The material science literature contains up-to-date and comprehensive scientific knowledge of materials. However, their content is unstructured and diverse, resulting in a significant gap in providing sufficient information for material design and synthesis. To this end, we used natural language processing (NLP) and computer vision (CV) techniques based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) to discover valuable experimental-based information about nanomaterials and synthesis methods in energy-material-related publications. Our first system, TextMaster, extracts opinions from texts and classifies them into challenges and opportunities, achieving 94% and 92% accuracy, respectively. Our second system, GraphMaster, realizes data extraction of tables and figures from publications with 98.3\% classification accuracy and 4.3% data extraction mean square error. Our results show that these systems could assess the suitability of materials for a certain application by evaluation of synthesis insights and case analysis with detailed references. This work offers a fresh perspective on mining knowledge from scientific literature, providing a wide swatch to accelerate nanomaterial research through CNN.
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社交媒体网络已成为人们生活的重要方面,它是其思想,观点和情感的平台。因此,自动化情绪分析(SA)对于以其他信息来源无法识别人们的感受至关重要。对这些感觉的分析揭示了各种应用,包括品牌评估,YouTube电影评论和医疗保健应用。随着社交媒体的不断发展,人们以不同形式发布大量信息,包括文本,照片,音频和视频。因此,传统的SA算法已变得有限,因为它们不考虑其他方式的表现力。通过包括来自各种物质来源的此类特征,这些多模式数据流提供了新的机会,以优化基于文本的SA之外的预期结果。我们的研究重点是多模式SA的最前沿领域,该领域研究了社交媒体网络上发布的视觉和文本数据。许多人更有可能利用这些信息在这些平台上表达自己。为了作为这个快速增长的领域的学者资源,我们介绍了文本和视觉SA的全面概述,包括数据预处理,功能提取技术,情感基准数据集以及适合每个字段的多重分类方法的疗效。我们还简要介绍了最常用的数据融合策略,并提供了有关Visual Textual SA的现有研究的摘要。最后,我们重点介绍了最重大的挑战,并调查了一些重要的情感应用程序。
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在科学研究中,该方法是解决科学问题和关键研究对象的必不可少手段。随着科学的发展,正在提出,修改和使用许多科学方法。作者在抽象和身体文本中描述了该方法的详细信息,并且反映该方法名称的学术文献中的关键实体称为方法实体。在大量的学术文献中探索各种方法实体有助于学者了解现有方法,为研究任务选择适当的方法并提出新方法。此外,方法实体的演变可以揭示纪律的发展并促进知识发现。因此,本文对方法论和经验作品进行了系统的综述,重点是从全文学术文献中提取方法实体,并努力使用这些提取的方法实体来建立知识服务。首先提出了本综述涉及的关键概念的定义。基于这些定义,我们系统地审查了提取和评估方法实体的方法和指标,重点是每种方法的利弊。我们还调查了如何使用提取的方法实体来构建新应用程序。最后,讨论了现有作品的限制以及潜在的下一步。
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Future work sentences (FWS) are the particular sentences in academic papers that contain the author's description of their proposed follow-up research direction. This paper presents methods to automatically extract FWS from academic papers and classify them according to the different future directions embodied in the paper's content. FWS recognition methods will enable subsequent researchers to locate future work sentences more accurately and quickly and reduce the time and cost of acquiring the corpus. The current work on automatic identification of future work sentences is relatively small, and the existing research cannot accurately identify FWS from academic papers, and thus cannot conduct data mining on a large scale. Furthermore, there are many aspects to the content of future work, and the subdivision of the content is conducive to the analysis of specific development directions. In this paper, Nature Language Processing (NLP) is used as a case study, and FWS are extracted from academic papers and classified into different types. We manually build an annotated corpus with six different types of FWS. Then, automatic recognition and classification of FWS are implemented using machine learning models, and the performance of these models is compared based on the evaluation metrics. The results show that the Bernoulli Bayesian model has the best performance in the automatic recognition task, with the Macro F1 reaching 90.73%, and the SCIBERT model has the best performance in the automatic classification task, with the weighted average F1 reaching 72.63%. Finally, we extract keywords from FWS and gain a deep understanding of the key content described in FWS, and we also demonstrate that content determination in FWS will be reflected in the subsequent research work by measuring the similarity between future work sentences and the abstracts.
