BlenderBot 2.0是通过使用Internet搜索模块和多次会话来反映实时信息和记住用户信息来表示开放式聊天聊天的对话模型。尽管如此,模型仍然有改进的空间。为此,我们从三个角度检查了BlenderBot 2.0限制和错误:模型,数据和用户。从数据的角度来看,我们突出了在众包流程期间向工人提供的不明确指南,以及缺乏在收集的数据中炼制仇恨言论的过程,并验证基于互联网的信息的准确性。从用户的角度来看,我们确定了百分之九种类型的展示2.0问题,并彻底调查了它们的原因。此外,对于每个观点来说,提出了实际改进方法,我们讨论了几个潜在的未来研究方向。
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我们提出了Blenderbot 3,这是一个175B参数对话模型,能够通过访问Internet和长期内存进行开放域对话,并接受了大量用户定义的任务的培训。我们同时发布了模型权重和代码,还将模型部署在公共网页上,以与有机用户进行交互。该技术报告描述了该模型的构建方式(建筑,模型和培训计划)以及其部署的细节,包括安全机制。人类评估表明,它优于现有的开放域对话代理,包括其前身(Roller等,2021; Komeili等,2022)。最后,我们使用部署收集的数据详细介绍了持续学习的计划,该数据也将公开发布。因此,该研究计划的目标是使社区能够研究通过互动学习的不断改进的负责任的代理商。
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生成的开放域对话系统可以从外部知识中受益,但是缺乏外部知识资源和寻找相关知识的困难限制了该技术的发展。为此,我们使用动态服务信息提出了一个知识驱动的对话任务。具体而言,我们使用大量的服务API,可以作为外部知识来源提供高覆盖范围和时空敏感性。对话系统生成查询以请求外部服务以及用户信息,获取相关知识,并基于此知识生成响应。为了实现此方法,我们收集并发布了第一个开放式域中国服务知识对话数据集Dusinc。同时,我们构建了一个基线模型柏拉图 - 线,该模型实现了对话的自动利用。自动评估和人类评估都表明,我们提出的新方法可以显着改善开放域对话的效果,并且与对话预培训模型Plato-2相比,人类评估中的会话级总数提高了59.29%。数据集和基准模型将被开源。
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知识驱动的对话世代最近取得了非凡的突破。与一般的对话系统相比,卓越的知识对话系统可以通过预先提供的知识产生更多信息和知识渊博的响应。但是,在实际应用中,对话系统无法事先提供相应的知识。为了解决该问题,我们设计了一个名为DRKQG的知识驱动的对话系统(\ emph {通过查询生成动态检索知识,以获取信息性对话响应})。具体而言,系统可以分为两个模块:查询生成模块和对话生成模块。首先,利用时间感知机制来捕获上下文信息,并可以生成查询以检索知识。然后,我们集成了复制机制和变压器,该机制允许响应生成模块产生从上下文和检索知识中得出的响应。 LIC2022,语言和情报技术竞赛的实验结果表明,我们的模块在自动评估指标上的大幅度优于基线模型,而BAIDU语言学团队的人类评估表明,我们的系统在事实上取得了令人印象深刻的结果,实际上是正确的,知识渊博。
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在本文中,我们介绍了基于大型预训练的语言模型(PLM)pangu-alpha(Zeng等,2021)的中国预训练的开放域对话生成模型。与其他对大量对话数据进行培训的预训练的对话模型不同,我们旨在通过继承PLM的有价值的语言能力和知识来构建强大的对话模型,并以相对较少的数据和计算成本构建强大的对话模型。为此,我们训练大型PLM Pangu-Alpha的Pangu-bot,该机器人已被证明在各种中国自然语言任务上表现出色。我们研究了pangu-bot产生的响应的不同方面,包括响应质量,知识和安全性。我们表明,Pangu-Bot优于最先进的中国对话系统(CDIALGPT(Wang等,2020),Eva(Zhou等,2021),EVA2.0(Gu等,2022)) W.R.T.以上三个方面。我们还证明,可以轻松地部署pangu-bot,以在没有进一步训练的情况下产生情感反应。在整个经验分析中,我们还指出,Pangu-bot响应质量,知识正确性和安全性仍然远非完美,进一步的探索对于建立可靠且智能的对话系统是必不可少的。我们的型号和代码将在https://github.com/huawei-noah/pretretaining-language-model/tree/master/master/pangu-bot上提供。
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In open-domain dialogue intelligent agents should exhibit the use of knowledge, however there are few convincing demonstrations of this to date. The most popular sequence to sequence models typically "generate and hope" generic utterances that can be memorized in the weights of the model when mapping from input utterance(s) to output, rather than employing recalled knowledge as context. Use of knowledge has so far proved difficult, in part because of the lack of a supervised learning benchmark task which exhibits knowledgeable open dialogue with clear grounding. To that end we collect and release a large dataset with conversations directly grounded with knowledge retrieved from Wikipedia. We then design architectures capable of retrieving knowledge, reading and conditioning on it, and finally generating natural responses. Our best performing dialogue models are able to conduct knowledgeable discussions on open-domain topics as evaluated by automatic metrics and human evaluations, while our new benchmark allows for measuring further improvements in this important research direction.
