Generative models have shown great promise in synthesizing photorealistic 3D objects, but they require large amounts of training data. We introduce SinGRAF, a 3D-aware generative model that is trained with a few input images of a single scene. Once trained, SinGRAF generates different realizations of this 3D scene that preserve the appearance of the input while varying scene layout. For this purpose, we build on recent progress in 3D GAN architectures and introduce a novel progressive-scale patch discrimination approach during training. With several experiments, we demonstrate that the results produced by SinGRAF outperform the closest related works in both quality and diversity by a large margin.

We introduce 3inGAN, an unconditional 3D generative model trained from 2D images of a single self-similar 3D scene. Such a model can be used to produce 3D "remixes" of a given scene, by mapping spatial latent codes into a 3D volumetric representation, which can subsequently be rendered from arbitrary views using physically based volume rendering. By construction, the generated scenes remain view-consistent across arbitrary camera configurations, without any flickering or spatio-temporal artifacts. During training, we employ a combination of 2D, obtained through differentiable volume tracing, and 3D Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) losses, across multiple scales, enforcing realism on both its 3D structure and the 2D renderings. We show results on semi-stochastic scenes of varying scale and complexity, obtained from real and synthetic sources. We demonstrate, for the first time, the feasibility of learning plausible view-consistent 3D scene variations from a single exemplar scene and provide qualitative and quantitative comparisons against recent related methods.

生成模型已成为许多图像合成和编辑任务的基本构件。该领域的最新进展还使得能够生成具有多视图或时间一致性的高质量3D或视频内容。在我们的工作中，我们探索了学习无条件生成3D感知视频的4D生成对抗网络（GAN）。通过将神经隐式表示与时间感知歧视器相结合，我们开发了一个GAN框架，该框架仅通过单眼视频进行监督的3D视频。我们表明，我们的方法学习了可分解的3D结构和动作的丰富嵌入，这些结构和动作可以使时空渲染的新视觉效果，同时以与现有3D或视频gan相当的质量产生图像。

随着几个行业正在朝着建模大规模的3D虚拟世界迈进，因此需要根据3D内容的数量，质量和多样性来扩展的内容创建工具的需求变得显而易见。在我们的工作中，我们旨在训练Parterant 3D生成模型，以合成纹理网格，可以通过3D渲染引擎直接消耗，因此立即在下游应用中使用。 3D生成建模的先前工作要么缺少几何细节，因此在它们可以生成的网格拓扑中受到限制，通常不支持纹理，或者在合成过程中使用神经渲染器，这使得它们在常见的3D软件中使用。在这项工作中，我们介绍了GET3D，这是一种生成模型，该模型直接生成具有复杂拓扑，丰富几何细节和高保真纹理的显式纹理3D网格。我们在可区分的表面建模，可区分渲染以及2D生成对抗网络中桥接了最新成功，以从2D图像集合中训练我们的模型。 GET3D能够生成高质量的3D纹理网格，从汽车，椅子，动物，摩托车和人类角色到建筑物，对以前的方法进行了重大改进。

图像翻译和操纵随着深层生成模型的快速发展而引起了越来越多的关注。尽管现有的方法带来了令人印象深刻的结果，但它们主要在2D空间中运行。鉴于基于NERF的3D感知生成模型的最新进展，我们介绍了一项新的任务，语义到网络翻译，旨在重建由NERF模型的3D场景，该场景以一个单视语义掩码作为输入为条件。为了启动这项新颖的任务，我们提出了SEM2NERF框架。特别是，SEM2NERF通过将语义面膜编码到控制预训练的解码器的3D场景表示形式中来解决高度挑战的任务。为了进一步提高映射的准确性，我们将新的区域感知学习策略集成到编码器和解码器的设计中。我们验证了提出的SEM2NERF的功效，并证明它在两个基准数据集上的表现优于几个强基础。代码和视频可从https://donydchen.github.io/sem2nerf/获得

