现代技术的开发和应用是对自然栖息地和景观中物种有效监测的重要基础,以追踪生态系统,物种社区和人群的发展,并分析变化的原因。为了使用诸如摄像头距离采样等方法估算动物丰度,根据3D(三维)测量的自然栖息地的空间信息至关重要。此外,3D信息可提高使用摄像头捕获的动物检测的准确性。这项研究为3D摄像头捕获提供了一种新颖的方法,该方法具有高度优化的硬件和软件。这种方法采用立体声愿景来推断自然栖息地的3D信息,并被指定为监测生物多样性(Socrates)的立体相机陷阱。对苏格拉底的全面评估不仅显示了$ 3.23 \%$的改善动物检测(边界盒$ \ text {map} _ {75} $),而且还可以使用相机陷阱距离采样来估算动物丰度。苏格拉底的软件和文档可在https://github.com/timmh/socrates上提供
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可靠地定量自然和人为气体释放(例如,从海底进入海洋的自然和人为气体释放(例如,Co $ _2 $,甲烷),最终是大气,是一个具有挑战性的任务。虽然船舶的回声探测器允许在水中检测水中的自由气,但是即使从较大的距离中,精确量化需要诸如未获得的升高速度和气泡尺寸分布的参数。光学方法的意义上是互补的,即它们可以提供从近距离的单个气泡或气泡流的高时和空间分辨率。在这一贡献中,我们介绍了一种完整的仪器和评估方法,用于光学气泡流特征。专用仪器采用高速深海立体声摄像机系统,可在部署在渗透网站以进行以后的自动分析时录制泡泡图像的Tbleabytes。对于几分钟的短序列可以获得泡特性,然后将仪器迁移到其他位置,或者以自主间隔模式迁移到几天内,以捕获由于电流和压力变化和潮汐循环引起的变化。除了报告泡沫特征的步骤旁边,我们仔细评估了可达准确性并提出了一种新颖的校准程序,因为由于缺乏点对应,仅使用气泡的剪影。该系统已成功运营,在太平洋高达1000万水深,以评估甲烷通量。除了样品结果外,我们还会报告在开发期间汲取的故障案例和经验教训。
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Recently, over-height vehicle strike frequently occurs, causing great economic cost and serious safety problems. Hence, an alert system which can accurately discover any possible height limiting devices in advance is necessary to be employed in modern large or medium sized cars, such as touring cars. Detecting and estimating the height limiting devices act as the key point of a successful height limit alert system. Though there are some works research height limit estimation, existing methods are either too computational expensive or not accurate enough. In this paper, we propose a novel stereo-based pipeline named SHLE for height limit estimation. Our SHLE pipeline consists of two stages. In stage 1, a novel devices detection and tracking scheme is introduced, which accurately locate the height limit devices in the left or right image. Then, in stage 2, the depth is temporally measured, extracted and filtered to calculate the height limit device. To benchmark the height limit estimation task, we build a large-scale dataset named "Disparity Height", where stereo images, pre-computed disparities and ground-truth height limit annotations are provided. We conducted extensive experiments on "Disparity Height" and the results show that SHLE achieves an average error below than 10cm though the car is 70m away from the devices. Our method also outperforms all compared baselines and achieves state-of-the-art performance. Code is available at https://github.com/Yang-Kaixing/SHLE.