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对话式AI中的现有研究主要将面向任务的对话框(TOD)和问题答案(QA)视为单独的任务。为了构建可以完成用户任务和支持信息寻求信息的对话代理的目标,构建一个可以访问各种外部知识的系统,构建一个处理TOD和QA的系统非常重要。在这项工作中,我们提出了一项新任务,开放式TOD(OB-TOD),将TOD与QA任务相结合,并将外部知识源扩展到包括明确的知识源(例如Web)和隐式知识源(例如,例如,预训练的语言模型)。我们创建了一个新的数据集ob-multiwoz,在这里,我们在其中丰富了Tod会议,并使用类似QA的信息寻求基于外部知识的经验。我们提出了一个统一的模型Opera(开放式末端到端任务对话框),可以适当地访问明确和隐性的外部知识,以解决定义的任务。实验结果表明,与闭环基线相比,Opera的表现出色,并说明了两种知识类型的价值。
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问答系统被认为是流行且经常有效的信息在网络上寻求信息的手段。在这样的系统中,寻求信息者可以通过自然语言提出问题来获得对他们的查询的简短回应。交互式问题回答是一种最近提出且日益流行的解决方案,它位于问答和对话系统的交集。一方面,用户可以以普通语言提出问题,并找到对她的询问的实际回答;另一方面,如果在初始请求中有多个可能的答复,很少或歧义,则系统可以将问题交通会话延长到对话中。通过允许用户提出更多问题,交互式问题回答使用户能够与系统动态互动并获得更精确的结果。这项调查提供了有关当前文献中普遍存在的交互式提问方法的详细概述。它首先要解释提问系统的基本原理,从而定义新的符号和分类法,以将所有已确定的作品结合在统一框架内。然后,根据提出的方法,评估方法和数据集/应用程序域来介绍和检查有关交互式问题解答系统的审查已发表的工作。我们还描述了围绕社区提出的特定任务和问题的趋势,从而阐明了学者的未来利益。 GitHub页面的综合综合了本文献研究中涵盖的所有主要主题,我们的工作得到了进一步的支持。 https://sisinflab.github.io/interactive-question-answering-systems-survey/
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The goal of building dialogue agents that can converse with humans naturally has been a long-standing dream of researchers since the early days of artificial intelligence. The well-known Turing Test proposed to judge the ultimate validity of an artificial intelligence agent on the indistinguishability of its dialogues from humans'. It should come as no surprise that human-level dialogue systems are very challenging to build. But, while early effort on rule-based systems found limited success, the emergence of deep learning enabled great advance on this topic. In this thesis, we focus on methods that address the numerous issues that have been imposing the gap between artificial conversational agents and human-level interlocutors. These methods were proposed and experimented with in ways that were inspired by general state-of-the-art AI methodologies. But they also targeted the characteristics that dialogue systems possess.
