图像之外,在视觉理解和推理研究中仍然可以解读具有语义丰富性的抽象图。在这项工作中,我们介绍了ICON问题的新挑战(ICONQA),其目标是在图标图像上下文中回答问题。我们发布了ICONQA,这是一个由107,439个问题和三个子任务组成的大型数据集:多图像选择,多文本选择和填充空白。 ICONQA数据集是由真实世界图中的启发,突出了抽象图理解和综合认知推理的重要性。因此,ICONQA不仅需要对象识别和文本理解等感知技能,而且还需要多种认知推理技能,例如几何推理,致辞推理和算术推理。为了促进潜在的iconqa模型来学习图标图像的语义表示,我们进一步发布了一个图标数据集图标645,其中包含377级上的645,687个彩色图标。我们进行广泛的用户研究和盲目实验,并重现各种先进的VQA方法来基准iconQA任务。此外,我们开发了一个强大的ICONQA基线Patch-TRM,它应用金字塔跨模型变压器,其中包含在图标数据集上预先培训的输入图嵌入式。 iconqa和图标645可在https://iconqa.github.io提供。
translated by 谷歌翻译