黑暗视频中的动作识别任务在各种情况下很有用,例如夜间夜间监视和自动驾驶。尽管在正常照明的视频的动作识别任务中取得了进展,但在黑暗中很少有人研究动作识别。这部分是由于缺乏足够的数据集来完成此类任务。在本文中,我们探讨了黑暗视频中动作识别的任务。我们通过收集一个新数据集:黑暗(ARID)数据集中的动作识别来弥合此任务缺乏数据的差距。它由3,780多个具有11个动作类别的视频剪辑组成。据我们所知,这是第一个针对黑暗视频中人类行为的数据集。为了进一步了解我们的干旱数据集,我们详细分析了干旱数据集,并在合成黑暗视频中表现出了必要性。此外,我们在数据集上基准了几种当前动作识别模型的性能,并探索了提高其性能的潜在方法。我们的结果表明,当前的动作识别模型和框架增强方法可能不是黑暗视频中动作识别任务的有效解决方案。
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A self-supervised adaptive low-light video enhancement (SALVE) method is proposed in this work. SALVE first conducts an effective Retinex-based low-light image enhancement on a few key frames of an input low-light video. Next, it learns mappings from the low- to enhanced-light frames via Ridge regression. Finally, it uses these mappings to enhance the remaining frames in the input video. SALVE is a hybrid method that combines components from a traditional Retinex-based image enhancement method and a learning-based method. The former component leads to a robust solution which is easily adaptive to new real-world environments. The latter component offers a fast, computationally inexpensive and temporally consistent solution. We conduct extensive experiments to show the superior performance of SALVE. Our user study shows that 87% of participants prefer SALVE over prior work.
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Domain adaptation (DA) approaches address domain shift and enable networks to be applied to different scenarios. Although various image DA approaches have been proposed in recent years, there is limited research towards video DA. This is partly due to the complexity in adapting the different modalities of features in videos, which includes the correlation features extracted as long-term dependencies of pixels across spatiotemporal dimensions. The correlation features are highly associated with action classes and proven their effectiveness in accurate video feature extraction through the supervised action recognition task. Yet correlation features of the same action would differ across domains due to domain shift. Therefore we propose a novel Adversarial Correlation Adaptation Network (ACAN) to align action videos by aligning pixel correlations. ACAN aims to minimize the distribution of correlation information, termed as Pixel Correlation Discrepancy (PCD). Additionally, video DA research is also limited by the lack of cross-domain video datasets with larger domain shifts. We, therefore, introduce a novel HMDB-ARID dataset with a larger domain shift caused by a larger statistical difference between domains. This dataset is built in an effort to leverage current datasets for dark video classification. Empirical results demonstrate the state-of-the-art performance of our proposed ACAN for both existing and the new video DA datasets.
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近年来,我们在视频动作识别方面取得了巨大进展。有几种基于卷积神经网络(CNN)的模型,采用了一些基于变压器的方法,可在现有基准数据集上提供最先进的性能。但是,对于这些模型,尚未研究大规模的鲁棒性,这对于现实世界应用而言是关键方面。在这项工作中,我们对这些现有模型进行大规模鲁棒性分析,以供视频识别。我们主要关注因现实世界扰动而不是对抗性扰动引起的分配变化的鲁棒性。我们提出了四个不同的基准数据集,即HMDB-51P,UCF-101P,Kinetics-400P和SSV2P,并研究了六种针对90种不同扰动的六种不同最先进的动作识别模型的鲁棒性。该研究揭示了一些有趣的发现,1)基于变压器的模型与基于CNN的模型相比,对于大多数扰动,基于变压器的模型始终更健壮,2)预训练有助于基于变压器的模型比基于CNN的模型更适合不同的扰动,而3)所有研究的模型对动力学数据集的时间扰动都具有鲁棒性,但在SSV2上却不是。这表明时间信息对于SSV2数据集的动作标签预​​测比动力学数据集更为重要。我们希望这项研究能够作为在强大的视频行动识别中进行未来研究的基准。有关该项目的更多详细信息,请访问https://rose-ar.github.io/。
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低光图像增强(LLIE)旨在提高在环境中捕获的图像的感知或解释性,较差的照明。该领域的最新进展由基于深度学习的解决方案为主,其中许多学习策略,网络结构,丢失功能,培训数据等已被采用。在本文中,我们提供了全面的调查,以涵盖从算法分类到开放问题的各个方面。为了检查现有方法的概括,我们提出了一个低光图像和视频数据集,其中图像和视频是在不同的照明条件下的不同移动电话的相机拍摄的。除此之外,我们首次提供统一的在线平台,涵盖许多流行的LLIE方法,其中结果可以通过用户友好的Web界面生产。除了在公开和我们拟议的数据集上对现有方法的定性和定量评估外,我们还验证了他们在黑暗中的脸部检测中的表现。这项调查与拟议的数据集和在线平台一起作为未来研究的参考来源和促进该研究领域的发展。拟议的平台和数据集以及收集的方法,数据集和评估指标是公开可用的,并将经常更新。
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直觉可能表明,运动和动态信息是基于视频的动作识别的关键。相比之下,有证据表明,最新的深入学习视频理解架构偏向单帧可用的静态信息。目前,缺少用于隔离视频中动态信息影响的方法和相应的数据集。他们的缺席使得很难理解当代体系结构如何利用动态和静态信息。我们以新颖的外观免费数据集(AFD)做出反应,以进行动作识别。 AFD缺乏与单个帧中的动作识别有关的静态信息。动力学的建模对于解决任务是必要的,因为仅通过考虑时间维度才能明显作用。我们评估了AFD上的11种当代行动识别体系结构及其相关的RGB视频。我们的结果表明,与RGB相比,AFD上所有体系结构的性能均显着下降。我们还对人类进行了免费研究,该研究表明他们在AFD和RGB上的识别准确性非常相似,并且比AFD评估的体系结构要好得多。我们的结果激发了一种新颖的体系结构,在当代设计中,在AFD和RGB上的最佳性能中恢复了光流的明确恢复。
