自动化的脑肿瘤检测已成为一项高度可观的医学诊断研究。在最近的医学诊断中,高度考虑检测和分类用于采用机器学习和深度学习技术。然而,需要改善当前模型的准确性和性能以进行合适的治疗。在本文中,通过采用增强的优化算法来确保深度卷积学习的改进,因此,基于改进的Harris Hawks优化(HHO),深度卷积神经网络(DCNN)被认为是G-HHO。这种杂交具有灰狼优化(GWO)和HHO,以提供更好的结果,从而限制了收敛速度和增强性能。此外,采用大小阈值来分割强调脑肿瘤检测的肿瘤部分。进行了实验研究,以验证2073年总数增强MRI图像的建议方法的性能。通过将其与巨大增强MRI图像上的九种现有算法进行比较,以准确性,精度,召回,F量,执行时间和内存使用情况进行比较,可以确保该技术的性能。性能比较表明,DCNN-G-HHO比现有方法更成功,尤其是在97%的评分精度下。此外,统计性能分析表明,建议的方法更快,并且在MR图像上识别和分类脑肿瘤癌的记忆力较少。此验证的实施是在Python平台上进行的。建议方法的相关代码可在以下网址提供:https://github.com/bryarahassan/dcnn-g-hho。
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肝脏是脊椎动物中最关键的代谢器官之一,由于其在人体中的重要功能,例如废物产物和药物的血液排毒。由于肝肿瘤引起的肝病是全球最常见的死亡率之一。因此,在肿瘤发育的早期阶段检测肝肿瘤是医疗治疗的关键部分。许多成像方式可以用作检测肝肿瘤的帮助工具。计算机断层扫描(CT)是软组织器官(例如肝脏)最常用的成像方式。这是因为它是一种侵入性方式,可以相对迅速捕获。本文提出了一个有效的自动肝分割框架,以使用3D CNN深度元网络模型检测和分割肝脏腹部扫描。许多研究采用了精确分割肝区域,然后使用分割的肝区域作为肿瘤分割方法的输入,因为它降低了由于将腹部器官分割为肿瘤而导致的错误率。所提出的3D CNN DeepMedic模型具有两个输入途径,而不是一个途径,如原始3D CNN模型所示。在本文中,该网络提供了多个腹部CT版本,这有助于提高细分质量。提出的模型分别达到94.36%,94.57%,91.86%和93.14%的精度,灵敏度,特异性和骰子相似性得分。实验结果表明该方法的适用性。
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机器学习和计算机视觉技术近年来由于其自动化,适合性和产生惊人结果的能力而迅速发展。因此,在本文中,我们调查了2014年至2022年之间发表的关键研究,展示了不同的机器学习算法研究人员用来分割肝脏,肝肿瘤和肝脉管结构的研究。我们根据感兴趣的组织(肝果,肝肿瘤或肝毒剂)对被调查的研究进行了划分,强调了同时解决多个任务的研究。此外,机器学习算法被归类为受监督或无监督的,如果属于某个方案的工作量很大,则将进一步分区。此外,对文献和包含上述组织面具的网站发现的不同数据集和挑战进行了彻底讨论,强调了组织者的原始贡献和其他研究人员的贡献。同样,在我们的评论中提到了文献中过度使用的指标,这强调了它们与手头的任务的相关性。最后,强调创新研究人员应对需要解决的差距的关键挑战和未来的方向,例如许多关于船舶分割挑战的研究的稀缺性以及为什么需要早日处理他们的缺席。
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乳腺癌是女性可能发生的最严重的癌症之一。通过分析组织学图像(HIS)来自动诊断乳腺癌对患者及其预后很重要。他的分类为临床医生提供了对疾病的准确了解,并使他们可以更有效地治疗患者。深度学习(DL)方法已成功地用于各种领域,尤其是医学成像,因为它们有能力自动提取功能。这项研究旨在使用他的乳腺癌对不同类型的乳腺癌进行分类。在这项研究中,我们提出了一个增强的胶囊网络,该网络使用RES2NET块和四个额外的卷积层提取多尺度特征。此外,由于使用了小的卷积内核和RES2NET块,因此所提出的方法具有较少的参数。结果,新方法的表现优于旧方法,因为它会自动学习最佳功能。测试结果表明该模型的表现优于先前的DL方法。
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Pneumonia, a respiratory infection brought on by bacteria or viruses, affects a large number of people, especially in developing and impoverished countries where high levels of pollution, unclean living conditions, and overcrowding are frequently observed, along with insufficient medical infrastructure. Pleural effusion, a condition in which fluids fill the lung and complicate breathing, is brought on by pneumonia. Early detection of pneumonia is essential for ensuring curative care and boosting survival rates. The approach most usually used to diagnose pneumonia is chest X-ray imaging. The purpose of this work is to develop a method for the automatic diagnosis of bacterial and viral pneumonia in digital x-ray pictures. This article first presents the authors' technique, and then gives a comprehensive report on recent developments in the field of reliable diagnosis of pneumonia. In this study, here tuned a state-of-the-art deep convolutional neural network to classify plant diseases based on images and tested its performance. Deep learning architecture is compared empirically. VGG19, ResNet with 152v2, Resnext101, Seresnet152, Mobilenettv2, and DenseNet with 201 layers are among the architectures tested. Experiment data consists of two groups, sick and healthy X-ray pictures. To take appropriate action against plant diseases as soon as possible, rapid disease identification models are preferred. DenseNet201 has shown no overfitting or performance degradation in our experiments, and its accuracy tends to increase as the number of epochs increases. Further, DenseNet201 achieves state-of-the-art performance with a significantly a smaller number of parameters and within a reasonable computing time. This architecture outperforms the competition in terms of testing accuracy, scoring 95%. Each architecture was trained using Keras, using Theano as the backend.