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由于大规模数据集的可用性,通常在特定位置和良好的天气条件下收集的大规模数据集,近年来,自动驾驶汽车的感知进展已加速。然而,为了达到高安全要求,这些感知系统必须在包括雪和雨在内的各种天气条件下进行稳健运行。在本文中,我们提出了一个新数据集,以通过新颖的数据收集过程启用强大的自动驾驶 - 在不同场景(Urban,Highway,乡村,校园),天气,雪,雨,阳光下,沿着15公里的路线反复记录数据),时间(白天/晚上)以及交通状况(行人,骑自行车的人和汽车)。该数据集包括来自摄像机和激光雷达传感器的图像和点云,以及高精度GPS/ins以在跨路线上建立对应关系。该数据集包括使用Amodal掩码捕获部分遮挡和3D边界框的道路和对象注释。我们通过分析基准在道路和对象,深度估计和3D对象检测中的性能来证明该数据集的独特性。重复的路线为对象发现,持续学习和异常检测打开了新的研究方向。链接到ITHACA365:https://ithaca365.mae.cornell.edu/
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现代计算机视觉已超越了互联网照片集的领域,并进入了物理世界,通过非结构化的环境引导配备摄像头的机器人和自动驾驶汽车。为了使这些体现的代理与现实世界对象相互作用,相机越来越多地用作深度传感器,重建了各种下游推理任务的环境。机器学习辅助的深度感知或深度估计会预测图像中每个像素的距离。尽管已经在深入估算中取得了令人印象深刻的进步,但仍然存在重大挑战:(1)地面真相深度标签很难大规模收集,(2)通常认为相机信息是已知的,但通常是不可靠的,并且(3)限制性摄像机假设很常见,即使在实践中使用了各种各样的相机类型和镜头。在本论文中,我们专注于放松这些假设,并描述将相机变成真正通用深度传感器的最终目标的贡献。
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自动化驾驶系统(广告)开辟了汽车行业的新领域,为未来的运输提供了更高的效率和舒适体验的新可能性。然而,在恶劣天气条件下的自主驾驶已经存在,使自动车辆(AVS)长时间保持自主车辆(AVS)或更高的自主权。本文评估了天气在分析和统计方式中为广告传感器带来的影响和挑战,并对恶劣天气条件进行了解决方案。彻底报道了关于对每种天气的感知增强的最先进技术。外部辅助解决方案如V2X技术,当前可用的数据集,模拟器和天气腔室的实验设施中的天气条件覆盖范围明显。通过指出各种主要天气问题,自主驾驶场目前正在面临,近年来审查硬件和计算机科学解决方案,这项调查概述了在不利的天气驾驶条件方面的障碍和方向的障碍和方向。
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The 1$^{\text{st}}$ Workshop on Maritime Computer Vision (MaCVi) 2023 focused on maritime computer vision for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV), and organized several subchallenges in this domain: (i) UAV-based Maritime Object Detection, (ii) UAV-based Maritime Object Tracking, (iii) USV-based Maritime Obstacle Segmentation and (iv) USV-based Maritime Obstacle Detection. The subchallenges were based on the SeaDronesSee and MODS benchmarks. This report summarizes the main findings of the individual subchallenges and introduces a new benchmark, called SeaDronesSee Object Detection v2, which extends the previous benchmark by including more classes and footage. We provide statistical and qualitative analyses, and assess trends in the best-performing methodologies of over 130 submissions. The methods are summarized in the appendix. The datasets, evaluation code and the leaderboard are publicly available at https://seadronessee.cs.uni-tuebingen.de/macvi.
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由于价格合理的可穿戴摄像头和大型注释数据集的可用性,在过去几年中,Egintric Vision(又名第一人称视觉-FPV)的应用程序在过去几年中蓬勃发展。可穿戴摄像机的位置(通常安装在头部上)允许准确记录摄像头佩戴者在其前面的摄像头,尤其是手和操纵物体。这种内在的优势可以从多个角度研究手:将手及其部分定位在图像中;了解双手涉及哪些行动和活动;并开发依靠手势的人类计算机界面。在这项调查中,我们回顾了使用以自我为中心的愿景专注于手的文献,将现有方法分类为:本地化(其中的手或部分在哪里?);解释(手在做什么?);和应用程序(例如,使用以上为中心的手提示解决特定问题的系统)。此外,还提供了带有手基注释的最突出的数据集的列表。
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摄像机是自动化驱动系统中的主要传感器。它们提供高信息密度,并对检测为人类视野提供的道路基础设施线索最优。环绕式摄像机系统通常包括具有190 {\ DEG} +视野的四个鱼眼相机,覆盖在车辆周围的整个360 {\ DEG}集中在近场传感上。它们是低速,高精度和近距离传感应用的主要传感器,如自动停车,交通堵塞援助和低速应急制动。在这项工作中,我们提供了对这种视觉系统的详细调查,在可以分解为四个模块化组件的架构中,设置调查即可识别,重建,重建和重组。我们共同称之为4R架构。我们讨论每个组件如何完成特定方面,并提供一个位置论证,即它们可以协同组织以形成用于低速自动化的完整感知系统。我们通过呈现来自以前的作品的结果,并通过向此类系统提出架构提案来支持此参数。定性结果在视频中呈现在HTTPS://youtu.be/ae8bcof7777uy中。