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Human activity recognition (HAR) using drone-mounted cameras has attracted considerable interest from the computer vision research community in recent years. A robust and efficient HAR system has a pivotal role in fields like video surveillance, crowd behavior analysis, sports analysis, and human-computer interaction. What makes it challenging are the complex poses, understanding different viewpoints, and the environmental scenarios where the action is taking place. To address such complexities, in this paper, we propose a novel Sparse Weighted Temporal Attention (SWTA) module to utilize sparsely sampled video frames for obtaining global weighted temporal attention. The proposed SWTA is comprised of two parts. First, temporal segment network that sparsely samples a given set of frames. Second, weighted temporal attention, which incorporates a fusion of attention maps derived from optical flow, with raw RGB images. This is followed by a basenet network, which comprises a convolutional neural network (CNN) module along with fully connected layers that provide us with activity recognition. The SWTA network can be used as a plug-in module to the existing deep CNN architectures, for optimizing them to learn temporal information by eliminating the need for a separate temporal stream. It has been evaluated on three publicly available benchmark datasets, namely Okutama, MOD20, and Drone-Action. The proposed model has received an accuracy of 72.76%, 92.56%, and 78.86% on the respective datasets thereby surpassing the previous state-of-the-art performances by a margin of 25.26%, 18.56%, and 2.94%, respectively.
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This paper presents a comprehensive survey of low-light image and video enhancement. We begin with the challenging mixed over-/under-exposed images, which are under-performed by existing methods. To this end, we propose two variants of the SICE dataset named SICE_Grad and SICE_Mix. Next, we introduce Night Wenzhou, a large-scale, high-resolution video dataset, to address the issue of the lack of a low-light video dataset that discount the use of low-light image enhancement (LLIE) to videos. The Night Wenzhou dataset is challenging since it consists of fast-moving aerial scenes and streetscapes with varying illuminations and degradation. We conduct extensive key technique analysis and experimental comparisons for representative LLIE approaches using these newly proposed datasets and the current benchmark datasets. Finally, we address unresolved issues and propose future research topics for the LLIE community.
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基于视觉的人类活动识别已成为视频分析领域的重要研究领域之一。在过去的十年中,已经引入了许多先进的深度学习算法,以识别视频流中复杂的人类行为。这些深度学习算法对人类活动识别任务显示出令人印象深刻的表现。但是,这些新引入的方法仅专注于模型性能或这些模型在计算效率和鲁棒性方面的有效性,从而导致其解决挑战性人类活动识别问题的提议中的偏差折衷。为了克服当代深度学习模型对人类活动识别的局限性,本文提出了一个计算高效但通用的空间级联框架,该框架利用了深层歧视性的空间和时间特征,以识别人类活动的识别。为了有效地表示人类行动,我们提出了有效的双重注意卷积神经网络(CNN)体系结构,该结构利用统一的通道空间注意机制来提取视频框架中以人为中心的显着特征。双通道空间注意力层与卷积层一起学会在具有特征图数量的物体的空间接收场中更加专注。然后将提取的判别显着特征转发到堆叠的双向封闭式复发单元(BI-GRU),以使用前进和后传球梯度学习,以实现长期时间建模和对人类行为的识别。进行了广泛的实验,其中获得的结果表明,与大多数当代动作识别方法相比,所提出的框架的执行时间的改善最高167倍。
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在视频中,人类的行为是三维(3D)信号。这些视频研究了人类行为的时空知识。使用3D卷积神经网络(CNN)研究了有希望的能力。 3D CNN尚未在静止照片中为其建立良好的二维(2D)等效物获得高输出。董事会3D卷积记忆和时空融合面部训练难以防止3D CNN完成非凡的评估。在本文中,我们实施了混合深度学习体系结构,该体系结构结合了Stip和3D CNN功能,以有效地增强3D视频的性能。实施后,在每个时空融合圈中进行训练的较详细和更深的图表。训练模型在处理模型的复杂评估后进一步增强了结果。视频分类模型在此实现模型中使用。引入了使用深度学习的多媒体数据分类的智能3D网络协议,以进一步了解人类努力中的时空关联。在实施结果时,著名的数据集(即UCF101)评估了提出的混合技术的性能。结果击败了提出的混合技术,该混合动力技术基本上超过了最初的3D CNN。将结果与文献的最新框架进行比较,以识别UCF101的行动识别,准确度为95%。
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The purpose of this study is to determine whether current video datasets have sufficient data for training very deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with spatio-temporal three-dimensional (3D) kernels. Recently, the performance levels of 3D CNNs in the field of action recognition have improved significantly. However, to date, conventional research has only explored relatively shallow 3D architectures. We examine the architectures of various 3D CNNs from relatively shallow to very deep ones on current video datasets. Based on the results of those experiments, the following conclusions could be obtained: (i) training resulted in significant overfitting for UCF-101, HMDB-51, and Ac-tivityNet but not for Kinetics. (ii) The Kinetics dataset has sufficient data for training of deep 3D CNNs, and enables training of up to 152 ResNets layers, interestingly similar to 2D ResNets on ImageNet. ResNeXt-101 achieved 78.4% average accuracy on the Kinetics test set. (iii) Kinetics pretrained simple 3D architectures outperforms complex 2D architectures, and the pretrained ResNeXt-101 achieved 94.5% and 70.2% on respectively. The use of 2D CNNs trained on ImageNet has produced significant progress in various tasks in image. We believe that using deep 3D CNNs together with Kinetics will retrace the successful history of 2D CNNs and ImageNet, and stimulate advances in computer vision for videos. The codes and pretrained models used in this study are publicly available1.