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由于肿胀和病态增大,人体组织中组织的异常发育被称为肿瘤。它们主要被归类为良性和恶性。大脑中的肿瘤可能是致命的,因为它可能是癌性的,因此可以以附近的健康细胞为食并不断增加大小。这可能会影响大脑中软组织,神经细胞和小血管。因此,有必要以最高的精度在早期阶段检测和分类。脑肿瘤的大小和位置不同,这使得很难理解其性质。由于附近的健康细胞与肿瘤之间的相似性,即使使用先进的MRI(磁共振成像)技术,脑肿瘤的检测和分类过程也可能是一项繁重的任务。在本文中,我们使用Keras和Tensorflow来实施最先进的卷积神经网络(CNN)架构,例如EdgitionNetB0,Resnet50,Xpection,MobilenetV2和VGG16,使用转移学习来检测和分类三种类型的大脑肿瘤,即神经胶质瘤,脑膜瘤和垂体。我们使用的数据集由3264个2-D磁共振图像和4个类组成。由于数据集的尺寸较小,因此使用各种数据增强技术来增加数据集的大小。我们提出的方法不仅包括数据增强,而且还包括各种图像降级技术,头骨剥离,裁剪和偏置校正。在我们提出的工作效率NETB0体系结构中,最佳准确性为97.61%。本文的目的是区分正常和异常像素,并以更好的准确性对它们进行分类。
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为了产生最大的影响,必须使用基于证据的决策制定公共卫生计划。创建机器学习算法是为了收集,存储,处理和分析数据以提供知识和指导决策。任何监视系统的关键部分是图像分析。截至最近,计算机视觉和机器学习的社区最终对此感到好奇。这项研究使用各种机器学习和图像处理方法来检测和预测疟疾疾病。在我们的研究中,我们发现了深度学习技术作为具有更广泛适用于疟疾检测的智能工具的潜力,通过协助诊断病情,可以使医生受益。我们研究了针对计算机框架和组织的深度学习的共同限制,计算需要准备数据,准备开销,实时执行和解释能力,并发现对这些限制的轴承的未来询问。
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Lung cancer is a severe menace to human health, due to which millions of people die because of late diagnoses of cancer; thus, it is vital to detect the disease as early as possible. The Computerized chest analysis Tomography of scan is assumed to be one of the efficient solutions for detecting and classifying lung nodules. The necessity of high accuracy of analyzing C.T. scan images of the lung is considered as one of the crucial challenges in detecting and classifying lung cancer. A new long-short-term-memory (LSTM) based deep fusion structure, is introduced, where, the texture features computed from lung nodules through new volumetric grey-level-co-occurrence-matrices (GLCM) computations are applied to classify the nodules into: benign, malignant and ambiguous. An improved Otsu segmentation method combined with the water strider optimization algorithm (WSA) is proposed to detect the lung nodules. Otsu-WSA thresholding can overcome the restrictions present in previous thresholding methods. Extended experiments are run to assess this fusion structure by considering 2D-GLCM computations based 2D-slices fusion, and an approximation of this 3D-GLCM with volumetric 2.5D-GLCM computations-based LSTM fusion structure. The proposed methods are trained and assessed through the LIDC-IDRI dataset, where 94.4%, 91.6%, and 95.8% Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity are obtained, respectively for 2D-GLCM fusion and 97.33%, 96%, and 98%, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, respectively, for 2.5D-GLCM fusion. The yield of the same are 98.7%, 98%, and 99%, for the 3D-GLCM fusion. The obtained results and analysis indicate that the WSA-Otsu method requires less execution time and yields a more accurate thresholding process. It is found that 3D-GLCM based LSTM outperforms its counterparts.
