我们提出了一个建议系统，该系统在心理治疗课程中实时向治疗师建议治疗策略。我们的系统使用转交级评级机制，该机制通过计算评分清单的深层嵌入与患者所说的当前句子之间的相似性得分来预测治疗结果。该系统会自动转录连续的音频流，并使用无在线注册的诊断方法将其分为患者和治疗师的转弯。然后，对话对及其计算评级将被馈入深入的强化学习建议，其中会话被视为用户，主题被视为项目。除了评估现有数据集上核心组件的经验优势之外，我们还证明了该系统在Web应用程序中的有效性。

In this work, we compare different neural topic modeling methods in learning the topical propensities of different psychiatric conditions from the psychotherapy session transcripts parsed from speech recordings. We also incorporate temporal modeling to put this additional interpretability to action by parsing out topic similarities as a time series in a turn-level resolution. We believe this topic modeling framework can offer interpretable insights for the therapist to optimally decide his or her strategy and improve psychotherapy effectiveness.

我们对会话分析的问题及其在健康领域的应用感兴趣。认知行为疗法是心理疗法的结构化方法，使治疗师能够帮助患者识别和修改恶意思想，行为或行动。可以使用工作联盟库存观察者评级的缩短来评估这项合作的工作 - 12个项目涵盖任务，目标和关系 - 对治疗结果具有相关的影响。在这项工作中，我们研究了该联盟库存与患者与心理治疗师之间的口头对话（会议）之间的关系。我们已经提供了八个星期的电子疗法，收集了他们的音频和视频通话课程，并手动转录它们。专业治疗师对口语对话进行了注释和评估。我们已经调查了语音和语言特征及其与WAI项目的关联。功能类型包括转弯动力学，词汇夹带以及从语音和语言信号中提取的对话描述符。我们的发现提供了有力的证据，表明这些特征的一部分是工作联盟的强有力指标。据我们所知，这是一项针对言语和语言来表征工作联盟的第一项和新颖的研究。

本文介绍了寻求信息（是）任务，概念和算法的信息重新分类。拟议的分类系统提供了新的维度，以研究寻求任务和方法的信息。新尺寸包括搜索迭代，搜索目标类型和程序的数量，以实现这些目标。寻求任务的信息沿着这些尺寸呼叫合适的计算解决方案的差异。然后，该文章评论了符合每个新类别的机器学习解决方案。该论文结束了对系统的评估活动进行了审查。

以任务为导向的对话系统（TODS）继续升高，因为各种行业发现有效地利用其能力，节省时间和金钱。然而，即使是最先进的TOD尚未达到其全部潜力。TOD通常具有主要设计专注于完成手头的任务，因此任务分辨率的度量应优先考虑。可能会忽略可能指向对话的其他可能指向成功或其他方面的会话质量属性。这可能导致人类和对话系统之间的相互作用，让用户不满意或沮丧。本文探讨了对话系统的评价框架的文献，以及对话系统中的会话质量属性的作用，看起来，如何以及在与对话系统的性能相关的情况下，如何相关。

到目前为止，大多数关于推荐系统的研究专注于通过促进相关和个性化内容维持长期用户参与和满足感。但是，评估这种内容的质量和可靠性仍然非常具有挑战性。在本文中，我们提出了FEBR（基于专家的建议框架），是评估在线平台上建议内容的质量的学徒学习框架。该框架在推荐评估环境中挖掘专家（假设可靠）的演示轨迹，以恢复未知的实用程序功能。此功能用于学习描述专家行为的最佳策略，然后在框架中使用，以提供高质量和个性化的建议。我们通过用户兴趣模拟环境（使用RECSIM）评估我们的解决方案的性能。我们模拟了上述专家政策下的互动，以进行视频推荐，并将其效率与标准推荐方法进行比较。结果表明，我们的方法在内容质量方面提供了显着的收益，由专家评估并由用户观察，同时保持与基线方法几乎相同的表格。

In this chapter, we review and discuss the transformation of AI technology in HCI/UX work and assess how AI technology will change how we do the work. We first discuss how AI can be used to enhance the result of user research and design evaluation. We then discuss how AI technology can be used to enhance HCI/UX design. Finally, we discuss how AI-enabled capabilities can improve UX when users interact with computing systems, applications, and services.