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目的本文的目的是探讨哪些学术文章裁判的结构将更加关注,具体内容裁判的重点是哪些特定内容,以及中国的分布是否与引用有关。设计/方法/方法首先,利用节标题和分层注意网络模型(HAN)的特征单词来识别学术文章结构。其次,根据PRC中规则提取的位置信息在不同结构中的分布。第三,分析通过卡方检验和TF-IDF在不同结构中提取的PRC特征单词的分布。最后,使用四种相关分析方法来分析PRC在不同结构中的分布是否与引用相关。发现在材料和方法和结果部分中分布的PRC计数远远超过了引言和讨论的结构,这表明裁判员更多地关注材料,方法和结果。中国在不同结构中的特征单词的分布显然是不同的,这可以反映裁判员关注的内容。中国在不同结构中的分布与引用之间没有相关性。由于裁判员写同行评审报告的差异,研究的局限性/含义,用于提取位置信息的规则不能涵盖所有中国的所有中国。原创性/价值本文在不同的学术文章结构中发现了中国分布的一种模式,证明了长期的经验理解。它还提供了对学术文章写作的见解:研究人员应确保方法的科学性和撰写学术文章的结果的可靠性,以获得裁判的高度认可。
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了解全文学术文章的关键见解至关重要,因为它使我们能够确定有趣的趋势,洞悉研究和发展,并构建知识图。但是,只有在考虑全文时才可用一些有趣的关键见解。尽管研究人员在简短文档中的信息提取方面取得了重大进展,但从全文学术文献中提取科学实体仍然是一个具有挑战性的问题。这项工作提出了一种称为ENEREX的自动端对端研究实体提取器,用于提取技术集,客观任务,全文学术学术研究文章等技术方面。此外,我们提取了三个新颖的方面,例如源代码,计算资源,编程语言/库中的链接。我们演示了Enerex如何从计算机科学领域的大规模数据集中提取关键见解和趋势。我们进一步测试了多个数据集上的管道,发现ENEREX在最新模型的状态下进行了改进。我们强调了现有数据集的能力如何受到限制,以及enerex如何适应现有知识图。我们还向未来研究的指针进行了详细的讨论。我们的代码和数据可在https://github.com/discoveryanalyticscenter/enerex上公开获取。
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同行评审是一项广泛接受的研究评估机制,在学术出版中发挥关键作用。然而,批评已经长期升级了这种机制,主要是因为它的低效率和主体性。近年来已经看到人工智能(AI)在协助同行评审过程中的应用。尽管如此,随着人类的参与,这种限制仍然是不可避免的。在本文中,我们提出了自动化学术纸质审查(ASPR)的概念,并审查了相关的文献和技术,讨论实现全面的计算机化审查流程的可能性。我们进一步研究了现有技术ASPR的挑战。在审查和讨论的基础上,我们得出结论,ASPR的每个阶段都有相应的研究和技术。这验证了随着相关技术继续发展的长期可以实现ASPR。其实现中的主要困难在于不完美的文献解析和表示,数据不足,数据缺陷,人机互动和有缺陷的深度逻辑推理。在可预见的未来,ASPR和同行评审将在ASPR能够充分承担从人类的审查工作量之前以加强方式共存。
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专利数据已用于工程设计研究,因为它包含大量的设计信息。人工智能和数据科学的最新进展呈现了我前所未有的机会,分析和对专利数据感开发设计理论和方法。在此,我们通过他们的贡献来调查专利设计文献,以设计理论,方法,工具和策略,以及不同形式的专利数据和各种方法。我们的评论阐明了对该领域的未来研究方向的光临。
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学术研究是解决以前从未解决过的问题的探索活动。通过这种性质,每个学术研究工作都需要进行文献审查,以区分其Novelties尚未通过事先作品解决。在自然语言处理中,该文献综述通常在“相关工作”部分下进行。鉴于研究文件的其余部分和引用的论文列表,自动相关工作生成的任务旨在自动生成“相关工作”部分。虽然这项任务是在10年前提出的,但直到最近,它被认为是作为科学多文件摘要问题的变种。然而,即使在今天,尚未标准化了自动相关工作和引用文本生成的问题。在这项调查中,我们进行了一个元研究,从问题制定,数据集收集,方法方法,绩效评估和未来前景的角度来比较相关工作的现有文献,以便为读者洞察到国家的进步 - 最内容的研究,以及如何进行未来的研究。我们还调查了我们建议未来工作要考虑整合的相关研究领域。
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本次调查绘制了用于分析社交媒体数据的生成方法的研究状态的广泛的全景照片(Sota)。它填补了空白,因为现有的调查文章在其范围内或被约会。我们包括两个重要方面,目前正在挖掘和建模社交媒体的重要性:动态和网络。社会动态对于了解影响影响或疾病的传播,友谊的形成,友谊的形成等,另一方面,可以捕获各种复杂关系,提供额外的洞察力和识别否则将不会被注意的重要模式。
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人格检测是心理学和自动人格预测(或感知)(APP)的一个古老话题,是对不同类型的人类生成/交换内容(例如文本,语音,图像,视频,视频)对个性的自动化(计算)预测。这项研究的主要目的是自2010年以来对应用程序的自然语言处理方法进行浅(总体)审查。随着深度学习的出现并遵循NLP的转移学习和预先培训的模型,应用程序研究领域已经成为一个热门话题,因此在这篇评论中,方法分为三个;预先训练的独立,预训练的基于模型的多模式方法。此外,为了获得全面的比较,数据集为报告的结果提供了信息。
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The International Workshop on Reading Music Systems (WoRMS) is a workshop that tries to connect researchers who develop systems for reading music, such as in the field of Optical Music Recognition, with other researchers and practitioners that could benefit from such systems, like librarians or musicologists. The relevant topics of interest for the workshop include, but are not limited to: Music reading systems; Optical music recognition; Datasets and performance evaluation; Image processing on music scores; Writer identification; Authoring, editing, storing and presentation systems for music scores; Multi-modal systems; Novel input-methods for music to produce written music; Web-based Music Information Retrieval services; Applications and projects; Use-cases related to written music. These are the proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Reading Music Systems, held in Delft on the 2nd of November 2019.
