自动检测视网膜结构,例如视网膜血管(RV),凹起的血管区(FAZ)和视网膜血管连接(RVJ),对于了解眼睛的疾病和临床决策非常重要。在本文中,我们提出了一种新型的基于投票的自适应特征融合多任务网络(VAFF-NET),用于在光学相干性层析成像(OCTA)中对RV,FAZ和RVJ进行联合分割,检测和分类。提出了一个特定于任务的投票门模块,以适应并融合两个级别的特定任务的不同功能:来自单个编码器的不同空间位置的特征,以及来自多个编码器的功能。特别是,由于八八座图像中微脉管系统的复杂性使视网膜血管连接连接到分叉/跨越具有挑战性的任务的同时定位和分类,因此我们通过结合热图回归和网格分类来专门设计任务头。我们利用来自各种视网膜层的三个不同的\ textit {en face}血管造影,而不是遵循仅使用单个\ textit {en face}的现有方法。为了促进进一步的研究,已经发布了这些数据集的部分数据集,并已发布了公共访问:https://github.com/imed-lab/vaff-net。
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The lack of efficient segmentation methods and fully-labeled datasets limits the comprehensive assessment of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) microstructures like retinal vessel network (RVN) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ), which are of great value in ophthalmic and systematic diseases evaluation. Here, we introduce an innovative OCTA microstructure segmentation network (OMSN) by combining an encoder-decoder-based architecture with multi-scale skip connections and the split-attention-based residual network ResNeSt, paying specific attention to OCTA microstructural features while facilitating better model convergence and feature representations. The proposed OMSN achieves excellent single/multi-task performances for RVN or/and FAZ segmentation. Especially, the evaluation metrics on multi-task models outperform single-task models on the same dataset. On this basis, a fully annotated retinal OCTA segmentation (FAROS) dataset is constructed semi-automatically, filling the vacancy of a pixel-level fully-labeled OCTA dataset. OMSN multi-task segmentation model retrained with FAROS further certifies its outstanding accuracy for simultaneous RVN and FAZ segmentation.
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具有高分辨率的视网膜光学相干断层扫描术(八八)对于视网膜脉管系统的定量和分析很重要。然而,八颗图像的分辨率与相同采样频率的视野成反比,这不利于临床医生分析较大的血管区域。在本文中,我们提出了一个新型的基于稀疏的域适应超分辨率网络(SASR),以重建现实的6x6 mm2/低分辨率/低分辨率(LR)八八粒图像,以重建高分辨率(HR)表示。更具体地说,我们首先对3x3 mm2/高分辨率(HR)图像进行简单降解,以获得合成的LR图像。然后,采用一种有效的注册方法在6x6 mm2图像中以其相应的3x3 mm2图像区域注册合成LR,以获得裁切的逼真的LR图像。然后,我们提出了一个多级超分辨率模型,用于对合成数据进行全面监督的重建,从而通过生成的对流策略指导现实的LR图像重建现实的LR图像,该策略允许合成和现实的LR图像可以在特征中统一。领域。最后,新型的稀疏边缘感知损失旨在动态优化容器边缘结构。在两个八八集中进行的广泛实验表明,我们的方法的性能优于最先进的超分辨率重建方法。此外,我们还研究了重建结果对视网膜结构分割的性能,这进一步验证了我们方法的有效性。
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Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a novel imaging modality that has been widely utilized in ophthalmology and neuroscience studies to observe retinal vessels and microvascular systems. However, publicly available OCTA datasets remain scarce. In this paper, we introduce the largest and most comprehensive OCTA dataset dubbed OCTA-500, which contains OCTA imaging under two fields of view (FOVs) from 500 subjects. The dataset provides rich images and annotations including two modalities (OCT/OCTA volumes), six types of projections, four types of text labels (age / gender / eye / disease) and seven types of segmentation labels (large vessel/capillary/artery/vein/2D FAZ/3D FAZ/retinal layers). Then, we propose a multi-object segmentation task called CAVF, which integrates capillary segmentation, artery segmentation, vein segmentation, and FAZ segmentation under a unified framework. In addition, we optimize the 3D-to-2D image projection network (IPN) to IPN-V2 to serve as one of the segmentation baselines. Experimental results demonstrate that IPN-V2 achieves an ~10% mIoU improvement over IPN on CAVF task. Finally, we further study the impact of several dataset characteristics: the training set size, the model input (OCT/OCTA, 3D volume/2D projection), the baseline networks, and the diseases. The dataset and code are publicly available at: https://ieee-dataport.org/open-access/octa-500.