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我们介绍了Sparrow,这是一个寻求信息的对话代理,与提示的语言模型基线相比,训练有素,更有帮助,正确和无害。我们使用从人类反馈中的强化学习来培训我们的模型,以帮助人类评估者判断代理人的行为。首先,为了使我们的代理人更有帮助和无害,我们将良好对话的要求分解为代理人应遵循的自然语言规则,并分别向评估者询问每个规则。我们证明,这种崩溃使我们能够收集对代理行为的更多针对性的人类判断,并允许更有效的规则条件奖励模型。其次,我们的代理商在收集对模型声明的偏好判决时提供了支持事实主张的来源的证据。对于事实问题,麻雀提供的证据支持了78%的时间。比基线比基线更享受麻雀,同时对人类的对抗性探测更具弹性,在探测时只有8%的时间违反了我们的规则。最后,我们进行了广泛的分析,表明尽管我们的模型学会遵守我们的规则,但它可以表现出分布偏见。
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Many dialogue systems (DSs) lack characteristics humans have, such as emotion perception, factuality, and informativeness. Enhancing DSs with knowledge alleviates this problem, but, as many ways of doing so exist, keeping track of all proposed methods is difficult. Here, we present the first survey of knowledge-enhanced DSs. We define three categories of systems - internal, external, and hybrid - based on the knowledge they use. We survey the motivation for enhancing DSs with knowledge, used datasets, and methods for knowledge search, knowledge encoding, and knowledge incorporation. Finally, we propose how to improve existing systems based on theories from linguistics and cognitive science.
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Natural Language Generation (NLG) has improved exponentially in recent years thanks to the development of sequence-to-sequence deep learning technologies such as Transformer-based language models. This advancement has led to more fluent and coherent NLG, leading to improved development in downstream tasks such as abstractive summarization, dialogue generation and data-to-text generation. However, it is also apparent that deep learning based generation is prone to hallucinate unintended text, which degrades the system performance and fails to meet user expectations in many real-world scenarios. To address this issue, many studies have been presented in measuring and mitigating hallucinated texts, but these have never been reviewed in a comprehensive manner before. In this survey, we thus provide a broad overview of the research progress and challenges in the hallucination problem in NLG. The survey is organized into two parts: (1) a general overview of metrics, mitigation methods, and future directions; and (2) an overview of task-specific research progress on hallucinations in the following downstream tasks, namely abstractive summarization, dialogue generation, generative question answering, data-to-text generation, machine translation, and visual-language generation. This survey serves to facilitate collaborative efforts among researchers in tackling the challenge of hallucinated texts in NLG.
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人类通常通过利用关于他们正在交谈的人的主题和背景信息的先验知识来进行对话。然而,现有的会话代理和数据集不考虑此类综合信息,因此它们有一个限制生成知识和人格正确融合的话语。为解决此问题,我们介绍了一个呼叫进行定制对话(焦点)数据集,其中包括用户的角色和维基百科知识建立了自定义答案。为了评估预先训练的语言模型的信息和定制话语的能力,我们利用BART和GPT-2以及基于变压器的模型。我们评估了他们的生成能力,自动分数并对人类评估进行定性结果。我们仔细检查模型是否反映了我们提出的两个子任务,人物接地(PG)和知识接地(KG)的充分人物和知识。此外,我们表明我们的数据的话语通过接地质量评估来构建具有正确的知识和角色。
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Conversational AI has become an increasingly prominent and practical application of machine learning. However, existing conversational AI techniques still suffer from various limitations. One such limitation is a lack of well-developed methods for incorporating auxiliary information that could help a model understand conversational context better. In this paper, we explore how persona-based information could help improve the quality of response generation in conversations. First, we provide a literature review focusing on the current state-of-the-art methods that utilize persona information. We evaluate two strong baseline methods, the Ranking Profile Memory Network and the Poly-Encoder, on the NeurIPS ConvAI2 benchmark dataset. Our analysis elucidates the importance of incorporating persona information into conversational systems. Additionally, our study highlights several limitations with current state-of-the-art methods and outlines challenges and future research directions for advancing personalized conversational AI technology.
