在这项工作中，我们设计了一个完全复杂的神经网络，用于虹膜识别的任务。与一般物体识别的问题不同，在实际值的神经网络可以用于提取相关特征的情况下，虹膜识别取决于从输入的虹膜纹理提取两个相位和幅度信息，以便更好地表示其生物识别内容。这需要提取和处理不能由实值神经网络有效处理的相位信息。在这方面，我们设计了一个完全复杂的神经网络，可以更好地捕获虹膜纹理的多尺度，多分辨率和多向阶段和多向阶段和幅度特征。我们展示了具有用于生成经典iRIscode的Gabor小波的提出的复合值虹膜识别网络的强烈对应关系;然而，所提出的方法使得能够为IRIS识别量身定​​制的自动复数特征学习的新能力。我们对三个基准数据集进行实验 - Nd-Crosssensor-2013，Casia-Iris-千和Ubiris.v2 - 并显示了拟议网络的虹膜识别任务的好处。我们利用可视化方案来传达复合网络的方式，与标准的实际网络相比，从虹膜纹理提取根本不同的特征。

虹膜识别生活人员是一项成熟的生物识别方式，这些模型已通过政府ID计划，边境交通，选民登记和重复，以解锁移动电话。另一方面，最近出现了识别死者模式的死者受试者的可能性。在本文中，我们提出了一种基于端到端的深度学习方法，用于后期虹膜虹膜分割和具有特殊可视化技术的识别，旨在支持您的努力中取证人类审查员。所提出的后期虹膜分割方法优于现有技术，并且除虹膜环上，如古典虹膜分割方法 - 检测眼部分解过程所引起的异常区域，如犁沟或干燥和皱纹的不规则镜面亮点角膜。该方法培训并验证了从171名尸体获取的数据，保存在核心条件下，并在从259名死亡科目获得的主题脱节数据上进行测试。据我们所知，这是迄今为止迄今为止的虹膜识别研究中使用的最大数据核心。纸张提供了该方法的源代码。测试数据将通过刑事司法数据（NACJD）档案馆的国家档案提供。

近年来，已经产生了大量的视觉内容，并从许多领域共享，例如社交媒体平台，医学成像和机器人。这种丰富的内容创建和共享引入了新的挑战，特别是在寻找类似内容内容的图像检索（CBIR）-A的数据库中，即长期建立的研究区域，其中需要改进的效率和准确性来实时检索。人工智能在CBIR中取得了进展，并大大促进了实例搜索过程。在本调查中，我们审查了最近基于深度学习算法和技术开发的实例检索工作，通过深网络架构类型，深度功能，功能嵌入方法以及网络微调策略组织了调查。我们的调查考虑了各种各样的最新方法，在那里，我们识别里程碑工作，揭示各种方法之间的联系，并呈现常用的基准，评估结果，共同挑战，并提出未来的未来方向。

已经广泛地研究了使用虹膜和围眼区域作为生物特征，主要是由于虹膜特征的奇异性以及当图像分辨率不足以提取虹膜信息时的奇异区域的使用。除了提供有关个人身份的信息外，还可以探索从这些特征提取的功能，以获得其他信息，例如个人的性别，药物使用的影响，隐形眼镜的使用，欺骗等。这项工作提出了对为眼部识别创建的数据库的调查，详细说明其协议以及如何获取其图像。我们还描述并讨论了最受欢迎的眼镜识别比赛（比赛），突出了所提交的算法，只使用Iris特征和融合虹膜和周边地区信息实现了最佳结果。最后，我们描述了一些相关工程，将深度学习技术应用于眼镜识别，并指出了新的挑战和未来方向。考虑到有大量的眼部数据库，并且每个人通常都设计用于特定问题，我们认为这项调查可以广泛概述眼部生物识别学中的挑战。