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Brain tumor classification is crucial for clinical analysis and an effective treatment plan to cure patients. Deep learning models help radiologists to accurately and efficiently analyze tumors without manual intervention. However, brain tumor analysis is challenging because of its complex structure, texture, size, location, and appearance. Therefore, a novel deep residual and regional-based Res-BRNet Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is developed for effective brain tumor (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) MRI classification. The developed Res-BRNet employed Regional and boundary-based operations in a systematic order within the modified spatial and residual blocks. Moreover, the spatial block extract homogeneity and boundary-defined features at the abstract level. Furthermore, the residual blocks employed at the target level significantly learn local and global texture variations of different classes of brain tumors. The efficiency of the developed Res-BRNet is evaluated on a standard dataset; collected from Kaggle and Figshare containing various tumor categories, including meningioma, glioma, pituitary, and healthy images. Experiments prove that the developed Res-BRNet outperforms the standard CNN models and attained excellent performances (accuracy: 98.22%, sensitivity: 0.9811, F-score: 0.9841, and precision: 0.9822) on challenging datasets. Additionally, the performance of the proposed Res-BRNet indicates a strong potential for medical image-based disease analyses.
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人工智能(AI)技术具有重要潜力,可以实现有效,鲁棒和自动的图像表型,包括识别细微图案。基于AI的检测搜索图像空间基于模式和特征来找到兴趣区域。存在一种良性的肿瘤组织学,可以通过使用图像特征的基于AI的分类方法来识别。图像从图像中提取可用于的可覆盖方式,可以通过显式(手工/工程化)和深度辐射谱系框架来探索途径。辐射瘤分析有可能用作非侵入性技术,以准确表征肿瘤,以改善诊断和治疗监测。这项工作介绍基于AI的技术,专注于肿瘤宠物和PET / CT成像,用于不同的检测,分类和预测/预测任务。我们还讨论了所需的努力,使AI技术转换为常规临床工作流程,以及潜在的改进和互补技术,例如在电子健康记录和神经象征性AI技术上使用自然语言处理。
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人工神经网络(ANN)能够学习,纠正错误和将大量原始数据转化为治疗和护理的有用医疗决策,这增加了增强患者安全和护理质量的普及。因此,本文审查了ANN的关键作用为患者医疗保健决策提供有价值的见解和有效的疾病诊断。我们彻底审查了现有文献中的不同类型的ANN,以便为复杂应用程序进行高级ANNS适配。此外,我们还调查Ann的各种疾病诊断和治疗的进步,例如病毒,皮肤,癌症和Covid-19。此外,我们提出了一种名为ConxNet的新型深度卷积神经网络(CNN)模型,用于提高Covid-19疾病的检测准确性。 ConxNet经过培训并使用不同的数据集进行测试,它达到了超过97%的检测精度和精度,这明显优于现有型号。最后,我们突出了未来的研究方向和挑战,例如算法的复杂性,可用数据,隐私和安全性,以及与ANN的生物传染集成。这些研究方向需要大幅关注改善医疗诊断和治疗应用的ANN的范围。
