根据世界卫生组织（世卫组织），癌症是全世界第二次死亡原因，仅对2018年的950万人死亡负责。脑肿瘤计数每四个癌症死亡中的一次。因此，准确和及时诊断脑肿瘤会导致更有效的治疗方法。医生只通过脑手术进行活组织检查操作，并且在诊断肿瘤类型后，考虑治疗计划。基于机器学习算法的自动系统可以允许医生以非侵入性措施诊断脑肿瘤。迄今为止，已经提出了几种图像分类方法以辅助诊断和治疗。对于脑肿瘤分类在这项工作中，我们提供基于深度学习的系统，包含编码器块。这些块作为剩余学习的最大池特征送入。我们的方法展示了通过使用有限的医学图像数据集提高磁共振成像（MRI）图像中的肿瘤分类精度来实现有希望的结果。该模型在数据集中的实验评估由3064 MR图像组成的准确度提出95.98％，这比以前关于此数据库的研究更好。

MRI图像中的脑肿瘤分析是一个重要而挑战性的问题，因为误诊可能导致死亡。脑肿瘤在早期阶段的诊断和评估增加了成功治疗的概率。然而，肿瘤，形状和位置的复杂性和各种使其分割和分类复合物。在这方面，许多研究人员提出了脑肿瘤细分和分类方法。本文使用含有MRI图像增强和肿瘤区检测的框架，呈现了一种同时分段和分类MRI图像中的脑肿瘤的方法。最终，提出了一种基于多任务学习方法的网络。主观和客观结果表明，基于评估指标的分割和分类结果更好或与最先进的。

Brain tumor classification is crucial for clinical analysis and an effective treatment plan to cure patients. Deep learning models help radiologists to accurately and efficiently analyze tumors without manual intervention. However, brain tumor analysis is challenging because of its complex structure, texture, size, location, and appearance. Therefore, a novel deep residual and regional-based Res-BRNet Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is developed for effective brain tumor (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) MRI classification. The developed Res-BRNet employed Regional and boundary-based operations in a systematic order within the modified spatial and residual blocks. Moreover, the spatial block extract homogeneity and boundary-defined features at the abstract level. Furthermore, the residual blocks employed at the target level significantly learn local and global texture variations of different classes of brain tumors. The efficiency of the developed Res-BRNet is evaluated on a standard dataset; collected from Kaggle and Figshare containing various tumor categories, including meningioma, glioma, pituitary, and healthy images. Experiments prove that the developed Res-BRNet outperforms the standard CNN models and attained excellent performances (accuracy: 98.22%, sensitivity: 0.9811, F-score: 0.9841, and precision: 0.9822) on challenging datasets. Additionally, the performance of the proposed Res-BRNet indicates a strong potential for medical image-based disease analyses.

It is essential to classify brain tumors from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) accurately for better and timely treatment of the patients. In this paper, we propose a hybrid model, using VGG along with Nonlinear-SVM (Soft and Hard) to classify the brain tumors: glioma and pituitary and tumorous and non-tumorous. The VGG-SVM model is trained for two different datasets of two classes; thus, we perform binary classification. The VGG models are trained via the PyTorch python library to obtain the highest testing accuracy of tumor classification. The method is threefold, in the first step, we normalize and resize the images, and the second step consists of feature extraction through variants of the VGG model. The third step classified brain tumors using non-linear SVM (soft and hard). We have obtained 98.18% accuracy for the first dataset and 99.78% for the second dataset using VGG19. The classification accuracies for non-linear SVM are 95.50% and 97.98% with linear and rbf kernel and 97.95% for soft SVM with RBF kernel with D1, and 96.75% and 98.60% with linear and RBF kernel and 98.38% for soft SVM with RBF kernel with D2. Results indicate that the hybrid VGG-SVM model, especially VGG 19 with SVM, is able to outperform existing techniques and achieve high accuracy.

由于肿胀和病态增大，人体组织中组织的异常发育被称为肿瘤。它们主要被归类为良性和恶性。大脑中的肿瘤可能是致命的，因为它可能是癌性的，因此可以以附近的健康细胞为食并不断增加大小。这可能会影响大脑中软组织，神经细胞和小血管。因此，有必要以最高的精度在早期阶段检测和分类。脑肿瘤的大小和位置不同，这使得很难理解其性质。由于附近的健康细胞与肿瘤之间的相似性，即使使用先进的MRI（磁共振成像）技术，脑肿瘤的检测和分类过程也可能是一项繁重的任务。在本文中，我们使用Keras和Tensorflow来实施最先进的卷积神经网络（CNN）架构，例如EdgitionNetB0，Resnet50，Xpection，MobilenetV2和VGG16，使用转移学习来检测和分类三种类型的大脑肿瘤，即神经胶质瘤，脑膜瘤和垂体。我们使用的数据集由3264个2-D磁共振图像和4个类组成。由于数据集的尺寸较小，因此使用各种数据增强技术来增加数据集的大小。我们提出的方法不仅包括数据增强，而且还包括各种图像降级技术，头骨剥离，裁剪和偏置校正。在我们提出的工作效率NETB0体系结构中，最佳准确性为97.61％。本文的目的是区分正常和异常像素，并以更好的准确性对它们进行分类。