While machine learning is traditionally a resource intensive task, embedded systems, autonomous navigation, and the vision of the Internet of Things fuel the interest in resource-efficient approaches. These approaches aim for a carefully chosen trade-off between performance and resource consumption in terms of computation and energy. The development of such approaches is among the major challenges in current machine learning research and key to ensure a smooth transition of machine learning technology from a scientific environment with virtually unlimited computing resources into everyday's applications. In this article, we provide an overview of the current state of the art of machine learning techniques facilitating these real-world requirements. In particular, we focus on deep neural networks (DNNs), the predominant machine learning models of the past decade. We give a comprehensive overview of the vast literature that can be mainly split into three non-mutually exclusive categories: (i) quantized neural networks, (ii) network pruning, and (iii) structural efficiency. These techniques can be applied during training or as post-processing, and they are widely used to reduce the computational demands in terms of memory footprint, inference speed, and energy efficiency. We also briefly discuss different concepts of embedded hardware for DNNs and their compatibility with machine learning techniques as well as potential for energy and latency reduction. We substantiate our discussion with experiments on well-known benchmark datasets using compression techniques (quantization, pruning) for a set of resource-constrained embedded systems, such as CPUs, GPUs and FPGAs. The obtained results highlight the difficulty of finding good trade-offs between resource efficiency and predictive performance.

虹膜呈现攻击检测（iPad）对于确保个人身份至关重要是广泛使用的虹膜识别系统。然而，由于在不受约束的环境中捕获和攻击样本之间的高视觉相关性，现有的iPad算法不会概括到看不见和跨域场景。虹膜眼镜图像复杂纹理和形态模式的这些相似之处进一步促进了性能降解。为了减轻这些缺点，本文提出了DFCanet：密集特征校准和注意力引导网络，其校准了与全球位于全球位于局部涂抹的虹膜模式。从特征校准卷积和剩余学习中振衡优势，DFCanet会生成特定于域的IRIS特征表示。由于校准特征映射中的一些通道包含更突出的信息，因此我们通过通道注意机制利用频道跨越渠道的鉴别特征学习。为了加强挑战我们所提出的模型，我们使DFCanet通过非统一和非归一化的眼虹膜图像运行。在挑战性跨域和域内场景中进行的广泛实验突出了一致的表现优势。与最先进的方法相比，DFCanet分别实现了基准IIITD CLI，IIIT CSD和NDCLD13数据库的性能显着提升。此外，已经引入了一种新的基于增量学习的方法，以克服解散的虹膜数据特征和数据稀缺。本文还追求了在各种跨域协议下进行评估的攻击类别下进行软镜头的具有挑战性的情景。该代码将公开可用。

手写数字识别（HDR）是光学特征识别（OCR）领域中最具挑战性的任务之一。不管语言如何，HDR都存在一些固有的挑战，这主要是由于个人跨个人的写作风格的变化，编写媒介和环境的变化，无法在反复编写任何数字等时保持相同的笔触。除此之外，特定语言数字的结构复杂性可能会导致HDR的模棱两可。多年来，研究人员开发了许多离线和在线HDR管道，其中不同的图像处理技术与传统的机器学习（ML）基于基于的和/或基于深度学习（DL）的体系结构相结合。尽管文献中存在有关HDR的广泛审查研究的证据，例如：英语，阿拉伯语，印度，法尔西，中文等，但几乎没有对孟加拉人HDR（BHDR）的调查，这缺乏对孟加拉语HDR（BHDR）的研究，而这些调查缺乏对孟加拉语HDR（BHDR）的研究。挑战，基础识别过程以及可能的未来方向。在本文中，已经分析了孟加拉语手写数字的特征和固有的歧义，以及二十年来最先进的数据集的全面见解和离线BHDR的方法。此外，还详细讨论了一些涉及BHDR的现实应用特定研究。本文还将作为对离线BHDR背后科学感兴趣的研究人员的汇编，煽动了对相关研究的新途径的探索，这可能会进一步导致在不同应用领域对孟加拉语手写数字进行更好的离线认识。

Due to object detection's close relationship with video analysis and image understanding, it has attracted much research attention in recent years. Traditional object detection methods are built on handcrafted features and shallow trainable architectures. Their performance easily stagnates by constructing complex ensembles which combine multiple low-level image features with high-level context from object detectors and scene classifiers. With the rapid development in deep learning, more powerful tools, which are able to learn semantic, high-level, deeper features, are introduced to address the problems existing in traditional architectures. These models behave differently in network architecture, training strategy and optimization function, etc. In this paper, we provide a review on deep learning based object detection frameworks. Our review begins with a brief introduction on the history of deep learning and its representative tool, namely Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Then we focus on typical generic object detection architectures along with some modifications and useful tricks to improve detection performance further. As distinct specific detection tasks exhibit different characteristics, we also briefly survey several specific tasks, including salient object detection, face detection and pedestrian detection. Experimental analyses are also provided to compare various methods and draw some meaningful conclusions. Finally, several promising directions and tasks are provided to serve as guidelines for future work in both object detection and relevant neural network based learning systems.