This paper aims to provide a radical rundown on Conversation Search (ConvSearch), an approach to enhance the information retrieval method where users engage in a dialogue for the information-seeking tasks. In this survey, we predominantly focused on the human interactive characteristics of the ConvSearch systems, highlighting the operations of the action modules, likely the Retrieval system, Question-Answering, and Recommender system. We labeled various ConvSearch research problems in knowledge bases, natural language processing, and dialogue management systems along with the action modules. We further categorized the framework to ConvSearch and the application is directed toward biomedical and healthcare fields for the utilization of clinical social technology. Finally, we conclude by talking through the challenges and issues of ConvSearch, particularly in Bio-Medicine. Our main aim is to provide an integrated and unified vision of the ConvSearch components from different fields, which benefit the information-seeking process in healthcare systems.

Any organization needs to improve their products, services, and processes. In this context, engaging with customers and understanding their journey is essential. Organizations have leveraged various techniques and technologies to support customer engagement, from call centres to chatbots and virtual agents. Recently, these systems have used Machine Learning (ML) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) to analyze large volumes of customer feedback and engagement data. The goal is to understand customers in context and provide meaningful answers across various channels. Despite multiple advances in Conversational Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Recommender Systems (RS), it is still challenging to understand the intent behind customer questions during the customer journey. To address this challenge, in this paper, we study and analyze the recent work in Conversational Recommender Systems (CRS) in general and, more specifically, in chatbot-based CRS. We introduce a pipeline to contextualize the input utterances in conversations. We then take the next step towards leveraging reverse feature engineering to link the contextualized input and learning model to support intent recognition. Since performance evaluation is achieved based on different ML models, we use transformer base models to evaluate the proposed approach using a labelled dialogue dataset (MSDialogue) of question-answering interactions between information seekers and answer providers.

为了帮助现有的Telemental Mechanical服务，我们提出Deeptmh，这是一种通过提取对应于心理学文献经常使用的情感和认知特征的潜视和认知特征来模拟Telemental Mealth Session视频的新框架。我们的方法利用半监督学习的进步来解决Telemental Healts Sessience视频领域的数据稀缺，包括多模式半监督GaN，以检测Telemental卫生课程中的重要心理健康指标。我们展示了我们框架的有用性和与现有工作中的两项任务对比：参与回归和价值回归，这两者都对心理学家在眼药性健康会议期间对心理学家很重要。我们的框架报告了RMSE在参与回归中的RMSE方法的40％，并在价值唤醒回归中的SOTA方法中的50％改善。为了解决Telemental Health空间中公开的数据集的稀缺性，我们发布了一个新的数据集，Medica，用于心理健康患者参与检测。我们的数据集，Medica由1299个视频组成，每节3秒长。据我们所知，我们的方法是基于心理驱动的情感和认知功能来模拟Telemental Healts会话数据的第一种方法，这也通过利用半监督设置来解决数据稀疏性。

我们介绍了Sparrow，这是一个寻求信息的对话代理，与提示的语言模型基线相比，训练有素，更有帮助，正确和无害。我们使用从人类反馈中的强化学习来培训我们的模型，以帮助人类评估者判断代理人的行为。首先，为了使我们的代理人更有帮助和无害，我们将良好对话的要求分解为代理人应遵循的自然语言规则，并分别向评估者询问每个规则。我们证明，这种崩溃使我们能够收集对代理行为的更多针对性的人类判断，并允许更有效的规则条件奖励模型。其次，我们的代理商在收集对模型声明的偏好判决时提供了支持事实主张的来源的证据。对于事实问题，麻雀提供的证据支持了78％的时间。比基线比基线更享受麻雀，同时对人类的对抗性探测更具弹性，在探测时只有8％的时间违反了我们的规则。最后，我们进行了广泛的分析，表明尽管我们的模型学会遵守我们的规则，但它可以表现出分布偏见。

虚拟支持代理商已经普及，作为企业提供更好，更可访问的客户服务的一种方式。此域中的一些挑战包括模糊的用户查询以及更改支持主题和用户行为（非实用性）。但是，我们这样做可以访问用户提供的部分反馈（点击，调查和其他事件），这些反馈可以利用来改善用户体验。适应的学习技术，如上下文匪徒，是对这个问题设置的自然拟合。在本文中，我们讨论了Microsoft Virtual代理的上下文匪徒（CB）的实际实现。它包括基于神经线性匪徒（NLB）和基于多武装匪徒（MAB）集合的内容建议的意图消歧。我们的解决方案已部署到生产并改进了Microsoft虚拟代理的关键业务指标，由A / B实验确认。结果包括问题分辨率的相对增加12％，并且对人类运营商的升级相对减少超过4％。虽然我们目前的用例侧重于Intent消费歧义和支持机器人的上下文建议，但我们认为我们的方法可以扩展到其他域。