我们介绍了我们称呼STYLESDF的高分辨率，3D一致的图像和形状生成技术。我们的方法仅在单视图RGB数据上培训，并站在StyleGan2的肩部，用于图像生成，同时解决3D感知GANS中的两个主要挑战：1）RGB图像的高分辨率，视图 - 一致生成RGB图像，以及2）详细的3D形状。通过使用基于样式的2D发生器合并基于SDF的3D表示来实现这一目标。我们的3D隐式网络呈现出低分辨率的特征映射，其中基于样式的网络生成了View-Consive，1024x1024图像。值得注意的是，基于SDF的3D建模定义了详细的3D曲面，导致一致的卷渲染。在视觉和几何质量方面，我们的方法显示出更高的质量结果。

While 2D generative adversarial networks have enabled high-resolution image synthesis, they largely lack an understanding of the 3D world and the image formation process. Thus, they do not provide precise control over camera viewpoint or object pose. To address this problem, several recent approaches leverage intermediate voxel-based representations in combination with differentiable rendering. However, existing methods either produce low image resolution or fall short in disentangling camera and scene properties, e.g., the object identity may vary with the viewpoint. In this paper, we propose a generative model for radiance fields which have recently proven successful for novel view synthesis of a single scene. In contrast to voxelbased representations, radiance fields are not confined to a coarse discretization of the 3D space, yet allow for disentangling camera and scene properties while degrading gracefully in the presence of reconstruction ambiguity. By introducing a multi-scale patch-based discriminator, we demonstrate synthesis of high-resolution images while training our model from unposed 2D images alone. We systematically analyze our approach on several challenging synthetic and real-world datasets. Our experiments reveal that radiance fields are a powerful representation for generative image synthesis, leading to 3D consistent models that render with high fidelity.

We have witnessed rapid progress on 3D-aware image synthesis, leveraging recent advances in generative visual models and neural rendering. Existing approaches however fall short in two ways: first, they may lack an underlying 3D representation or rely on view-inconsistent rendering, hence synthesizing images that are not multi-view consistent; second, they often depend upon representation network architectures that are not expressive enough, and their results thus lack in image quality. We propose a novel generative model, named Periodic Implicit Generative Adversarial Networks (π-GAN or pi-GAN), for high-quality 3D-aware image synthesis. π-GAN leverages neural representations with periodic activation functions and volumetric rendering to represent scenes as view-consistent radiance fields. The proposed approach obtains state-of-the-art results for 3D-aware image synthesis with multiple real and synthetic datasets.

Existing 3D-aware image synthesis approaches mainly focus on generating a single canonical object and show limited capacity in composing a complex scene containing a variety of objects. This work presents DisCoScene: a 3Daware generative model for high-quality and controllable scene synthesis. The key ingredient of our method is a very abstract object-level representation (i.e., 3D bounding boxes without semantic annotation) as the scene layout prior, which is simple to obtain, general to describe various scene contents, and yet informative to disentangle objects and background. Moreover, it serves as an intuitive user control for scene editing. Based on such a prior, the proposed model spatially disentangles the whole scene into object-centric generative radiance fields by learning on only 2D images with the global-local discrimination. Our model obtains the generation fidelity and editing flexibility of individual objects while being able to efficiently compose objects and the background into a complete scene. We demonstrate state-of-the-art performance on many scene datasets, including the challenging Waymo outdoor dataset. Project page: https://snap-research.github.io/discoscene/

仅使用单视2D照片的收藏集对3D感知生成对抗网络（GAN）的无监督学习最近取得了很多进展。然而，这些3D gan尚未证明人体，并且现有框架的产生的辐射场不是直接编辑的，从而限制了它们在下游任务中的适用性。我们通过开发一个3D GAN框架来解决这些挑战的解决方案，该框架学会在规范的姿势中生成人体或面部的辐射场，并使用显式变形场将其扭曲成所需的身体姿势或面部表达。使用我们的框架，我们展示了人体的第一个高质量的辐射现场生成结果。此外，我们表明，与未接受明确变形训练的3D GAN相比，在编辑其姿势或面部表情时，我们的变形感知训练程序可显着提高产生的身体或面部的质量。