自动化的脑肿瘤检测已成为一项高度可观的医学诊断研究。在最近的医学诊断中，高度考虑检测和分类用于采用机器学习和深度学习技术。然而，需要改善当前模型的准确性和性能以进行合适的治疗。在本文中，通过采用增强的优化算法来确保深度卷积学习的改进，因此，基于改进的Harris Hawks优化（HHO），深度卷积神经网络（DCNN）被认为是G-HHO。这种杂交具有灰狼优化（GWO）和HHO，以提供更好的结果，从而限制了收敛速度和增强性能。此外，采用大小阈值来分割强调脑肿瘤检测的肿瘤部分。进行了实验研究，以验证2073年总数增强MRI图像的建议方法的性能。通过将其与巨大增强MRI图像上的九种现有算法进行比较，以准确性，精度，召回，F量，执行时间和内存使用情况进行比较，可以确保该技术的性能。性能比较表明，DCNN-G-HHO比现有方法更成功，尤其是在97％的评分精度下。此外，统计性能分析表明，建议的方法更快，并且在MR图像上识别和分类脑肿瘤癌的记忆力较少。此验证的实施是在Python平台上进行的。建议方法的相关代码可在以下网址提供：https：//github.com/bryarahassan/dcnn-g-hho。

脑肿瘤是最常见和最致命的疾病，可在所有年龄组中发现。通常，采用MRI模态来通过放射科医师鉴定和诊断肿瘤。肿瘤区域的正确鉴定及其类型可以帮助诊断随访治疗计划的肿瘤。然而，对于任何分析这种扫描的放射科学家是一种复杂且耗时的任务。基于深度学习的计算机辅助诊断系统的动机，本文提出了使用MRI图像对脑肿瘤区域进行分类和分割脑肿瘤区域的多任务注意力引导的编码器。Mag-Net培训和评估了图的图解数据集，包括冠状，轴向和矢状瘤，具有3种肿瘤脑膜瘤，胶质瘤和垂体肿瘤。通过详尽的实验试验，模型与现有最先进的模型相比，实现了有希望的结果，同时在其他最先进的模型中具有至少数量的培训参数。

乳腺癌是全球女性死亡的主要原因之一。如果在高级阶段检测到很难治疗，但是，早期发现可以显着增加生存机会，并改善数百万妇女的生活。鉴于乳腺癌的普遍流行，研究界提出早期检测，分类和诊断的框架至关重要。与医生协调的人工智能研究社区正在开发此类框架以自动化检测任务。随着研究活动的激增，加上大型数据集的可用性和增强的计算能力，预计AI框架结果将有助于更多的临床医生做出正确的预测。在本文中，提出了使用乳房X线照片对乳腺癌进行分类的新框架。所提出的框架结合了从新颖的卷积神经网络（CNN）功能中提取的强大特征，以及手工制作的功能，包括猪（定向梯度的直方图）和LBP（本地二进制图案）。在CBIS-DDSM数据集上获得的结果超过了技术状态。

在最近对基于计算机的诊断系统的进步中，脑肿瘤图像的分类是一项具有挑战性的任务。本文主要着重于通过基于转移学习的深神经网络提升脑肿瘤图像的分类准确性。分类方法是从图像增强操作开始的，包括旋转，变焦，Hori-Zontal Flip，宽度偏移，高度移位和剪切，以增加图像数据集中的多样性。然后，基于Inception-V3的预训练转移学习方法提取输入脑肿瘤图像的一般特征。 fi-Nally，使用4个定制层的深神经网络用于将大多数脑瘤类型的脑肿瘤与脑膜瘤，神经胶质瘤和垂体进行分类。提出的模型以96.25％的总体准确度获得了有效性能，这比某些现有的多分类方法得到了更大的改善。鉴于，超参数的微调以及具有Inception-V3模型的定制DNN的包含导致分类精度的IM提供。

乳腺癌是女性可能发生的最严重的癌症之一。通过分析组织学图像（HIS）来自动诊断乳腺癌对患者及其预后很重要。他的分类为临床医生提供了对疾病的准确了解，并使他们可以更有效地治疗患者。深度学习（DL）方法已成功地用于各种领域，尤其是医学成像，因为它们有能力自动提取功能。这项研究旨在使用他的乳腺癌对不同类型的乳腺癌进行分类。在这项研究中，我们提出了一个增强的胶囊网络，该网络使用RES2NET块和四个额外的卷积层提取多尺度特征。此外，由于使用了小的卷积内核和RES2NET块，因此所提出的方法具有较少的参数。结果，新方法的表现优于旧方法，因为它会自动学习最佳功能。测试结果表明该模型的表现优于先前的DL方法。