以任务为导向的对话系统（TDSS）主要在离线设置或人类评估中评估。评估通常仅限于单转或非常耗时。作为替代方案，模拟用户行为的用户模拟器使我们能够考虑一组广泛的用户目标，以生成类似人类的对话以进行模拟评估。使用现有的用户模拟器来评估TDSS是具有挑战性的，因为用户模拟器主要旨在优化TDSS的对话策略，并且评估功能有限。此外，对用户模拟器的评估是一个开放的挑战。在这项工作中，我们提出了一个用于端到端TDS评估的隐喻用户模拟器，如果它在与系统的交互中模拟用户的类似思维，则定义模拟器是隐喻的。我们还提出了一个基于测试人员的评估框架，以生成变体，即具有不同功能的对话系统。我们的用户模拟器构建了一个隐喻的用户模型，该模型通过参考遇到新项目时的先验知识来帮助模拟器进行推理。我们通过检查模拟器与变体之间的模拟相互作用来估计模拟器的质量。我们的实验是使用三个TDS数据集进行的。与基于议程的模拟器和三个数据集上的SEQ2SEQ模型相比，隐喻用户模拟器与手动评估的一致性更好。我们的测试人员框架展示了效率，并且可以更好地概括和可扩展性，因为它可以适用于多个域中的对话和多个任务，例如对话建议和电子商务对话。

Negotiation is one of the crucial abilities in human communication, and there has been a resurgent research interest in negotiation dialogue systems recently, which goal is to empower intelligent agents with such ability that can efficiently help humans resolve conflicts or reach beneficial agreements. Although there have been many explorations in negotiation dialogue systems, a systematic review of this task has to date remained notably absent. To this end, we aim to fill this gap by reviewing contemporary studies in the emerging field of negotiation dialogue systems, covering benchmarks, evaluations, and methodologies. Furthermore, we also discuss potential future directions, including multi-modal, multi-party, and cross-cultural negotiation scenarios. Our goal is to provide the community with a systematic overview of negotiation dialogue systems and to inspire future research.

最近的自主代理和机器人的应用，如自动驾驶汽车，情景的培训师，勘探机器人和服务机器人带来了关注与当前生成人工智能（AI）系统相关的至关重要的信任相关挑战。尽管取得了巨大的成功，基于连接主义深度学习神经网络方法的神经网络方法缺乏解释他们对他人的决策和行动的能力。没有符号解释能力，它们是黑色盒子，这使得他们的决定或行动不透明，这使得难以信任它们在安全关键的应用中。最近对AI系统解释性的立场目睹了可解释的人工智能（XAI）的几种方法;然而，大多数研究都专注于应用于计算科学中的数据驱动的XAI系统。解决越来越普遍的目标驱动器和机器人的研究仍然缺失。本文评论了可解释的目标驱动智能代理和机器人的方法，重点是解释和沟通代理人感知功能的技术（示例，感官和愿景）和认知推理（例如，信仰，欲望，意图，计划和目标）循环中的人类。审查强调了强调透明度，可辨与和持续学习以获得解释性的关键策略。最后，本文提出了解释性的要求，并提出了用于实现有效目标驱动可解释的代理和机器人的路线图。

Charisma is considered as one's ability to attract and potentially also influence others. Clearly, there can be considerable interest from an artificial intelligence's (AI) perspective to provide it with such skill. Beyond, a plethora of use cases opens up for computational measurement of human charisma, such as for tutoring humans in the acquisition of charisma, mediating human-to-human conversation, or identifying charismatic individuals in big social data. A number of models exist that base charisma on various dimensions, often following the idea that charisma is given if someone could and would help others. Examples include influence (could help) and affability (would help) in scientific studies or power (could help), presence, and warmth (both would help) as a popular concept. Modelling high levels in these dimensions for humanoid robots or virtual agents, seems accomplishable. Beyond, also automatic measurement appears quite feasible with the recent advances in the related fields of Affective Computing and Social Signal Processing. Here, we, thereforem present a blueprint for building machines that can appear charismatic, but also analyse the charisma of others. To this end, we first provide the psychological perspective including different models of charisma and behavioural cues of it. We then switch to conversational charisma in spoken language as an exemplary modality that is essential for human-human and human-computer conversations. The computational perspective then deals with the recognition and generation of charismatic behaviour by AI. This includes an overview of the state of play in the field and the aforementioned blueprint. We then name exemplary use cases of computational charismatic skills before switching to ethical aspects and concluding this overview and perspective on building charisma-enabled AI.