随着对手工卫生的需求不断增长和使用的便利性，掌上识别最近具有淡淡的发展，为人识别提供了有效的解决方案。尽管已经致力于该地区的许多努力，但仍然不确定无接触棕榈污染的辨别能力，特别是对于大规模数据集。为了解决问题，在本文中，我们构建了一个大型无尺寸的棕榈纹数据集，其中包含了来自1167人的2334个棕榈手机。为了我们的最佳知识，它是有史以来最大的非接触式手掌形象基准，而是关于个人和棕榈树的数量收集。此外，我们提出了一个名为3DCPN（3D卷积棕榈识别网络）的无棕榈识别的新型深度学习框架，它利用3D卷积来动态地集成多个Gabor功能。在3DCPN中，嵌入到第一层中的新颖变体以增强曲线特征提取。通过精心设计的集合方案，然后将低级别的3D功能卷积以提取高级功能。最后在顶部，我们设置了基于地区的损失功能，以加强全局和本地描述符的辨别能力。为了展示我们方法的优越性，在我们的数据集和其他流行数据库同济和IITD上进行了广泛的实验，其中结果显示了所提出的3DCPN实现最先进的或可比性的性能。

横梁面部识别（CFR）旨在识别个体，其中比较面部图像源自不同的感测模式，例如红外与可见的。虽然CFR由于与模态差距相关的面部外观的显着变化，但CFR具有比经典的面部识别更具挑战性，但它在具有有限或挑战的照明的场景中，以及在呈现攻击的情况下，它是优越的。与卷积神经网络（CNNS）相关的人工智能最近的进展使CFR的显着性能提高了。由此激励，这项调查的贡献是三倍。我们提供CFR的概述，目标是通过首先正式化CFR然后呈现具体相关的应用来比较不同光谱中捕获的面部图像。其次，我们探索合适的谱带进行识别和讨论最近的CFR方法，重点放在神经网络上。特别是，我们提出了提取和比较异构特征以及数据集的重新访问技术。我们枚举不同光谱和相关算法的优势和局限性。最后，我们讨论了研究挑战和未来的研究线。

Convolutional neural networks are built upon the convolution operation, which extracts informative features by fusing spatial and channel-wise information together within local receptive fields. In order to boost the representational power of a network, several recent approaches have shown the benefit of enhancing spatial encoding. In this work, we focus on the channel relationship and propose a novel architectural unit, which we term the "Squeezeand-Excitation" (SE) block, that adaptively recalibrates channel-wise feature responses by explicitly modelling interdependencies between channels. We demonstrate that by stacking these blocks together, we can construct SENet architectures that generalise extremely well across challenging datasets. Crucially, we find that SE blocks produce significant performance improvements for existing state-ofthe-art deep architectures at minimal additional computational cost. SENets formed the foundation of our ILSVRC 2017 classification submission which won first place and significantly reduced the top-5 error to 2.251%, achieving a ∼25% relative improvement over the winning entry of 2016.

我们提出了一种质量感知的多模式识别框架，其将来自多个生物特征的表示与不同的质量和样本数量相结合，以通过基于样本的质量提取互补识别信息来实现增加的识别准确性。我们通过使用以弱监督时尚估计的质量分数加权，为融合输入方式的质量意识框架，以融合输入方式的融合。此框架利用两个融合块，每个融合块由一组质量感知和聚合网络表示。除了架构修改外，我们还提出了两种特定于任务特定的损耗功能：多模式可分离性损失和多模式紧凑性损失。第一个损失确保了类的模态的表示具有可比的大小来提供更好的质量估计，而不同类别的多式数代表分布以实现嵌入空间中的最大判别。第二次丢失，被认为是正规化网络权重，通过规范框架来提高泛化性能。我们通过考虑由面部，虹膜和指纹方式组成的三个多模式数据集来评估性能。通过与最先进的算法进行比较来证明框架的功效。特别是，我们的框架优于BioMdata的模式的级别和得分级别融合超过30％以获得$ 10 ^ { - 4} $ 10 ^ { - 4} $的真正验收率。