脑肿瘤分割是医学图像分析中最具挑战性问题之一。脑肿瘤细分的目标是产生准确描绘脑肿瘤区域。近年来，深入学习方法在解决各种计算机视觉问题时表现出了有希望的性能，例如图像分类，对象检测和语义分割。基于深度学习的方法已经应用于脑肿瘤细分并取得了有希望的结果。考虑到最先进技术所制作的显着突破，我们使用本调查来提供最近开发的深层学习脑肿瘤分割技术的全面研究。在本次调查中选择并讨论了100多篇科学论文，广泛地涵盖了网络架构设计，在不平衡条件下的细分等技术方面，以及多种方式流程。我们还为未来的发展方向提供了富有洞察力的讨论。

Automatic segmentation is essential for the brain tumor diagnosis, disease prognosis, and follow-up therapy of patients with gliomas. Still, accurate detection of gliomas and their sub-regions in multimodal MRI is very challenging due to the variety of scanners and imaging protocols. Over the last years, the BraTS Challenge has provided a large number of multi-institutional MRI scans as a benchmark for glioma segmentation algorithms. This paper describes our contribution to the BraTS 2022 Continuous Evaluation challenge. We propose a new ensemble of multiple deep learning frameworks namely, DeepSeg, nnU-Net, and DeepSCAN for automatic glioma boundaries detection in pre-operative MRI. It is worth noting that our ensemble models took first place in the final evaluation on the BraTS testing dataset with Dice scores of 0.9294, 0.8788, and 0.8803, and Hausdorf distance of 5.23, 13.54, and 12.05, for the whole tumor, tumor core, and enhancing tumor, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed ensemble method ranked first in the final ranking on another unseen test dataset, namely Sub-Saharan Africa dataset, achieving mean Dice scores of 0.9737, 0.9593, and 0.9022, and HD95 of 2.66, 1.72, 3.32 for the whole tumor, tumor core, and enhancing tumor, respectively. The docker image for the winning submission is publicly available at (https://hub.docker.com/r/razeineldin/camed22).

An expansion of aberrant brain cells is referred to as a brain tumor. The brain's architecture is extremely intricate, with several regions controlling various nervous system processes. Any portion of the brain or skull can develop a brain tumor, including the brain's protective coating, the base of the skull, the brainstem, the sinuses, the nasal cavity, and many other places. Over the past ten years, numerous developments in the field of computer-aided brain tumor diagnosis have been made. Recently, instance segmentation has attracted a lot of interest in numerous computer vision applications. It seeks to assign various IDs to various scene objects, even if they are members of the same class. Typically, a two-stage pipeline is used to perform instance segmentation. This study shows brain cancer segmentation using YOLOv5. Yolo takes dataset as picture format and corresponding text file. You Only Look Once (YOLO) is a viral and widely used algorithm. YOLO is famous for its object recognition properties. You Only Look Once (YOLO) is a popular algorithm that has gone viral. YOLO is well known for its ability to identify objects. YOLO V2, V3, V4, and V5 are some of the YOLO latest versions that experts have published in recent years. Early brain tumor detection is one of the most important jobs that neurologists and radiologists have. However, it can be difficult and error-prone to manually identify and segment brain tumors from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data. For making an early diagnosis of the condition, an automated brain tumor detection system is necessary. The model of the research paper has three classes. They are respectively Meningioma, Pituitary, Glioma. The results show that, our model achieves competitive accuracy, in terms of runtime usage of M2 10 core GPU.

Achieving accurate and automated tumor segmentation plays an important role in both clinical practice and radiomics research. Segmentation in medicine is now often performed manually by experts, which is a laborious, expensive and error-prone task. Manual annotation relies heavily on the experience and knowledge of these experts. In addition, there is much intra- and interobserver variation. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a method that can automatically segment tumor target regions. In this paper, we propose a deep learning segmentation method based on multimodal positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT), which combines the high sensitivity of PET and the precise anatomical information of CT. We design an improved spatial attention network(ISA-Net) to increase the accuracy of PET or CT in detecting tumors, which uses multi-scale convolution operation to extract feature information and can highlight the tumor region location information and suppress the non-tumor region location information. In addition, our network uses dual-channel inputs in the coding stage and fuses them in the decoding stage, which can take advantage of the differences and complementarities between PET and CT. We validated the proposed ISA-Net method on two clinical datasets, a soft tissue sarcoma(STS) and a head and neck tumor(HECKTOR) dataset, and compared with other attention methods for tumor segmentation. The DSC score of 0.8378 on STS dataset and 0.8076 on HECKTOR dataset show that ISA-Net method achieves better segmentation performance and has better generalization. Conclusions: The method proposed in this paper is based on multi-modal medical image tumor segmentation, which can effectively utilize the difference and complementarity of different modes. The method can also be applied to other multi-modal data or single-modal data by proper adjustment.

