研究部门在组织中推动创新的重要作用。随着速度和量的信息增长,绘制见解,跟随趋势,保持新的研究以及制定策略的配制策略越来越越来越具有挑战性。在本文中,我们介绍了一个用例,即公司研究界如何利用语义网络技术来诱导从结构化和文本数据中诱导统一的知识图,通过整合与研究项目相关的社区使用的各种应用程序,学术论文,学术论文,数据集,成就和认可。为了使应用程序开发人员更容易访问知识图,我们确定了一组通用模式,用于利用诱导的知识并将其视为API。这些模式是从用户研究中诞生的,这些模式确定了最有价值的用例或用户疼痛点要缓解。我们概述了两个不同的方案:用于业务使用的建议和分析。我们将详细讨论这些方案,并针对实体建议提供经验评估。所使用的方法和从这项工作中学到的教训可以应用于面临类似挑战的其他组织。
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各种网络的部署(例如,事物互联网(IOT)和移动网络),数据库(例如,营养表和食品组成数据库)和社交媒体(例如,Instagram和Twitter)产生大量的多型食品数据,这在食品科学和工业中起着关键作用。然而,由于众所周知的数据协调问题,这些多源食品数据显示为信息孤岛,导致难以充分利用这些食物数据。食物知识图表提供了统一和标准化的概念术语及其结构形式的关系,因此可以将食物信息孤单转换为更可重复使用的全球数量数字连接的食物互联网以使各种应用有益。据我们所知,这是食品科学与工业中食品知识图表的第一个全面审查。我们首先提供知识图表的简要介绍,然后主要从食物分类,食品本体到食品知识图表的进展。粮食知识图表的代表性应用将在新的配方开发,食品可追溯性,食物数据可视化,个性化饮食推荐,食品搜索和质询回答,视觉食品对象识别,食品机械智能制造方面来概述。我们还讨论了该领域的未来方向,例如食品供应链系统和人类健康的食品知识图,这应该得到进一步的研究。他们的巨大潜力将吸引更多的研究努力,将食物知识图形应用于食品科学和工业领域。
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叙事制图是一项学科,研究了故事和地图的交织性质。然而,叙述的传统地理化技术经常遇到几个突出的挑战,包括数据采集和一体化挑战和语义挑战。为了解决这些挑战,在本文中,我们提出了具有知识图表(KGS)的叙事制图的想法。首先,要解决数据采集和集成挑战,我们开发了一组基于KG的地理学工具箱,以允许用户从GISYstem内搜索和检索来自集成跨域知识图中的相关数据以获得来自GISYSTEM的叙述映射。在此工具的帮助下,来自KG的检索数据以GIS格式直接实现,该格式已准备好用于空间分析和映射。两种用例 - 麦哲伦的远征和第二次世界大战 - 被提出展示了这种方法的有效性。与此同时,从这种方法中确定了几个限制,例如数据不完整,语义不相容,以及地理化的语义挑战。对于后面的两个限制,我们为叙事制图提出了一个模块化本体,它将地图内容(地图内容模块)和地理化过程(制图模块)正式化。我们证明,通过代表KGS(本体)中的地图内容和地理化过程,我们可以实现数据可重用性和叙事制图的地图再现性。
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由于对高效有效的大数据分析解决方案的需求,医疗保健行业中数据分析的合并已取得了重大进展。知识图(KGS)已在该领域证明了效用,并且植根于许多医疗保健应用程序,以提供更好的数据表示和知识推断。但是,由于缺乏代表性的kg施工分类法,该指定领域中的几种现有方法不足和劣等。本文是第一个提供综合分类法和鸟类对医疗kg建筑的眼光的看法。此外,还对与各种医疗保健背景相关的学术工作中最新的技术进行了彻底的检查。这些技术是根据用于知识提取的方法,知识库和来源的类型以及合并评估协议的方法进行了严格评估的。最后,报道和讨论了文献中的一些研究发现和现有问题,为这个充满活力的地区开放了未来研究的视野。
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Practices in the built environment have become more digitalized with the rapid development of modern design and construction technologies. However, the requirement of practitioners or scholars to gather complicated professional knowledge in the built environment has not been satisfied yet. In this paper, more than 80,000 paper abstracts in the built environment field were obtained to build a knowledge graph, a knowledge base storing entities and their connective relations in a graph-structured data model. To ensure the retrieval accuracy of the entities and relations in the knowledge graph, two well-annotated datasets have been created, containing 2,000 instances and 1,450 instances each in 29 relations for the named entity recognition task and relation extraction task respectively. These two tasks were solved by two BERT-based models trained on the proposed dataset. Both models attained an accuracy above 85% on these two tasks. More than 200,000 high-quality relations and entities were obtained using these models to extract all abstract data. Finally, this knowledge graph is presented as a self-developed visualization system to reveal relations between various entities in the domain. Both the source code and the annotated dataset can be found here: https://github.com/HKUST-KnowComp/BEKG.