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Today, visual recognition systems are still rarely employed in robotics applications. Perhaps one of the main reasons for this is the lack of demanding benchmarks that mimic such scenarios. In this paper, we take advantage of our autonomous driving platform to develop novel challenging benchmarks for the tasks of stereo, optical flow, visual odometry / SLAM and 3D object detection. Our recording platform is equipped with four high resolution video cameras, a Velodyne laser scanner and a state-of-the-art localization system. Our benchmarks comprise 389 stereo and optical flow image pairs, stereo visual odometry sequences of 39.2 km length, and more than 200k 3D object annotations captured in cluttered scenarios (up to 15 cars and 30 pedestrians are visible per image). Results from state-of-the-art algorithms reveal that methods ranking high on established datasets such as Middlebury perform below average when being moved outside the laboratory to the real world. Our goal is to reduce this bias by providing challenging benchmarks with novel difficulties to the computer vision community. Our benchmarks are available online at: www.cvlibs.net/datasets/kitti
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近年来,Imbersive显示器(例如VR耳机,AR眼镜,多视图显示器,自由点电视)已成为一种新的展示技术,与传统显示相比,提供了更好的视觉体验和观众的参与度。随着3D视频和展示技术的发展,高动态范围(HDR)摄像机和显示器的消费市场迅速增长。缺乏适当的实验数据是3D HDR视频技术领域的主要研究工作的关键障碍。同样,足够的现实世界多曝光实验数据集的不可用是用于HDR成像研究的主要瓶颈,从而限制了观众的体验质量(QOE)。在本文中,我们介绍了在印度理工学院马德拉斯校园内捕获的多元化立体曝光数据集,该数据集是多元化的动植物的所在地。该数据集使用ZED立体相机捕获,并提供户外位置的复杂场景,例如花园,路边景观,节日场地,建筑物和室内地区,例如学术和居住区。提出的数据集可容纳宽深度范围,复杂的深度结构,使物体运动复杂化,照明变化,丰富的色彩动态,纹理差异,除了通过移动摄像机和背景运动引入的显着随机性。拟议的数据集可公开向研究界公开使用。此外,详细描述了捕获,对齐和校准多曝光立体视频和图像的过程。最后,我们讨论了有关HDR成像,深度估计,一致的音调映射和3D HDR编码的进度,挑战,潜在用例和未来研究机会。
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3D object detection is an essential task in autonomous driving. Recent techniques excel with highly accurate detection rates, provided the 3D input data is obtained from precise but expensive LiDAR technology. Approaches based on cheaper monocular or stereo imagery data have, until now, resulted in drastically lower accuracies -a gap that is commonly attributed to poor image-based depth estimation. However, in this paper we argue that it is not the quality of the data but its representation that accounts for the majority of the difference. Taking the inner workings of convolutional neural networks into consideration, we propose to convert image-based depth maps to pseudo-LiDAR representations -essentially mimicking the LiDAR signal. With this representation we can apply different existing LiDAR-based detection algorithms. On the popular KITTI benchmark, our approach achieves impressive improvements over the existing state-of-the-art in image-based performance -raising the detection accuracy of objects within the 30m range from the previous state-of-the-art of 22% to an unprecedented 74%. At the time of submission our algorithm holds the highest entry on the KITTI 3D object detection leaderboard for stereo-image-based approaches. Our code is publicly available at https: //github.com/mileyan/pseudo_lidar.