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胆道是一个管网络,将肝脏与胆囊连接到胆囊,这是一个正下方的器官。胆管是胆汁树中的主要管。胆管的扩张是人体中更多主要问题的关键指标,例如石头和肿瘤,这些问题通常是由胰腺或Vater的乳头状引起的。在许多情况下,胆管扩张的检测对于初学者或未经训练的医务人员来说可能具有挑战性。即使是专业人士也无法用肉眼检测到胆管扩张。这项研究提出了一种基于视觉的独特模型,用于初始诊断。为了从磁共振图像分割胆道树,框架使用了不同的图像处理方法(MRI)。在对图像的感兴趣区域进行了细分后,对其进行了许多计算,以提取10个特征,包括主要轴和次要轴,胆管区域,胆汁树面积,紧凑性和某些纹理特征(对比度,平均值,方差和相关性)。这项研究使用了约旦安曼国王侯赛因医学中心的图像数据库,其中包括200张MRI图像,100例正常病例和100例胆管扩张的患者。提取特征后,使用各种分类器来确定患者的健康状况(正常或扩张)。研究结果表明,提取的特征在曲线下的准确性和面积方面与所有分类器都很好。这项研究的独特之处在于,它使用自动方法从MRI图像中分割胆汁树,并且科学地将检索到的特征与胆道树状态相关联,而文献中从未做过。
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人类生理学中的各种结构遵循特异性形态,通常在非常细的尺度上表达复杂性。这种结构的例子是胸前气道,视网膜血管和肝血管。可以观察到可以观察到可以观察到可以观察到可以观察到空间排列的磁共振成像(MRI),计算机断层扫描(CT),光学相干断层扫描(OCT)等医学成像模式(MRI),计算机断层扫描(CT),可以观察到空间排列的大量2D和3D图像的集合。这些结构在医学成像中的分割非常重要,因为对结构的分析提供了对疾病诊断,治疗计划和预后的见解。放射科医生手动标记广泛的数据通常是耗时且容易出错的。结果,在过去的二十年中,自动化或半自动化的计算模型已成为医学成像的流行研究领域,迄今为止,许多计算模型已经开发出来。在这项调查中,我们旨在对当前公开可用的数据集,细分算法和评估指标进行全面审查。此外,讨论了当前的挑战和未来的研究方向。
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MRI图像中的脑肿瘤分析是一个重要而挑战性的问题,因为误诊可能导致死亡。脑肿瘤在早期阶段的诊断和评估增加了成功治疗的概率。然而,肿瘤,形状和位置的复杂性和各种使其分割和分类复合物。在这方面,许多研究人员提出了脑肿瘤细分和分类方法。本文使用含有MRI图像增强和肿瘤区检测的框架,呈现了一种同时分段和分类MRI图像中的脑肿瘤的方法。最终,提出了一种基于多任务学习方法的网络。主观和客观结果表明,基于评估指标的分割和分类结果更好或与最先进的。
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根据世界卫生组织(世卫组织),癌症是全世界第二次死亡原因,仅对2018年的950万人死亡负责。脑肿瘤计数每四个癌症死亡中的一次。因此,准确和及时诊断脑肿瘤会导致更有效的治疗方法。医生只通过脑手术进行活组织检查操作,并且在诊断肿瘤类型后,考虑治疗计划。基于机器学习算法的自动系统可以允许医生以非侵入性措施诊断脑肿瘤。迄今为止,已经提出了几种图像分类方法以辅助诊断和治疗。对于脑肿瘤分类在这项工作中,我们提供基于深度学习的系统,包含编码器块。这些块作为剩余学习的最大池特征送入。我们的方法展示了通过使用有限的医学图像数据集提高磁共振成像(MRI)图像中的肿瘤分类精度来实现有希望的结果。该模型在数据集中的实验评估由3064 MR图像组成的准确度提出95.98%,这比以前关于此数据库的研究更好。
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Clinical diagnostic and treatment decisions rely upon the integration of patient-specific data with clinical reasoning. Cancer presents a unique context that influence treatment decisions, given its diverse forms of disease evolution. Biomedical imaging allows noninvasive assessment of disease based on visual evaluations leading to better clinical outcome prediction and therapeutic planning. Early methods of brain cancer characterization predominantly relied upon statistical modeling of neuroimaging data. Driven by the breakthroughs in computer vision, deep learning became the de facto standard in the domain of medical imaging. Integrated statistical and deep learning methods have recently emerged as a new direction in the automation of the medical practice unifying multi-disciplinary knowledge in medicine, statistics, and artificial intelligence. In this study, we critically review major statistical and deep learning models and their applications in brain imaging research with a focus on MRI-based brain tumor segmentation. The results do highlight that model-driven classical statistics and data-driven deep learning is a potent combination for developing automated systems in clinical oncology.