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由于缺乏培训数据和异质知识来源,知识接地的对话系统是挑战的。由于培训数据中涵盖的有限主题,现有系统在不良主题上表现不佳。此外,异构知识源使系统概括到其他任务的系统,因为不同知识表示中的知识来源需要不同的知识编码器。为了解决这些挑战,我们呈现插头,将不同知识来源均匀化为知识接地的对话生成任务的统一知识来源的语言模型。插头在对话生成任务上进行预先培训,调节统一的基本知识表示。它可以通过一些培训示例概括到不同下游知识接地的对话一代任务。两个基准测试的实证评估表明,我们的模型越好跨越不同的知识接地任务。它可以在完全监督的设置下实现具有最先进的方法的可比性,并且显着优于零拍摄和少量拍摄设置中的其他方法。
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Any organization needs to improve their products, services, and processes. In this context, engaging with customers and understanding their journey is essential. Organizations have leveraged various techniques and technologies to support customer engagement, from call centres to chatbots and virtual agents. Recently, these systems have used Machine Learning (ML) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) to analyze large volumes of customer feedback and engagement data. The goal is to understand customers in context and provide meaningful answers across various channels. Despite multiple advances in Conversational Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Recommender Systems (RS), it is still challenging to understand the intent behind customer questions during the customer journey. To address this challenge, in this paper, we study and analyze the recent work in Conversational Recommender Systems (CRS) in general and, more specifically, in chatbot-based CRS. We introduce a pipeline to contextualize the input utterances in conversations. We then take the next step towards leveraging reverse feature engineering to link the contextualized input and learning model to support intent recognition. Since performance evaluation is achieved based on different ML models, we use transformer base models to evaluate the proposed approach using a labelled dialogue dataset (MSDialogue) of question-answering interactions between information seekers and answer providers.
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我们在面向任务为导向的对话框(TOD)的端到端学习中提出了一种新问题,其中对话系统模仿故障排除代理,该故障排除代理通过诊断其问题(例如,汽车而未启动)帮助用户。这些对话框基于特定于域的流程图,该代理在对话期间应该遵循代理。我们的任务暴露了神经TOD的新颖技术挑战,例如在没有显式注释的情况下对流程图的话语接地,当用户询问澄清问题时,提及额外的手动页面,以及在测试时间遵循看不见的流程图。我们释放由2,738个对话框组成的数据集(浮雕),该对话框为12个不同的故障排除流程图。我们还设计了一个神经模型,扑腾,它使用检索增强的生成架构来训练对话框。我们的实验发现,Flonet可以对未来的流程图进行零射流传输,并为未来的研究设定强大的基线。
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由于人类参与者的参与,收集培训对话系统的数据可能非常昂贵,并且需要广泛的注释。特别是在文档接地的对话系统中,人类专家需要仔细阅读非结构化文件以回答用户的问题。结果,现有的文档接地对话对话数据集相对较小,并且妨碍了对话系统的有效培训。在本文中,我们提出了一种通过生成对话模型在文档上接地的自动数据增强技术。对话模型由用户BOT和代理机器人组成,可以在给定输入文档的情况下合成不同的对话,然后用于训练下游模型。在补充原始数据集时,我们的方法可以实现对传统数据增强方法的显着改进。我们还在低资源环境中实现了良好的性能。
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Many real-world applications of language models (LMs), such as code autocomplete and writing assistance, involve human-LM interaction, but the main LM benchmarks are non-interactive, where a system produces output without human intervention. To evaluate human-LM interaction, we develop a framework, Human-AI Language-based Interaction Evaluation (H-LINE), that expands non-interactive evaluation along three dimensions, capturing (i) the interactive process, not only the final output; (ii) the first-person subjective experience, not just a third-party assessment; and (iii) notions of preference beyond quality. We then design five tasks ranging from goal-oriented to open-ended to capture different forms of interaction. On four state-of-the-art LMs (three variants of OpenAI's GPT-3 and AI21's J1-Jumbo), we find that non-interactive performance does not always result in better human-LM interaction and that first-person and third-party metrics can diverge, suggesting the importance of examining the nuances of human-LM interaction.
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我们提出了一个开放域的社交聊天机器人Chirpy Cardinal。为了既有信息又有信息,我们的机器人以一种真实的,情感上的方式与用户聊天。通过将受控的神经产生与脚手架,手写的对话整合在一起,我们让用户和机器人都轮流推动对话,从而产生引人入胜且流利的体验。Chirpy Cardinal部署在Alexa奖Socialbot Grand Challenge的第四次迭代中,每天处理数千次对话,在9个机器人中排名第二,平均用户评级为3.58/5。
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