生成建模的最新趋势是从2D图像收集中构建3D感知发电机。为了诱导3D偏见，此类模型通常依赖于体积渲染，这在高分辨率下使用昂贵。在过去的几个月中，似乎有10幅以上的作品通过训练单独的2D解码器来修饰由纯3D发电机产生的低分辨率图像（或功能张量）来解决这个扩展问题。但是该解决方案是有代价的：它不仅打破了多视图的一致性（即相机移动时的形状和纹理变化），而且还以低忠诚度学习了几何形状。在这项工作中，我们表明可以通过遵循完全不同的途径，简单地训练模型贴片，以获得具有SOTA图像质量的高分辨率3D发电机。我们通过两种方式重新审视和改进此优化方案。首先，我们设计了一个位置和比例意识的歧视器来处理不同比例和空间位置的贴片。其次，我们基于退火beta分布来修改补丁采样策略，以稳定训练并加速收敛。所得的模型名为Epigraf，是一个高效，高分辨率的纯3D发电机，我们在四个数据集（在这项工作中引入两个）上测试了它，价格为$ 256^2 $和$ 512^2 $分辨率。它获得了最先进的图像质量，高保真的几何形状，并比基于UpSampler的同行训练$ {\ oft} 2.5 \ times $ $。项目网站：https：//universome.github.io/epigraf。

我们提出了一种无监督的方法，用于对铰接对象的3D几何形式表示学习，其中不使用图像置态对或前景口罩进行训练。尽管可以通过现有的3D神经表示的明确姿势控制铰接物体的影像图像，但这些方法需要地面真相3D姿势和前景口罩进行训练，这是昂贵的。我们通过学习GAN培训来学习表示形式来消除这种需求。该发电机经过训练，可以通过对抗训练从随机姿势和潜在向量产生逼真的铰接物体图像。为了避免GAN培训的高计算成本，我们提出了基于三平面的铰接对象的有效神经表示形式，然后为其无监督培训提供了基于GAN的框架。实验证明了我们方法的效率，并表明基于GAN的培训可以在没有配对监督的情况下学习可控的3D表示。

计算机愿景中的经典问题是推断从几个可用于以交互式速率渲染新颖视图的图像的3D场景表示。以前的工作侧重于重建预定定义的3D表示，例如，纹理网格或隐式表示，例如隐式表示。辐射字段，并且通常需要输入图像，具有精确的相机姿势和每个新颖场景的长处理时间。在这项工作中，我们提出了场景表示变换器（SRT），一种方法，该方法处理新的区域的构成或未铺设的RGB图像，Infers Infers“设置 - 潜在场景表示”，并合成新颖的视图，全部在一个前馈中经过。为了计算场景表示，我们提出了视觉变压器的概括到图像组，实现全局信息集成，从而实现3D推理。一个有效的解码器变压器通过参加场景表示来参加光场以呈现新颖的视图。通过最大限度地减少新型视图重建错误，学习是通过最终到底的。我们表明，此方法在PSNR和Synthetic DataSets上的速度方面优于最近的基线，包括为纸张创建的新数据集。此外，我们展示了使用街景图像支持现实世界户外环境的交互式可视化和语义分割。

我们介绍了Gaudi，Gaudi是一种生成模型，能够捕获可以从移动的相机中沉浸式的复杂和现实3D场景的分布。我们通过一种可扩展而强大的方法解决了这个具有挑战性的问题，我们首先优化了散布辐射场和相机姿势的潜在表示。然后，该潜在表示将学习一个生成模型，该模型可以使3D场景的无条件生成和条件生成。我们的模型概括了以前的作品，该作品通过删除可以在样本中共享相机姿势分布的假设来关注单个对象。我们表明，高迪（Gaudi）在多个数据集的无条件生成设置中获得了最先进的性能，并允许有条件地生成3D场景给定的调理变量，例如稀疏图像观测值或描述场景的文本。

使用单视图2D照片仅集合，无监督的高质量多视图 - 一致的图像和3D形状一直是一个长期存在的挑战。现有的3D GAN是计算密集型的，也是没有3D-一致的近似;前者限制了所生成的图像的质量和分辨率，并且后者对多视图一致性和形状质量产生不利影响。在这项工作中，我们提高了3D GAN的计算效率和图像质量，而无需依赖这些近似。为此目的，我们介绍了一种表现力的混合明确隐式网络架构，与其他设计选择一起，不仅可以实时合成高分辨率多视图一致图像，而且还产生高质量的3D几何形状。通过解耦特征生成和神经渲染，我们的框架能够利用最先进的2D CNN生成器，例如Stylega2，并继承它们的效率和表现力。在其他实验中，我们展示了与FFHQ和AFHQ猫的最先进的3D感知合成。