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The last decade witnessed increasingly rapid progress in self-driving vehicle technology, mainly backed up by advances in the area of deep learning and artificial intelligence. The objective of this paper is to survey the current state-of-the-art on deep learning technologies used in autonomous driving. We start by presenting AI-based self-driving architectures, convolutional and recurrent neural networks, as well as the deep reinforcement learning paradigm. These methodologies form a base for the surveyed driving scene perception, path planning, behavior arbitration and motion control algorithms. We investigate both the modular perception-planning-action pipeline, where each module is built using deep learning methods, as well as End2End systems, which directly map sensory information to steering commands. Additionally, we tackle current challenges encountered in designing AI architectures for autonomous driving, such as their safety, training data sources and computational hardware. The comparison presented in this survey helps to gain insight into the strengths and limitations of deep learning and AI approaches for autonomous driving and assist with design choices. 1
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视频分析的图像分割在不同的研究领域起着重要作用,例如智能城市,医疗保健,计算机视觉和地球科学以及遥感应用。在这方面,最近致力于发展新的细分策略;最新的杰出成就之一是Panoptic细分。后者是由语义和实例分割的融合引起的。明确地,目前正在研究Panoptic细分,以帮助获得更多对视频监控,人群计数,自主驾驶,医学图像分析的图像场景的更细致的知识,以及一般对场景更深入的了解。为此,我们介绍了本文的首次全面审查现有的Panoptic分段方法,以获得作者的知识。因此,基于所采用的算法,应用场景和主要目标的性质,执行现有的Panoptic技术的明确定义分类。此外,讨论了使用伪标签注释新数据集的Panoptic分割。继续前进,进行消融研究,以了解不同观点的Panoptic方法。此外,讨论了适合于Panoptic分割的评估度量,并提供了现有解决方案性能的比较,以告知最先进的并识别其局限性和优势。最后,目前对主题技术面临的挑战和吸引不久的将来吸引相当兴趣的未来趋势,可以成为即将到来的研究研究的起点。提供代码的文件可用于:https://github.com/elharroussomar/awesome-panoptic-egation
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通过流行和通用的计算机视觉挑战来判断,如想象成或帕斯卡VOC,神经网络已经证明是在识别任务中特别准确。然而,最先进的准确性通常以高计算价格出现,需要硬件加速来实现实时性能,而使用案例(例如智能城市)需要实时分析固定摄像机的图像。由于网络带宽的数量,这些流将生成,我们不能依赖于卸载计算到集中云。因此,预期分布式边缘云将在本地处理图像。但是,边缘是由性质资源约束的,这给了可以执行的计算复杂性限制。然而,需要边缘与准确的实时视频分析之间的会面点。专用轻量级型号在每相机基础上可能有所帮助,但由于相机的数量增长,除非该过程是自动的,否则它很快就会变得不可行。在本文中,我们展示并评估COVA(上下文优化的视频分析),这是一个框架,可以帮助在边缘相机中自动专用模型专业化。 COVA通过专业化自动提高轻质模型的准确性。此外,我们讨论和审查过程中涉及的每个步骤,以了解每个人所带来的不同权衡。此外,我们展示了静态相机的唯一假设如何使我们能够制定一系列考虑因素,这大大简化了问题的范围。最后,实验表明,最先进的模型,即能够概括到看不见的环境,可以有效地用作教师以以恒定的计算成本提高较小网络的教师,提高精度。结果表明,我们的COVA可以平均提高预先训练的型号的准确性,平均为21%。
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Computer vision applications in intelligent transportation systems (ITS) and autonomous driving (AD) have gravitated towards deep neural network architectures in recent years. While performance seems to be improving on benchmark datasets, many real-world challenges are yet to be adequately considered in research. This paper conducted an extensive literature review on the applications of computer vision in ITS and AD, and discusses challenges related to data, models, and complex urban environments. The data challenges are associated with the collection and labeling of training data and its relevance to real world conditions, bias inherent in datasets, the high volume of data needed to be processed, and privacy concerns. Deep learning (DL) models are commonly too complex for real-time processing on embedded hardware, lack explainability and generalizability, and are hard to test in real-world settings. Complex urban traffic environments have irregular lighting and occlusions, and surveillance cameras can be mounted at a variety of angles, gather dirt, shake in the wind, while the traffic conditions are highly heterogeneous, with violation of rules and complex interactions in crowded scenarios. Some representative applications that suffer from these problems are traffic flow estimation, congestion detection, autonomous driving perception, vehicle interaction, and edge computing for practical deployment. The possible ways of dealing with the challenges are also explored while prioritizing practical deployment.