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With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) in medical image processing, deep learning in color fundus photography (CFP) analysis is also evolving. Although there are some open-source, labeled datasets of CFPs in the ophthalmology community, large-scale datasets for screening only have labels of disease categories, and datasets with annotations of fundus structures are usually small in size. In addition, labeling standards are not uniform across datasets, and there is no clear information on the acquisition device. Here we release a multi-annotation, multi-quality, and multi-device color fundus image dataset for glaucoma analysis on an original challenge -- Retinal Fundus Glaucoma Challenge 2nd Edition (REFUGE2). The REFUGE2 dataset contains 2000 color fundus images with annotations of glaucoma classification, optic disc/cup segmentation, as well as fovea localization. Meanwhile, the REFUGE2 challenge sets three sub-tasks of automatic glaucoma diagnosis and fundus structure analysis and provides an online evaluation framework. Based on the characteristics of multi-device and multi-quality data, some methods with strong generalizations are provided in the challenge to make the predictions more robust. This shows that REFUGE2 brings attention to the characteristics of real-world multi-domain data, bridging the gap between scientific research and clinical application.
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组织学图像中核和腺体的实例分割是用于癌症诊断,治疗计划和生存分析的计算病理学工作流程中的重要一步。随着现代硬件的出现,大规模质量公共数据集的最新可用性以及社区组织的宏伟挑战已经看到了自动化方法的激增,重点是特定领域的挑战,这对于技术进步和临床翻译至关重要。在这项调查中,深入分析了过去五年(2017-2022)中发表的原子核和腺体实例细分的126篇论文,进行了深入分析,讨论了当前方法的局限性和公开挑战。此外,提出了潜在的未来研究方向,并总结了最先进方法的贡献。此外,还提供了有关公开可用数据集的概括摘要以及关于说明每种挑战的最佳性能方法的巨大挑战的详细见解。此外,我们旨在使读者现有研究的现状和指针在未来的发展方向上开发可用于临床实践的方法,从而可以改善诊断,分级,预后和癌症的治疗计划。据我们所知,以前没有工作回顾了朝向这一方向的组织学图像中的实例细分。
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脊柱退化困扰着许多长老,办公室工作者,甚至是年轻世代。有效的药剂或外科干预措施可以帮助缓解退行性脊柱条件。然而,传统的诊断程序往往太费力了。临床专家需要从脊柱磁共振成像(MRI)或计算机断层扫描(CT)图像中检测椎间盘和椎骨作为进行病理诊断或术前评价的初步步骤。已经开发了机器学习系统,以帮助这一程序通常在两级方法之后:首先进行解剖定位,然后进行病理分类。为了更高效和准确的诊断,我们提出了一种单阶段检测框架,称为Spineone,同时定位和分类来自MRI切片的退化椎间盘和椎骨。脊柱内置于以下三个关键技术:1)Keypoint Heatmap的新设计,以促进同时关键点本地化和分类; 2)使用注意力模块更好地区分光盘和椎骨之间的表示; 3)一种新颖的梯度引导的客观协会机制,将多个学习目标与后来的培训阶段相关联。脊髓疾病智能诊断的经验结果Tianchi竞争(SDID-TC)550考试的数据集表明,我们的方法通过大幅度超越现有方法。
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从医用试剂染色图像中分割牙齿斑块为诊断和确定随访治疗计划提供了宝贵的信息。但是,准确的牙菌斑分割是一项具有挑战性的任务,需要识别牙齿和牙齿斑块受到语义腔区域的影响(即,在牙齿和牙齿斑块之间的边界区域中存在困惑的边界)以及实例形状的复杂变化,这些变化均未完全解决。现有方法。因此,我们提出了一个语义分解网络(SDNET),该网络介绍了两个单任务分支,以分别解决牙齿和牙齿斑块的分割,并设计了其他约束,以学习每个分支的特定类别特征,从而促进语义分解并改善该类别的特征牙齿分割的性能。具体而言,SDNET以分裂方式学习了两个单独的分割分支和牙齿的牙齿,以解除它们之间的纠缠关系。指定类别的每个分支都倾向于产生准确的分割。为了帮助这两个分支更好地关注特定类别的特征,进一步提出了两个约束模块:1)通过最大化不同类别表示之间的距离来学习判别特征表示,以了解判别特征表示形式,以减少减少负面影响关于特征提取的语义腔区域; 2)结构约束模块(SCM)通过监督边界感知的几何约束提供完整的结构信息,以提供各种形状的牙菌斑。此外,我们构建了一个大规模的开源染色牙菌斑分割数据集(SDPSEG),该数据集为牙齿和牙齿提供高质量的注释。 SDPSEG数据集的实验结果显示SDNET达到了最新的性能。