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Structural alterations have been thoroughly investigated in the brain during the early onset of schizophrenia (SCZ) with the development of neuroimaging methods. The objective of the paper is an efficient classification of SCZ in 2 different classes: Cognitive Normal (CN), and SCZ using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images. This paper proposed a lightweight 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) based framework for SCZ diagnosis using MRI images. In the proposed model, lightweight 3D CNN is used to extract both spatial and spectral features simultaneously from 3D volume MRI scans, and classification is done using an ensemble bagging classifier. Ensemble bagging classifier contributes to preventing overfitting, reduces variance, and improves the model's accuracy. The proposed algorithm is tested on datasets taken from three benchmark databases available as open-source: MCICShare, COBRE, and fBRINPhase-II. These datasets have undergone preprocessing steps to register all the MRI images to the standard template and reduce the artifacts. The model achieves the highest accuracy 92.22%, sensitivity 94.44%, specificity 90%, precision 90.43%, recall 94.44%, F1-score 92.39% and G-mean 92.19% as compared to the current state-of-the-art techniques. The performance metrics evidenced the use of this model to assist the clinicians for automatic accurate diagnosis of SCZ.
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It is essential to classify brain tumors from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) accurately for better and timely treatment of the patients. In this paper, we propose a hybrid model, using VGG along with Nonlinear-SVM (Soft and Hard) to classify the brain tumors: glioma and pituitary and tumorous and non-tumorous. The VGG-SVM model is trained for two different datasets of two classes; thus, we perform binary classification. The VGG models are trained via the PyTorch python library to obtain the highest testing accuracy of tumor classification. The method is threefold, in the first step, we normalize and resize the images, and the second step consists of feature extraction through variants of the VGG model. The third step classified brain tumors using non-linear SVM (soft and hard). We have obtained 98.18% accuracy for the first dataset and 99.78% for the second dataset using VGG19. The classification accuracies for non-linear SVM are 95.50% and 97.98% with linear and rbf kernel and 97.95% for soft SVM with RBF kernel with D1, and 96.75% and 98.60% with linear and RBF kernel and 98.38% for soft SVM with RBF kernel with D2. Results indicate that the hybrid VGG-SVM model, especially VGG 19 with SVM, is able to outperform existing techniques and achieve high accuracy.
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随着深度学习方法的进步,如深度卷积神经网络,残余神经网络,对抗网络的进步。 U-Net架构最广泛利用生物医学图像分割,以解决目标区域或子区域的识别和检测的自动化。在最近的研究中,基于U-Net的方法在不同应用中显示了最先进的性能,以便在脑肿瘤,肺癌,阿尔茨海默,乳腺癌等疾病的早期诊断和治疗中发育计算机辅助诊断系统等,使用各种方式。本文通过描述U-Net框架来提出这些方法的成功,然后通过执行1)型号的U-Net变体进行综合分析,2)模特内分类,建立更好的见解相关的挑战和解决方案。此外,本文还强调了基于U-Net框架在持续的大流行病,严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-COV-2)中的贡献也称为Covid-19。最后,分析了这些U-Net变体的优点和相似性以及生物医学图像分割所涉及的挑战,以发现该领域的未来未来的研究方向。
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2019年12月,一个名为Covid-19的新型病毒导致了迄今为止的巨大因果关系。与新的冠状病毒的战斗在西班牙语流感后令人振奋和恐怖。虽然前线医生和医学研究人员在控制高度典型病毒的传播方面取得了重大进展,但技术也证明了在战斗中的重要性。此外,许多医疗应用中已采用人工智能,以诊断许多疾病,甚至陷入困境的经验丰富的医生。因此,本调查纸探讨了提议的方法,可以提前援助医生和研究人员,廉价的疾病诊断方法。大多数发展中国家难以使用传统方式进行测试,但机器和深度学习可以采用显着的方式。另一方面,对不同类型的医学图像的访问已经激励了研究人员。结果,提出了一种庞大的技术数量。本文首先详细调了人工智能域中传统方法的背景知识。在此之后,我们会收集常用的数据集及其用例日期。此外,我们还显示了采用深入学习的机器学习的研究人员的百分比。因此,我们对这种情况进行了彻底的分析。最后,在研究挑战中,我们详细阐述了Covid-19研究中面临的问题,我们解决了我们的理解,以建立一个明亮健康的环境。
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