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are currently widely used for many artificial intelligence (AI) applications including computer vision, speech recognition, and robotics. While DNNs deliver state-of-the-art accuracy on many AI tasks, it comes at the cost of high computational complexity. Accordingly, techniques that enable efficient processing of DNNs to improve energy efficiency and throughput without sacrificing application accuracy or increasing hardware cost are critical to the wide deployment of DNNs in AI systems.This article aims to provide a comprehensive tutorial and survey about the recent advances towards the goal of enabling efficient processing of DNNs. Specifically, it will provide an overview of DNNs, discuss various hardware platforms and architectures that support DNNs, and highlight key trends in reducing the computation cost of DNNs either solely via hardware design changes or via joint hardware design and DNN algorithm changes. It will also summarize various development resources that enable researchers and practitioners to quickly get started in this field, and highlight important benchmarking metrics and design considerations that should be used for evaluating the rapidly growing number of DNN hardware designs, optionally including algorithmic co-designs, being proposed in academia and industry.The reader will take away the following concepts from this article: understand the key design considerations for DNNs; be able to evaluate different DNN hardware implementations with benchmarks and comparison metrics; understand the trade-offs between various hardware architectures and platforms; be able to evaluate the utility of various DNN design techniques for efficient processing; and understand recent implementation trends and opportunities.

由于长距离，照明变化，有限的用户合作和移动科目，虹膜分割和定位在不受约束环境中具有挑战性。为了解决这个问题，我们介绍了一个U-Net，具有预先培训的MobileNetv2深神经网络方法。我们使用MobileNetv2的预先训练的权重，用于想象成数据集，并在虹膜识别和本地化域上进行微调。此外，我们推出了一个名为Kartalol的新数据集，以更好地评估虹膜识别方案中的检测器。为了提供域适应，我们可以在Casia-Iris-Asia，Casia-Iris-M1和Casia-Iris-Africa和Casia-Iris-Africa和我们的数据集中微调MobileNetv2模型。我们还通过执行左右翻转，旋转，缩放和亮度来增强数据。我们通过迭代所提供的数据集中的图像来选择二进制掩码的二值化阈值。沿着Kartalol DataSet，Casia-Iris-Asia，Casia-Iris-M1，Casia-Iris-M1，Casia-Iris-M1，Casia-Iris-M1，Casia-Iris-M1，Casia-Iris-M1培训。实验结果强调了我们的方法在基于移动的基准上超越了最先进的方法。代码和评估结果在https://github.com/jalilnkh/kartalol-nir -isl2021031301上公开可用。

Time Series Classification (TSC) is an important and challenging problem in data mining. With the increase of time series data availability, hundreds of TSC algorithms have been proposed. Among these methods, only a few have considered Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to perform this task. This is surprising as deep learning has seen very successful applications in the last years. DNNs have indeed revolutionized the field of computer vision especially with the advent of novel deeper architectures such as Residual and Convolutional Neural Networks. Apart from images, sequential data such as text and audio can also be processed with DNNs to reach state-of-the-art performance for document classification and speech recognition. In this article, we study the current state-ofthe-art performance of deep learning algorithms for TSC by presenting an empirical study of the most recent DNN architectures for TSC. We give an overview of the most successful deep learning applications in various time series domains under a unified taxonomy of DNNs for TSC. We also provide an open source deep learning framework to the TSC community where we implemented each of the compared approaches and evaluated them on a univariate TSC benchmark (the UCR/UEA archive) and 12 multivariate time series datasets. By training 8,730 deep learning models on 97 time series datasets, we propose the most exhaustive study of DNNs for TSC to date.