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晚期钆增强磁共振成像(LGE MRI)通常用于可视化和量化左心房(LA)疤痕。疤痕的位置和程度提供了心理生理学和心房颤动进展的重要信息(AF)。因此,LGE MRI的La Scar分段和量化可用于AF患者的计算机辅助诊断和治疗分层。由于手动描绘可能是耗时的,并且经过专家内和专家间变异性,因此非常需要自动化这种计算,这然而仍然仍然具有挑战性和研究。本文旨在为La腔,墙壁,瘢痕和消融差距分割和LGE MRI的定量提供系统审查,以及AF研究的相关文献。具体而言,我们首先总结AF相关的成像技术,特别是LGE MRI。然后,我们详细介绍了四个计算任务的方法,并总结了每个任务中应用的验证策略。最后,概述了未来可能的未来发展,简要调查了上述方法的潜在临床应用。审查表明,该主题的研究仍处于早期阶段。虽然已经提出了几种方法,但特别是对于LA分割,由于与图像采集的高度变化相关的性能问题和图像采集差异有关的性能问题,仍有很大的算法发展。
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随着深度学习方法的进步,如深度卷积神经网络,残余神经网络,对抗网络的进步。 U-Net架构最广泛利用生物医学图像分割,以解决目标区域或子区域的识别和检测的自动化。在最近的研究中,基于U-Net的方法在不同应用中显示了最先进的性能,以便在脑肿瘤,肺癌,阿尔茨海默,乳腺癌等疾病的早期诊断和治疗中发育计算机辅助诊断系统等,使用各种方式。本文通过描述U-Net框架来提出这些方法的成功,然后通过执行1)型号的U-Net变体进行综合分析,2)模特内分类,建立更好的见解相关的挑战和解决方案。此外,本文还强调了基于U-Net框架在持续的大流行病,严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-COV-2)中的贡献也称为Covid-19。最后,分析了这些U-Net变体的优点和相似性以及生物医学图像分割所涉及的挑战,以发现该领域的未来未来的研究方向。
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Achieving accurate and automated tumor segmentation plays an important role in both clinical practice and radiomics research. Segmentation in medicine is now often performed manually by experts, which is a laborious, expensive and error-prone task. Manual annotation relies heavily on the experience and knowledge of these experts. In addition, there is much intra- and interobserver variation. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a method that can automatically segment tumor target regions. In this paper, we propose a deep learning segmentation method based on multimodal positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT), which combines the high sensitivity of PET and the precise anatomical information of CT. We design an improved spatial attention network(ISA-Net) to increase the accuracy of PET or CT in detecting tumors, which uses multi-scale convolution operation to extract feature information and can highlight the tumor region location information and suppress the non-tumor region location information. In addition, our network uses dual-channel inputs in the coding stage and fuses them in the decoding stage, which can take advantage of the differences and complementarities between PET and CT. We validated the proposed ISA-Net method on two clinical datasets, a soft tissue sarcoma(STS) and a head and neck tumor(HECKTOR) dataset, and compared with other attention methods for tumor segmentation. The DSC score of 0.8378 on STS dataset and 0.8076 on HECKTOR dataset show that ISA-Net method achieves better segmentation performance and has better generalization. Conclusions: The method proposed in this paper is based on multi-modal medical image tumor segmentation, which can effectively utilize the difference and complementarity of different modes. The method can also be applied to other multi-modal data or single-modal data by proper adjustment.