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We propose KnowGL, a tool that allows converting text into structured relational data represented as a set of ABox assertions compliant with the TBox of a given Knowledge Graph (KG), such as Wikidata. We address this problem as a sequence generation task by leveraging pre-trained sequence-to-sequence language models, e.g. BART. Given a sentence, we fine-tune such models to detect pairs of entity mentions and jointly generate a set of facts consisting of the full set of semantic annotations for a KG, such as entity labels, entity types, and their relationships. To showcase the capabilities of our tool, we build a web application consisting of a set of UI widgets that help users to navigate through the semantic data extracted from a given input text. We make the KnowGL model available at https://huggingface.co/ibm/knowgl-large.
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自动问题应答(QA)系统的目的是以时间有效的方式向用户查询提供答案。通常在数据库(或知识库)或通常被称为语料库的文件集合中找到答案。在过去的几十年里,收购知识的扩散,因此生物医学领域的新科学文章一直是指数增长。因此,即使对于领域专家,也难以跟踪域中的所有信息。随着商业搜索引擎的改进,用户可以在某些情况下键入其查询并获得最相关的一小组文档,以及在某些情况下从文档中的相关片段。但是,手动查找所需信息或答案可能仍然令人疑惑和耗时。这需要开发高效的QA系统,该系统旨在为用户提供精确和精确的答案提供了生物医学领域的自然语言问题。在本文中,我们介绍了用于开发普通域QA系统的基本方法,然后彻底调查生物医学QA系统的不同方面,包括使用结构化数据库和文本集合的基准数据集和几种提出的方​​法。我们还探讨了当前系统的局限性,并探索潜在的途径以获得进一步的进步。
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Any organization needs to improve their products, services, and processes. In this context, engaging with customers and understanding their journey is essential. Organizations have leveraged various techniques and technologies to support customer engagement, from call centres to chatbots and virtual agents. Recently, these systems have used Machine Learning (ML) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) to analyze large volumes of customer feedback and engagement data. The goal is to understand customers in context and provide meaningful answers across various channels. Despite multiple advances in Conversational Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Recommender Systems (RS), it is still challenging to understand the intent behind customer questions during the customer journey. To address this challenge, in this paper, we study and analyze the recent work in Conversational Recommender Systems (CRS) in general and, more specifically, in chatbot-based CRS. We introduce a pipeline to contextualize the input utterances in conversations. We then take the next step towards leveraging reverse feature engineering to link the contextualized input and learning model to support intent recognition. Since performance evaluation is achieved based on different ML models, we use transformer base models to evaluate the proposed approach using a labelled dialogue dataset (MSDialogue) of question-answering interactions between information seekers and answer providers.
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Digital media have enabled the access to unprecedented literary knowledge. Authors, readers, and scholars are now able to discover and share an increasing amount of information about books and their authors. Notwithstanding, digital archives are still unbalanced: writers from non-Western countries are less represented, and such a condition leads to the perpetration of old forms of discrimination. In this paper, we present the Under-Represented Writers Knowledge Graph (URW-KG), a resource designed to explore and possibly amend this lack of representation by gathering and mapping information about works and authors from Wikidata and three other sources: Open Library, Goodreads, and Google Books. The experiments based on KG embeddings showed that the integrated information encoded in the graph allows scholars and users to be more easily exposed to non-Western literary works and authors with respect to Wikidata alone. This opens to the development of fairer and effective tools for author discovery and exploration.