Current advances in recommender systems have been remarkably successful in optimizing immediate engagement. However, long-term user engagement, a more desirable performance metric, remains difficult to improve. Meanwhile, recent reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have shown their effectiveness in a variety of long-term goal optimization tasks. For this reason, RL is widely considered as a promising framework for optimizing long-term user engagement in recommendation. Despite being a promising approach, the application of RL heavily relies on well-designed rewards, but designing rewards related to long-term user engagement is quite difficult. To mitigate the problem, we propose a novel paradigm, Preference-based Recommender systems (PrefRec), which allows RL recommender systems to learn from preferences about users' historical behaviors rather than explicitly defined rewards. Such preferences are easily accessible through techniques such as crowdsourcing, as they do not require any expert knowledge. With PrefRec, we can fully exploit the advantages of RL in optimizing long-term goals, while avoiding complex reward engineering. PrefRec uses the preferences to automatically train a reward function in an end-to-end manner. The reward function is then used to generate learning signals to train the recommendation policy. Furthermore, we design an effective optimization method for PrefRec, which uses an additional value function, expectile regression and reward model pre-training to improve the performance. Extensive experiments are conducted on a variety of long-term user engagement optimization tasks. The results show that PrefRec significantly outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods in all the tasks.

问答系统被认为是流行且经常有效的信息在网络上寻求信息的手段。在这样的系统中，寻求信息者可以通过自然语言提出问题来获得对他们的查询的简短回应。交互式问题回答是一种最近提出且日益流行的解决方案，它位于问答和对话系统的交集。一方面，用户可以以普通语言提出问题，并找到对她的询问的实际回答；另一方面，如果在初始请求中有多个可能的答复，很少或歧义，则系统可以将问题交通会话延长到对话中。通过允许用户提出更多问题，交互式问题回答使用户能够与系统动态互动并获得更精确的结果。这项调查提供了有关当前文献中普遍存在的交互式提问方法的详细概述。它首先要解释提问系统的基本原理，从而定义新的符号和分类法，以将所有已确定的作品结合在统一框架内。然后，根据提出的方法，评估方法和数据集/应用程序域来介绍和检查有关交互式问题解答系统的审查已发表的工作。我们还描述了围绕社区提出的特定任务和问题的趋势，从而阐明了学者的未来利益。 GitHub页面的综合综合了本文献研究中涵盖的所有主要主题，我们的工作得到了进一步的支持。 https://sisinflab.github.io/interactive-question-answering-systems-survey/

在数字治疗干预的背景下，例如互联网交付的认知行为治疗（ICBT）用于治疗抑郁和焦虑，广泛的研究表明，人类支持者或教练的参与如何协助接受治疗的人，改善用户参与治疗并导致更有效的健康结果而不是不受支持的干预措施。该研究旨在最大限度地提高这一人类支持的影响和结果，研究了通过AI和机器学习领域（ML）领域的最新进展提供的新机遇如何有助于有效地支持ICBT支持者的工作实践。本文报告了采访研究的详细调查结果，与15个ICBT支持者加深了解其现有的工作实践和信息需求，旨在有意义地向抑郁和焦虑治疗的背景下提供有用，可实现的ML申请。分析贡献（1）一组六个主题，总结了ICBT支持者在为其精神卫生客户提供有效，个性化反馈方面的策略和挑战;并回应这些学习，（2）对于ML方法如何帮助支持和解决挑战和信息需求，为每个主题提供具体机会。它依赖于在支持者LED客户审查实践中引入新的机器生成的数据见解的潜在社会，情感和务实含义的思考。

We are currently unable to specify human goals and societal values in a way that reliably directs AI behavior. Law-making and legal interpretation form a computational engine that converts opaque human values into legible directives. "Law Informs Code" is the research agenda capturing complex computational legal processes, and embedding them in AI. Similar to how parties to a legal contract cannot foresee every potential contingency of their future relationship, and legislators cannot predict all the circumstances under which their proposed bills will be applied, we cannot ex ante specify rules that provably direct good AI behavior. Legal theory and practice have developed arrays of tools to address these specification problems. For instance, legal standards allow humans to develop shared understandings and adapt them to novel situations. In contrast to more prosaic uses of the law (e.g., as a deterrent of bad behavior through the threat of sanction), leveraged as an expression of how humans communicate their goals, and what society values, Law Informs Code. We describe how data generated by legal processes (methods of law-making, statutory interpretation, contract drafting, applications of legal standards, legal reasoning, etc.) can facilitate the robust specification of inherently vague human goals. This increases human-AI alignment and the local usefulness of AI. Toward society-AI alignment, we present a framework for understanding law as the applied philosophy of multi-agent alignment. Although law is partly a reflection of historically contingent political power - and thus not a perfect aggregation of citizen preferences - if properly parsed, its distillation offers the most legitimate computational comprehension of societal values available. If law eventually informs powerful AI, engaging in the deliberative political process to improve law takes on even more meaning.