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深度学习已被广​​泛用于医学图像分割,并且录制了录制了该领域深度学习的成功的大量论文。在本文中,我们使用深层学习技术对医学图像分割的全面主题调查。本文进行了两个原创贡献。首先,与传统调查相比,直接将深度学习的文献分成医学图像分割的文学,并为每组详细介绍了文献,我们根据从粗略到精细的多级结构分类目前流行的文献。其次,本文侧重于监督和弱监督的学习方法,而不包括无监督的方法,因为它们在许多旧调查中引入而且他们目前不受欢迎。对于监督学习方法,我们分析了三个方面的文献:骨干网络的选择,网络块的设计,以及损耗功能的改进。对于虚弱的学习方法,我们根据数据增强,转移学习和交互式分割进行调查文献。与现有调查相比,本调查将文献分类为比例不同,更方便读者了解相关理由,并将引导他们基于深度学习方法思考医学图像分割的适当改进。
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自动核细胞分割和分类在数字病理学中起着至关重要的作用。但是,以前的作品主要基于具有有限的多样性和小尺寸的数据构建,使得在实际下游任务中的结果可疑或误导。在本文中,我们的目标是建立一种可靠且强大的方法,能够处理“临床野生”中的数据。具体地,我们研究和设计一种同时检测,分段和分类来自血红素和曙红(H&E)染色的组织病理学数据的新方法,并使用最近的最大数据集评估我们的方法:Pannuke。我们以新颖的语义关键点估计问题解决每个核的检测和分类,以确定每个核的中心点。接下来,使用动态实例分段获得核心点的相应类别 - 不可止液掩模。通过解耦两个同步具有挑战性的任务,我们的方法可以从类别感知的检测和类别不可知的细分中受益,从而导致显着的性能提升。我们展示了我们提出的核细胞分割和分类方法的卓越性能,跨越19种不同的组织类型,提供了新的基准结果。
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Camouflaged object detection (COD) aims to detect/segment camouflaged objects embedded in the environment, which has attracted increasing attention over the past decades. Although several COD methods have been developed, they still suffer from unsatisfactory performance due to the intrinsic similarities between the foreground objects and background surroundings. In this paper, we propose a novel Feature Aggregation and Propagation Network (FAP-Net) for camouflaged object detection. Specifically, we propose a Boundary Guidance Module (BGM) to explicitly model the boundary characteristic, which can provide boundary-enhanced features to boost the COD performance. To capture the scale variations of the camouflaged objects, we propose a Multi-scale Feature Aggregation Module (MFAM) to characterize the multi-scale information from each layer and obtain the aggregated feature representations. Furthermore, we propose a Cross-level Fusion and Propagation Module (CFPM). In the CFPM, the feature fusion part can effectively integrate the features from adjacent layers to exploit the cross-level correlations, and the feature propagation part can transmit valuable context information from the encoder to the decoder network via a gate unit. Finally, we formulate a unified and end-to-end trainable framework where cross-level features can be effectively fused and propagated for capturing rich context information. Extensive experiments on three benchmark camouflaged datasets demonstrate that our FAP-Net outperforms other state-of-the-art COD models. Moreover, our model can be extended to the polyp segmentation task, and the comparison results further validate the effectiveness of the proposed model in segmenting polyps. The source code and results will be released at https://github.com/taozh2017/FAPNet.
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视网膜脉管系统的研究是筛查和诊断许多疾病的基本阶段。完整的视网膜血管分析需要将视网膜的血管分为动脉和静脉(A/V)。早期自动方法在两个顺序阶段接近这些分割和分类任务。但是,目前,这些任务是作为联合语义分割任务处理的,因为分类结果在很大程度上取决于血管分割的有效性。在这方面,我们提出了一种新的方法,用于从眼睛眼睛图像中对视网膜A/V进行分割和分类。特别是,我们提出了一种新颖的方法,该方法与以前的方法不同,并且由于新的损失,将联合任务分解为针对动脉,静脉和整个血管树的三个分割问题。这种配置允许直观地处理容器交叉口,并直接提供不同靶血管树的精确分割罩。提供的关于公共视网膜图血管树提取(RITE)数据集的消融研究表明,所提出的方法提供了令人满意的性能,尤其是在不同结构的分割中。此外,与最新技术的比较表明,我们的方法在A/V分类中获得了高度竞争的结果,同时显着改善了血管分割。提出的多段方法允许检测更多的血管,并更好地分割不同的结构,同时实现竞争性分类性能。同样,用这些术语来说,我们的方法优于各种参考作品的方法。此外,与以前的方法相比,该方法允许直接检测到容器交叉口,并在这些复杂位置保留A/V的连续性。
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Color fundus photography and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) are the two most cost-effective tools for glaucoma screening. Both two modalities of images have prominent biomarkers to indicate glaucoma suspected. Clinically, it is often recommended to take both of the screenings for a more accurate and reliable diagnosis. However, although numerous algorithms are proposed based on fundus images or OCT volumes in computer-aided diagnosis, there are still few methods leveraging both of the modalities for the glaucoma assessment. Inspired by the success of Retinal Fundus Glaucoma Challenge (REFUGE) we held previously, we set up the Glaucoma grAding from Multi-Modality imAges (GAMMA) Challenge to encourage the development of fundus \& OCT-based glaucoma grading. The primary task of the challenge is to grade glaucoma from both the 2D fundus images and 3D OCT scanning volumes. As part of GAMMA, we have publicly released a glaucoma annotated dataset with both 2D fundus color photography and 3D OCT volumes, which is the first multi-modality dataset for glaucoma grading. In addition, an evaluation framework is also established to evaluate the performance of the submitted methods. During the challenge, 1272 results were submitted, and finally, top-10 teams were selected to the final stage. We analysis their results and summarize their methods in the paper. Since all these teams submitted their source code in the challenge, a detailed ablation study is also conducted to verify the effectiveness of the particular modules proposed. We find many of the proposed techniques are practical for the clinical diagnosis of glaucoma. As the first in-depth study of fundus \& OCT multi-modality glaucoma grading, we believe the GAMMA Challenge will be an essential starting point for future research.