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这些年来,展示技术已经发展。开发实用的HDR捕获,处理和显示解决方案以将3D技术提升到一个新的水平至关重要。多曝光立体声图像序列的深度估计是开发成本效益3D HDR视频内容的重要任务。在本文中,我们开发了一种新颖的深度体系结构,以进行多曝光立体声深度估计。拟议的建筑有两个新颖的组成部分。首先,对传统立体声深度估计中使用的立体声匹配技术进行了修改。对于我们体系结构的立体深度估计部分,部署了单一到stereo转移学习方法。拟议的配方规避了成本量构造的要求,该要求由基于重新编码的单码编码器CNN取代,具有不同的重量以进行功能融合。基于有效网络的块用于学习差异。其次,我们使用强大的视差特征融合方法组合了从不同暴露水平上从立体声图像获得的差异图。使用针对不同质量度量计算的重量图合并在不同暴露下获得的差异图。获得的最终预测差异图更强大,并保留保留深度不连续性的最佳功能。提出的CNN具有使用标准动态范围立体声数据或具有多曝光低动态范围立体序列的训练的灵活性。在性能方面,所提出的模型超过了最新的单眼和立体声深度估计方法,无论是定量还是质量地,在具有挑战性的场景流以及暴露的Middlebury立体声数据集上。该体系结构在复杂的自然场景中表现出色,证明了其对不同3D HDR应用的有用性。
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适应不断发展的环境是所有自动驾驶系统不可避免地面临的安全挑战。但是,现有的图像和视频驾驶数据集未能捕获现实世界的可变性质。在本文中,我们介绍了最大的多任务合成数据集,用于自动驾驶,转移。它显示了云彩,雨水强度,一天中的时间以及车辆和行人密度的离散和连续变化。Shift采用全面的传感器套件和几个主流感知任务的注释,可以调查在域转移水平越来越高的感知系统性能下降,从而促进了持续适应策略的发展,以减轻此问题并评估模型的鲁棒性和一般性。我们的数据集和基准工具包可在www.vis.xyz/shift上公开获得。
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The ability to capture detailed interactions among individuals in a social group is foundational to our study of animal behavior and neuroscience. Recent advances in deep learning and computer vision are driving rapid progress in methods that can record the actions and interactions of multiple individuals simultaneously. Many social species, such as birds, however, live deeply embedded in a three-dimensional world. This world introduces additional perceptual challenges such as occlusions, orientation-dependent appearance, large variation in apparent size, and poor sensor coverage for 3D reconstruction, that are not encountered by applications studying animals that move and interact only on 2D planes. Here we introduce a system for studying the behavioral dynamics of a group of songbirds as they move throughout a 3D aviary. We study the complexities that arise when tracking a group of closely interacting animals in three dimensions and introduce a novel dataset for evaluating multi-view trackers. Finally, we analyze captured ethogram data and demonstrate that social context affects the distribution of sequential interactions between birds in the aviary.
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作为许多自主驾驶和机器人活动的基本组成部分,如自我运动估计,障碍避免和场景理解,单眼深度估计(MDE)引起了计算机视觉和机器人社区的极大关注。在过去的几十年中,已经开发了大量方法。然而,据我们所知,对MDE没有全面调查。本文旨在通过审查1970年至2021年之间发布的197个相关条款来弥补这一差距。特别是,我们为涵盖各种方法的MDE提供了全面的调查,介绍了流行的绩效评估指标并汇总公开的数据集。我们还总结了一些代表方法的可用开源实现,并比较了他们的表演。此外,我们在一些重要的机器人任务中审查了MDE的应用。最后,我们通过展示一些有希望的未来研究方向来结束本文。预计本调查有助于读者浏览该研究领域。
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