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Wikidata是一个经常更新,社区驱动和多语言知识图形。因此,Wikidata是实体联系的一个有吸引力的基础,这是最近发表论文的增加显而易见的。该调查侧重于四个主题:(1)存在哪些Wikidata实体链接数据集,它们是多么广泛使用,它们是如何构建的? (2)对实体联系数据集的设计进行Wikidata的特点,如果是的话,怎么样? (3)当前实体链接方法如何利用Wikidata的特定特征? (4)现有实体链接方法未开发哪种Wikidata特征?本次调查显示,当前的Wikidata特定实体链接数据集在其他知识图表中的方案中的注释方案中没有不同。因此,没有提升多语言和时间依赖数据集的可能性,是自然适合维基帽的数据集。此外,我们表明大多数实体链接方法使用Wikidata以与任何其他知识图相同的方式,因为任何其他知识图都缺少了利用Wikidata特定特征来提高质量的机会。几乎所有方法都使用标签等特定属性,有时是描述,而是忽略超关系结构等特征。因此,例如,通过包括超关系图嵌入或类型信息,仍有改进的余地。许多方法还包括来自维基百科的信息,这些信息很容易与Wikidata组合并提供有价值的文本信息,Wikidata缺乏。
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Software-related platforms have enabled their users to collaboratively label software entities with topics. Tagging software repositories with relevant topics can be exploited for facilitating various downstream tasks. For instance, a correct and complete set of topics assigned to a repository can increase its visibility. Consequently, this improves the outcome of tasks such as browsing, searching, navigation, and organization of repositories. Unfortunately, assigned topics are usually highly noisy, and some repositories do not have well-assigned topics. Thus, there have been efforts on recommending topics for software projects, however, the semantic relationships among these topics have not been exploited so far. We propose two recommender models for tagging software projects that incorporate the semantic relationship among topics. Our approach has two main phases; (1) we first take a collaborative approach to curate a dataset of quality topics specifically for the domain of software engineering and development. We also enrich this data with the semantic relationships among these topics and encapsulate them in a knowledge graph we call SED-KGraph. Then, (2) we build two recommender systems; The first one operates only based on the list of original topics assigned to a repository and the relationships specified in our knowledge graph. The second predictive model, however, assumes there are no topics available for a repository, hence it proceeds to predict the relevant topics based on both textual information of a software project and SED-KGraph. We built SED-KGraph in a crowd-sourced project with 170 contributors from both academia and industry. The experiment results indicate that our solutions outperform baselines that neglect the semantic relationships among topics by at least 25% and 23% in terms of ASR and MAP metrics.
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In this chapter, we review and discuss the transformation of AI technology in HCI/UX work and assess how AI technology will change how we do the work. We first discuss how AI can be used to enhance the result of user research and design evaluation. We then discuss how AI technology can be used to enhance HCI/UX design. Finally, we discuss how AI-enabled capabilities can improve UX when users interact with computing systems, applications, and services.
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全球DataSphere快速增加,预计将达到20251年的175个Zettabytes。但是,大多数内容都是非结构化的,并且无法通过机器可以理解。将此数据构建到知识图中,使得智能应用程序具有诸如深度问题的智能应用,推荐系统,语义搜索等。知识图是一种新兴技术,允许使用内容与上下文一起逻辑推理和揭示新的洞察。因此,它提供了必要的语法和推理语义,使得能够解决复杂的医疗保健,安全,金融机构,经济学和业务问题。作为一项结果,企业正在努力建设和维护知识图表,以支持各种下游应用。手动方法太贵了。自动化方案可以降低建设知识图的成本,高达15-250次。本文批评了最先进的自动化技术,以自主地生成近乎人类的近乎人类的质量。此外,它突出了需要解决的不同研究问题,以提供高质量的知识图表
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科学家在寻找最佳的输入资源来解决目标预测任务的最佳输入资源方面的困难是在知识图图图上训练算法的主要障碍之一。除此之外,一个关键的挑战是确定如何操纵(和嵌入)这些数据,这些数据通常以特定的三元组(即主题,谓词,对象)的形式来启用学习过程。在本文中,我们描述了Liveschema倡议,即一个门户,该网关提供了一个服务家庭,可以轻松访问,分析,转换和利用知识图模式,其主要目标是促进这些资源在机器学习用例中的重复使用。作为该计划的早期实施,我们还推进了一个在线目录,该目录依赖于800多个资源,并提供了第一组示例服务。
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DBpedia is a community effort to extract structured information from Wikipedia and to make this information available on the Web. DBpedia allows you to ask sophisticated queries against datasets derived from Wikipedia and to link other datasets on the Web to Wikipedia data. We describe the extraction of the DBpedia datasets, and how the resulting information is published on the Web for human-and machine-consumption. We describe some emerging applications from the DBpedia community and show how website authors can facilitate DBpedia content within their sites. Finally, we present the current status of interlinking DBpedia with other open datasets on the Web and outline how DBpedia could serve as a nucleus for an emerging Web of open data.