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X-ray imaging technology has been used for decades in clinical tasks to reveal the internal condition of different organs, and in recent years, it has become more common in other areas such as industry, security, and geography. The recent development of computer vision and machine learning techniques has also made it easier to automatically process X-ray images and several machine learning-based object (anomaly) detection, classification, and segmentation methods have been recently employed in X-ray image analysis. Due to the high potential of deep learning in related image processing applications, it has been used in most of the studies. This survey reviews the recent research on using computer vision and machine learning for X-ray analysis in industrial production and security applications and covers the applications, techniques, evaluation metrics, datasets, and performance comparison of those techniques on publicly available datasets. We also highlight some drawbacks in the published research and give recommendations for future research in computer vision-based X-ray analysis.
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人类生理学中的各种结构遵循特异性形态,通常在非常细的尺度上表达复杂性。这种结构的例子是胸前气道,视网膜血管和肝血管。可以观察到可以观察到可以观察到可以观察到可以观察到空间排列的磁共振成像(MRI),计算机断层扫描(CT),光学相干断层扫描(OCT)等医学成像模式(MRI),计算机断层扫描(CT),可以观察到空间排列的大量2D和3D图像的集合。这些结构在医学成像中的分割非常重要,因为对结构的分析提供了对疾病诊断,治疗计划和预后的见解。放射科医生手动标记广泛的数据通常是耗时且容易出错的。结果,在过去的二十年中,自动化或半自动化的计算模型已成为医学成像的流行研究领域,迄今为止,许多计算模型已经开发出来。在这项调查中,我们旨在对当前公开可用的数据集,细分算法和评估指标进行全面审查。此外,讨论了当前的挑战和未来的研究方向。
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光学相干断层扫描(OCT)有助于眼科医生评估黄斑水肿,流体的积累以及微观分辨率的病变。视网膜流体的定量对于OCT引导的治疗管理是必需的,这取决于精确的图像分割步骤。由于对视网膜流体的手动分析是一项耗时,主观和容易出错的任务,因此对快速和健壮的自动解决方案的需求增加了。在这项研究中,提出了一种名为Retifluidnet的新型卷积神经结构,用于多级视网膜流体分割。该模型受益于层次表示使用新的自适应双重注意(SDA)模块的纹理,上下文和边缘特征的学习,多个基于自适应的Skip Connections(SASC)以及一种新颖的多尺度深度自我监督学习(DSL)方案。拟议的SDA模块中的注意机制使该模型能够自动提取不同级别的变形感知表示,并且引入的SASC路径进一步考虑了空间通道相互依存,以串联编码器和解码器单元,从而提高了表示能力。还使用包含加权版本的骰子重叠和基于边缘的连接损失的联合损失函数进行了优化的retifluidnet,其中将多尺度局部损失的几个分层阶段集成到优化过程中。该模型根据三个公开可用数据集进行验证:润饰,Optima和Duke,并与几个基线进行了比较。数据集的实验结果证明了在视网膜OCT分割中提出的模型的有效性,并揭示了建议的方法比现有的最新流体分割算法更有效,以适应各种图像扫描仪器记录的视网膜OCT扫描。
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尽管已经开发了疫苗,并且国家疫苗接种率正在稳步提高,但2019年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)仍对世界各地的医疗保健系统产生负面影响。在当前阶段,从CT图像中自动分割肺部感染区域对于诊断和治疗COVID-19至关重要。得益于深度学习技术的发展,已经提出了一些针对肺部感染细分的深度学习解决方案。但是,由于分布分布,复杂的背景干扰和界限模糊,现有模型的准确性和完整性仍然不令人满意。为此,我们在本文中提出了一个边界引导的语义学习网络(BSNET)。一方面,结合顶级语义保存和渐进式语义集成的双分支语义增强模块旨在建模不同的高级特征之间的互补关系,从而促进产生更完整的分割结果。另一方面,提出了镜像对称边界引导模块,以以镜像对称方式准确检测病变区域的边界。公开可用数据集的实验表明,我们的BSNET优于现有的最新竞争对手,并实现了44 fps的实时推理速度。
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