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深度学习属于人工智能领域,机器执行通常需要某种人类智能的任务。类似于大脑的基本结构,深度学习算法包括一种人工神经网络,其类似于生物脑结构。利用他们的感官模仿人类的学习过程,深入学习网络被送入(感官)数据,如文本,图像,视频或声音。这些网络在不同的任务中优于最先进的方法,因此,整个领域在过去几年中看到了指数增长。这种增长在过去几年中每年超过10,000多种出版物。例如,只有在医疗领域中的所有出版物中覆盖的搜索引擎只能在Q3 2020中覆盖所有出版物的子集,用于搜索术语“深度学习”,其中大约90%来自过去三年。因此,对深度学习领域的完全概述已经不可能在不久的将来获得,并且在不久的将来可能会难以获得难以获得子场的概要。但是,有几个关于深度学习的综述文章,这些文章专注于特定的科学领域或应用程序,例如计算机愿景的深度学习进步或在物体检测等特定任务中进行。随着这些调查作为基础,这一贡献的目的是提供对不同科学学科的深度学习的第一个高级,分类的元调查。根据底层数据来源(图像,语言,医疗,混合)选择了类别(计算机愿景,语言处理,医疗信息和其他工程)。此外,我们还审查了每个子类别的常见架构,方法,专业,利弊,评估,挑战和未来方向。
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The stock market prediction has been a traditional yet complex problem researched within diverse research areas and application domains due to its non-linear, highly volatile and complex nature. Existing surveys on stock market prediction often focus on traditional machine learning methods instead of deep learning methods. Deep learning has dominated many domains, gained much success and popularity in recent years in stock market prediction. This motivates us to provide a structured and comprehensive overview of the research on stock market prediction focusing on deep learning techniques. We present four elaborated subtasks of stock market prediction and propose a novel taxonomy to summarize the state-of-the-art models based on deep neural networks from 2011 to 2022. In addition, we also provide detailed statistics on the datasets and evaluation metrics commonly used in the stock market. Finally, we highlight some open issues and point out several future directions by sharing some new perspectives on stock market prediction.