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自然语言处理(NLP)是一个人工智能领域,它应用信息技术来处理人类语言,在一定程度上理解并在各种应用中使用它。在过去的几年中,该领域已经迅速发展,现在采用了深层神经网络的现代变体来从大型文本语料库中提取相关模式。这项工作的主要目的是调查NLP在药理学领域的最新使用。正如我们的工作所表明的那样,NLP是药理学高度相关的信息提取和处理方法。它已被广泛使用,从智能搜索到成千上万的医疗文件到在社交媒体中找到对抗性药物相互作用的痕迹。我们将覆盖范围分为五个类别,以调查现代NLP方法论,常见的任务,相关的文本数据,知识库和有用的编程库。我们将这五个类别分为适当的子类别,描述其主要属性和想法,并以表格形式进行总结。最终的调查介绍了该领域的全面概述,对从业者和感兴趣的观察者有用。
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Recent years have witnessed the resurgence of knowledge engineering which is featured by the fast growth of knowledge graphs. However, most of existing knowledge graphs are represented with pure symbols, which hurts the machine's capability to understand the real world. The multi-modalization of knowledge graphs is an inevitable key step towards the realization of human-level machine intelligence. The results of this endeavor are Multi-modal Knowledge Graphs (MMKGs). In this survey on MMKGs constructed by texts and images, we first give definitions of MMKGs, followed with the preliminaries on multi-modal tasks and techniques. We then systematically review the challenges, progresses and opportunities on the construction and application of MMKGs respectively, with detailed analyses of the strength and weakness of different solutions. We finalize this survey with open research problems relevant to MMKGs.
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在科学研究中,该方法是解决科学问题和关键研究对象的必不可少手段。随着科学的发展,正在提出,修改和使用许多科学方法。作者在抽象和身体文本中描述了该方法的详细信息,并且反映该方法名称的学术文献中的关键实体称为方法实体。在大量的学术文献中探索各种方法实体有助于学者了解现有方法,为研究任务选择适当的方法并提出新方法。此外,方法实体的演变可以揭示纪律的发展并促进知识发现。因此,本文对方法论和经验作品进行了系统的综述,重点是从全文学术文献中提取方法实体,并努力使用这些提取的方法实体来建立知识服务。首先提出了本综述涉及的关键概念的定义。基于这些定义,我们系统地审查了提取和评估方法实体的方法和指标,重点是每种方法的利弊。我们还调查了如何使用提取的方法实体来构建新应用程序。最后,讨论了现有作品的限制以及潜在的下一步。
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在这个大数据时代,当前一代很难从在线平台中包含的大量数据中找到正确的数据。在这种情况下,需要一个信息过滤系统,可以帮助他们找到所需的信息。近年来,出现了一个称为推荐系统的研究领域。推荐人变得重要,因为他们拥有许多现实生活应用。本文回顾了推荐系统在电子商务,电子商务,电子资源,电子政务,电子学习和电子生活中的不同技术和发展。通过分析有关该主题的最新工作,我们将能够详细概述当前的发展,并确定建议系统中的现有困难。最终结果为从业者和研究人员提供了对建议系统及其应用的必要指导和见解。
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使用计算笔记本(例如,Jupyter Notebook),数据科学家根据他们的先前经验和外部知识(如在线示例)合理化他们的探索性数据分析(EDA)。对于缺乏关于数据集或问题的具体了解的新手或数据科学家,有效地获得和理解外部信息对于执行EDA至关重要。本文介绍了eDassistant,一个jupyterlab扩展,支持EDA的原位搜索示例笔记本电脑和有用的API的推荐,由搜索结果的新颖交互式可视化供电。代码搜索和推荐是由最先进的机器学习模型启用的,培训在线收集的EDA笔记本电脑的大型语料库。进行用户学习,以调查埃迪卡斯特和数据科学家的当前实践(即,使用外部搜索引擎)。结果证明了埃迪斯坦特的有效性和有用性,与会者赞赏其对EDA的顺利和环境支持。我们还报告了有关代码推荐工具的几种设计意义。
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