Recent work has shown that convolutional networks can be substantially deeper, more accurate, and efficient to train if they contain shorter connections between layers close to the input and those close to the output. In this paper, we embrace this observation and introduce the Dense Convolutional Network (DenseNet), which connects each layer to every other layer in a feed-forward fashion. Whereas traditional convolutional networks with L layers have L connections-one between each layer and its subsequent layer-our network has L(L+1) 2 direct connections. For each layer, the feature-maps of all preceding layers are used as inputs, and its own feature-maps are used as inputs into all subsequent layers. DenseNets have several compelling advantages: they alleviate the vanishing-gradient problem, strengthen feature propagation, encourage feature reuse, and substantially reduce the number of parameters. We evaluate our proposed architecture on four highly competitive object recognition benchmark tasks SVHN, and ImageNet). DenseNets obtain significant improvements over the state-of-the-art on most of them, whilst requiring less computation to achieve high performance. Code and pre-trained models are available at https://github.com/liuzhuang13/DenseNet.

In modern face recognition, the conventional pipeline consists of four stages: detect ⇒ align ⇒ represent ⇒ classify. We revisit both the alignment step and the representation step by employing explicit 3D face modeling in order to apply a piecewise affine transformation, and derive a face representation from a nine-layer deep neural network. This deep network involves more than 120 million parameters using several locally connected layers without weight sharing, rather than the standard convolutional layers. Thus we trained it on the largest facial dataset to-date, an identity labeled dataset of four million facial images belonging to more than 4,000 identities. The learned representations coupling the accurate model-based alignment with the large facial database generalize remarkably well to faces in unconstrained environments, even with a simple classifier. Our method reaches an accuracy of 97.35% on the Labeled Faces in the Wild (LFW) dataset, reducing the error of the current state of the art by more than 27%, closely approaching human-level performance.

The International Workshop on Reading Music Systems (WoRMS) is a workshop that tries to connect researchers who develop systems for reading music, such as in the field of Optical Music Recognition, with other researchers and practitioners that could benefit from such systems, like librarians or musicologists. The relevant topics of interest for the workshop include, but are not limited to: Music reading systems; Optical music recognition; Datasets and performance evaluation; Image processing on music scores; Writer identification; Authoring, editing, storing and presentation systems for music scores; Multi-modal systems; Novel input-methods for music to produce written music; Web-based Music Information Retrieval services; Applications and projects; Use-cases related to written music. These are the proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Reading Music Systems, held in Alicante on the 23rd of July 2021.

边缘检测是许多计算机视觉应用的基础。最先进的国家主要依赖于两个决定性因素的深度学习：数据集内容和网络的体系结构。大多数公共可用数据集未策划边缘检测任务。在这里，我们为此约束提供解决方案。首先，我们认为边缘，轮廓和边界尽管它们重叠，是需要单独的基准数据集的三个不同的视觉功能。为此，我们介绍了一个新的边缘数据集。其次，我们提出了一种新颖的架构，称为边缘检测（Dexined）的密集极端成立网络，可以从划痕的情况下培训，而没有任何预先训练的重量。Dexined优于所呈现的数据集中的其他算法。它还概括到其他数据集没有任何微调。由于IT输出的更锐利和更精细的边缘，所以更高的Dexined质量也显着显着。

相位检索（PR）是从其仅限强度测量中恢复复杂值信号的长期挑战，由于其在数字成像中的广泛应用，引起了很大的关注。最近，开发了基于深度学习的方法，这些方法在单发PR中取得了成功。这些方法需要单个傅立叶强度测量，而无需对测量数据施加任何其他约束。然而，由于PR问题的输入和输出域之间存在很大的差异，香草深神经网络（DNN）并没有提供良好的性能。物理信息的方法试图将傅立叶强度测量结果纳入提高重建精度的迭代方法。但是，它需要一个冗长的计算过程，并且仍然无法保证准确性。此外，其中许多方法都在模拟数据上工作，这些数据忽略了一些常见问题，例如实用光学PR系统中的饱和度和量化错误。在本文中，提出了一种新型的物理驱动的多尺度DNN结构，称为PPRNET。与其他基于深度学习的PR方法类似，PPRNET仅需要一个傅立叶强度测量。物理驱动的是，网络被指导遵循不同尺度的傅立叶强度测量，以提高重建精度。 PPRNET具有前馈结构，可以端到端训练。因此，它比传统物理驱动的PR方法更快，更准确。进行了实用光学平台上的大量模拟和实验。结果证明了拟议的PPRNET比传统的基于基于学习的PR方法的优势和实用性。