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在本文中,我们将科学文章分类为自然语言处理(NLP)和机器学习(ML)的科学文章(i)是否通过引入击败现有模型或的新型技术来扩展当前的最新技术是否(ii)他们是否主要批评现有的最新技术,即,它相对于某些属性(例如,错误的评估,错误的数据集,误导性的任务规范)不足。我们将(i)下的贡献称为具有\ enquote {正姿势}和(ii)下的贡献为具有\ enquote {负姿势}(对相关工作)。我们注释来自NLP和ML的1.5k纸以超过1.5k的论文来培训基于SCIBERT的模型,以自动根据其标题和抽象来预测论文的立场。然后,我们分析了NLP和ML的最后35年$ 35年以上的41k纸上的大规模趋势,发现随着时间的流逝,论文变得更加积极,但是负面论文也变得更加负面,我们观察到更多的负面论文,我们观察到了更多的负面论文。最近几年。在收到的引用方面,负面论文也更具影响力。
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不断增加的材料科学文章使得很难从已发表的文献中推断化学结构 - 培训关系。我们使用自然语言处理(NLP)方法从聚合物文献的摘要中自动提取材料属性数据。作为我们管道的组成部分,我们使用240万材料科学摘要培训了一种语言模型的材料,该材料模型在用作文本编码器时,在五分之三命名实体识别数据集中的其他基线模型都优于其他基线模型。使用此管道,我们在60小时内从约130,000个摘要中获得了约300,000个物质记录。分析了提取的数据,分析了各种应用,例如燃料电池,超级电容器和聚合物太阳能电池,以恢复非平凡的见解。通过我们的管道提取的数据可通过https://polymerscholar.org的Web平台提供,该数据可方便地定位摘要中记录的材料属性数据。这项工作证明了自动管道的可行性,该管道从已发布的文献开始,并以一组完整的提取物质属性信息结束。
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自然语言处理(NLP)是一个人工智能领域,它应用信息技术来处理人类语言,在一定程度上理解并在各种应用中使用它。在过去的几年中,该领域已经迅速发展,现在采用了深层神经网络的现代变体来从大型文本语料库中提取相关模式。这项工作的主要目的是调查NLP在药理学领域的最新使用。正如我们的工作所表明的那样,NLP是药理学高度相关的信息提取和处理方法。它已被广泛使用,从智能搜索到成千上万的医疗文件到在社交媒体中找到对抗性药物相互作用的痕迹。我们将覆盖范围分为五个类别,以调查现代NLP方法论,常见的任务,相关的文本数据,知识库和有用的编程库。我们将这五个类别分为适当的子类别,描述其主要属性和想法,并以表格形式进行总结。最终的调查介绍了该领域的全面概述,对从业者和感兴趣的观察者有用。
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Intelligently extracting and linking complex scientific information from unstructured text is a challenging endeavor particularly for those inexperienced with natural language processing. Here, we present a simple sequence-to-sequence approach to joint named entity recognition and relation extraction for complex hierarchical information in scientific text. The approach leverages a pre-trained large language model (LLM), GPT-3, that is fine-tuned on approximately 500 pairs of prompts (inputs) and completions (outputs). Information is extracted either from single sentences or across sentences in abstracts/passages, and the output can be returned as simple English sentences or a more structured format, such as a list of JSON objects. We demonstrate that LLMs trained in this way are capable of accurately extracting useful records of complex scientific knowledge for three representative tasks in materials chemistry: linking dopants with their host materials, cataloging metal-organic frameworks, and general chemistry/phase/morphology/application information extraction. This approach represents a simple, accessible, and highly-flexible route to obtaining large databases of structured knowledge extracted from unstructured text. An online demo is available at http://www.matscholar.com/info-extraction.
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X-ray imaging technology has been used for decades in clinical tasks to reveal the internal condition of different organs, and in recent years, it has become more common in other areas such as industry, security, and geography. The recent development of computer vision and machine learning techniques has also made it easier to automatically process X-ray images and several machine learning-based object (anomaly) detection, classification, and segmentation methods have been recently employed in X-ray image analysis. Due to the high potential of deep learning in related image processing applications, it has been used in most of the studies. This survey reviews the recent research on using computer vision and machine learning for X-ray analysis in industrial production and security applications and covers the applications, techniques, evaluation metrics, datasets, and performance comparison of those techniques on publicly available datasets. We also highlight some drawbacks in the published research and give recommendations for future research in computer vision-based X-ray analysis.
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The number of scientific publications continues to rise exponentially, especially in Computer Science (CS). However, current solutions to analyze those publications restrict access behind a paywall, offer no features for visual analysis, limit access to their data, only focus on niches or sub-fields, and/or are not flexible and modular enough to be transferred to other datasets. In this thesis, we conduct a scientometric analysis to uncover the implicit patterns hidden in CS metadata and to determine the state of CS research. Specifically, we investigate trends of the quantity, impact, and topics for authors, venues, document types (conferences vs. journals), and fields of study (compared to, e.g., medicine). To achieve this we introduce the CS-Insights system, an interactive web application to analyze CS publications with various dashboards, filters, and visualizations. The data underlying this system is the DBLP Discovery Dataset (D3), which contains metadata from 5 million CS publications. Both D3 and CS-Insights are open-access, and CS-Insights can be easily adapted to other datasets in the future. The most interesting findings of our scientometric analysis include that i) there has been a stark increase in publications, authors, and venues in the last two decades, ii) many authors only recently joined the field, iii) the most cited authors and venues focus on computer vision and pattern recognition, while the most productive prefer engineering-related topics, iv) the preference of researchers to publish in conferences over journals dwindles, v) on average, journal articles receive twice as many citations compared to conference papers, but the contrast is much smaller for the most cited conferences and journals, and vi) journals also get more citations in all other investigated fields of study, while only CS and engineering publish more in conferences than journals.
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