医疗图像分类是图像识别领域中最关键的问题之一。该领域的主要挑战之一是缺乏标记的培训数据。此外，数据集通常会出现类不平衡，因为某些情况很少发生。结果，分类任务的准确性通常很低。特别是深度学习模型，在图像细分和分类问题上显示出令人鼓舞的结果，但它们需要很大的数据集进行培训。因此，需要从相同分布中生成更多的合成样品。先前的工作表明，特征生成更有效，并且比相应的图像生成更高。我们将此想法应用于医学成像领域。我们使用转移学习来训练针对金标准班级注释的小数据集的细分模型。我们提取了学习的功能，并使用它们使用辅助分类器GAN（ACGAN）来生成在类标签上进行调节的合成特征。我们根据其严重程度测试了下游分类任务中生成特征的质量。实验结果表明，这些生成特征的有效性及其对平衡数据和提高分类类别的准确性的总体贡献的结果有希望的结果。

Clinical diagnostic and treatment decisions rely upon the integration of patient-specific data with clinical reasoning. Cancer presents a unique context that influence treatment decisions, given its diverse forms of disease evolution. Biomedical imaging allows noninvasive assessment of disease based on visual evaluations leading to better clinical outcome prediction and therapeutic planning. Early methods of brain cancer characterization predominantly relied upon statistical modeling of neuroimaging data. Driven by the breakthroughs in computer vision, deep learning became the de facto standard in the domain of medical imaging. Integrated statistical and deep learning methods have recently emerged as a new direction in the automation of the medical practice unifying multi-disciplinary knowledge in medicine, statistics, and artificial intelligence. In this study, we critically review major statistical and deep learning models and their applications in brain imaging research with a focus on MRI-based brain tumor segmentation. The results do highlight that model-driven classical statistics and data-driven deep learning is a potent combination for developing automated systems in clinical oncology.

在技术的发展中，脑部疾病的病例越来越多，提出了更多的治疗方法，并取得了积极的结果。但是，通过大脑质量，早期诊断可以改善成功治疗的可能性，并可以帮助患者更好地恢复治疗。源于这个原因，脑化是如今的医学图像分析中有争议的主题之一。随着体系结构的改进，提出了多种方法并获得竞争分数。在本文中，我们提出了一种将有效网络用于3D图像的技术，尤其是用于大脑质量分类任务解决方案的有效网络B0并达到竞争分数。此外，我们还提出了使用多尺度效率网络对MRI数据切片进行分类的方法

人工智能（AI）技术具有重要潜力，可以实现有效，鲁棒和自动的图像表型，包括识别细微图案。基于AI的检测搜索图像空间基于模式和特征来找到兴趣区域。存在一种良性的肿瘤组织学，可以通过使用图像特征的基于AI的分类方法来识别。图像从图像中提取可用于的可覆盖方式，可以通过显式（手工/工程化）和深度辐射谱系框架来探索途径。辐射瘤分析有可能用作非侵入性技术，以准确表征肿瘤，以改善诊断和治疗监测。这项工作介绍基于AI的技术，专注于肿瘤宠物和PET / CT成像，用于不同的检测，分类和预测/预测任务。我们还讨论了所需的努力，使AI技术转换为常规临床工作流程，以及潜在的改进和互补技术，例如在电子健康记录和神经象征性AI技术上使用自然语言处理。

人工神经网络（ANN）能够学习，纠正错误和将大量原始数据转化为治疗和护理的有用医疗决策，这增加了增强患者安全和护理质量的普及。因此，本文审查了ANN的关键作用为患者医疗保健决策提供有价值的见解和有效的疾病诊断。我们彻底审查了现有文献中的不同类型的ANN，以便为复杂应用程序进行高级ANNS适配。此外，我们还调查Ann的各种疾病诊断和治疗的进步，例如病毒，皮肤，癌症和Covid-19。此外，我们提出了一种名为ConxNet的新型深度卷积神经网络（CNN）模型，用于提高Covid-19疾病的检测准确性。 ConxNet经过培训并使用不同的数据集进行测试，它达到了超过97％的检测精度和精度，这明显优于现有型号。最后，我们突出了未来的研究方向和挑战，例如算法的复杂性，可用数据，隐私和安全性，以及与ANN的生物传染集成。这些研究方向需要大幅关注改善医疗诊断和治疗应用的ANN的范围。

开发了一种能够处理NMR图像的算法，用于使用机器学习技术来分析以检测脑肿瘤的存在。