最近已经示出了从2D图像中提取隐式3D表示的生成神经辐射场（GNERF）模型，以产生代表刚性物体的现实图像，例如人面或汽车。然而，他们通常难以产生代表非刚性物体的高质量图像，例如人体，这对许多计算机图形应用具有很大的兴趣。本文提出了一种用于人类图像综合的3D感知语义导向生成模型（3D-SAGGA），其集成了GNERF和纹理发生器。前者学习人体的隐式3D表示，并输出一组2D语义分段掩模。后者将这些语义面部掩模转化为真实的图像，为人类的外观添加了逼真的纹理。如果不需要额外的3D信息，我们的模型可以使用照片现实可控生成学习3D人类表示。我们在Deepfashion DataSet上的实验表明，3D-SAGGAN显着优于最近的基线。

What is a rose, visually? A rose comprises its intrinsics, including the distribution of geometry, texture, and material specific to its object category. With knowledge of these intrinsic properties, we may render roses of different sizes and shapes, in different poses, and under different lighting conditions. In this work, we build a generative model that learns to capture such object intrinsics from a single image, such as a photo of a bouquet. Such an image includes multiple instances of an object type. These instances all share the same intrinsics, but appear different due to a combination of variance within these intrinsics and differences in extrinsic factors, such as pose and illumination. Experiments show that our model successfully learns object intrinsics (distribution of geometry, texture, and material) for a wide range of objects, each from a single Internet image. Our method achieves superior results on multiple downstream tasks, including intrinsic image decomposition, shape and image generation, view synthesis, and relighting.

Generative models, as an important family of statistical modeling, target learning the observed data distribution via generating new instances. Along with the rise of neural networks, deep generative models, such as variational autoencoders (VAEs) and generative adversarial network (GANs), have made tremendous progress in 2D image synthesis. Recently, researchers switch their attentions from the 2D space to the 3D space considering that 3D data better aligns with our physical world and hence enjoys great potential in practice. However, unlike a 2D image, which owns an efficient representation (i.e., pixel grid) by nature, representing 3D data could face far more challenges. Concretely, we would expect an ideal 3D representation to be capable enough to model shapes and appearances in details, and to be highly efficient so as to model high-resolution data with fast speed and low memory cost. However, existing 3D representations, such as point clouds, meshes, and recent neural fields, usually fail to meet the above requirements simultaneously. In this survey, we make a thorough review of the development of 3D generation, including 3D shape generation and 3D-aware image synthesis, from the perspectives of both algorithms and more importantly representations. We hope that our discussion could help the community track the evolution of this field and further spark some innovative ideas to advance this challenging task.

3D感知图像生成建模旨在生成具有明确可控相机姿势的3D一致图像。最近的作品通过在非结构化的2D图像上培训神经辐射场（NERF）发电机，但仍然无法产生具有精细细节的高度现实图像。一个关键原因是体积表示学习的高记忆和计算成本大大限制了训练期间辐射集成的点样本的数量。不足的采样不仅限制了发电机的表现力，以处理细节细节，而且由于不稳定的蒙特卡罗采样引起的噪音，因此阻碍了有效的GaN训练。我们提出了一种新的方法，调节点采样和辐射场地学习在2D歧管上，体现为3D音量中的一组学习隐式表面。对于每个观看射线，我们计算射线表面交叉点并累积由网络产生的亮度。通过培训和渲染如此光辉的歧管，我们的发电机可以产生具有现实细节和强大的视觉3D一致性的高质量图像。

我们提出Volux-GaN，一种生成框架，以合成3D感知面孔的令人信服的回忆。我们的主要贡献是一种体积的HDRI可发感方法，可以沿着每个3D光线沿着任何所需的HDR环境图累计累积Albedo，漫射和镜面照明贡献。此外，我们展示了使用多个鉴别器监督图像分解过程的重要性。特别是，我们提出了一种数据增强技术，其利用单个图像肖像结合的最近的进步来强制实施一致的几何形状，反照镜，漫射和镜面组分。与其他生成框架的多个实验和比较展示了我们的模型是如何向光电型可致力于的3D生成模型前进的一步。