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内窥镜检查是空心器官内最广泛使用的癌症和息肉检测的医疗技术。但是,由于启蒙源方向,内窥镜获得的图像经常受到照明人工制品的影响。当内窥镜的光源姿势突然变化时,存在两个主要问题:产生过度曝光和不受欢迎的组织区域。这两种情况可能导致因影响区域缺乏信息而导致误诊,或者在非侵入性检查过程中使用了各种计算机视觉方法的性能(例如,大满贯,运动结构,光流,光流)。这项工作的目的是两倍:i)引入一种由生成对抗技术生成的新合成生成的数据集和ii),并探索在过度暴露和未渗透的照明中探索基于浅层和深度学习的基于浅的基于学习的图像增强方法条件。除了在7.6 fps左右的运行时间外,还通过基于深网的LMSPEC方法获得了最佳定量结果(即基于公制的结果)
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人类相互作用的分析是人类运动分析的一个重要研究主题。它已经使用第一人称视觉(FPV)或第三人称视觉(TPV)进行了研究。但是,到目前为止,两种视野的联合学习几乎没有引起关注。原因之一是缺乏涵盖FPV和TPV的合适数据集。此外,FPV或TPV的现有基准数据集具有多个限制,包括样本数量有限,参与者,交互类别和模态。在这项工作中,我们贡献了一个大规模的人类交互数据集,即FT-HID数据集。 FT-HID包含第一人称和第三人称愿景的成对对齐的样本。该数据集是从109个不同受试者中收集的,并具有三种模式的90K样品。该数据集已通过使用几种现有的动作识别方法验证。此外,我们还引入了一种新型的骨骼序列的多视图交互机制,以及针对第一人称和第三人称视野的联合学习多流框架。两种方法都在FT-HID数据集上产生有希望的结果。可以预期,这一视力一致的大规模数据集的引入将促进FPV和TPV的发展,以及他们用于人类行动分析的联合学习技术。该数据集和代码可在\ href {https://github.com/endlichere/ft-hid} {here} {herefichub.com/endlichere.com/endlichere}中获得。
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State-of-the-art activity recognizers are effective during the day, but not trustworthy in the dark. The main causes are the distribution shift from the lower color contrast as well as the limited availability of labeled dark videos. Our goal is to recognize activities in the dark as well as in the day. To compensate for the lack of labeled dark videos, we introduce a pseudo-supervised learning scheme, which utilizes task-irrelevant unlabeled dark videos to train an activity recognizer. Our proposed activity recognizer makes use of audio which is invariant to illumination. However, the usefulness of audio and visual features differs according to the illumination. Thus we propose to make our audio-visual recognizer `darkness-aware'. Experiments on EPIC-Kitchens, Kinetics-Sound, and Charades demonstrate that our proposals enable effective activity recognition in the dark and can even improve robustness to occlusions.
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由于其前所未有的优势,在规模,移动,部署和隐蔽观察能力方面,空中平台和成像传感器的快速出现是实现新的空中监测形式。本文从计算机视觉和模式识别的角度来看,全面概述了以人为本的空中监控任务。它旨在为读者提供使用无人机,无人机和其他空中平台的空中监测任务当前状态的深入系统审查和技术分析。感兴趣的主要对象是人类,其中要检测单个或多个受试者,识别,跟踪,重新识别并进行其行为。更具体地,对于这四项任务中的每一个,我们首先讨论与基于地面的设置相比在空中环境中执行这些任务的独特挑战。然后,我们审查和分析公共可用于每项任务的航空数据集,并深入了解航空文学中的方法,并调查他们目前如何应对鸟瞰挑战。我们在讨论缺失差距和开放研究问题的讨论中得出结论,告知未来的研究途径。
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本章旨在帮助开发网络 - 物理系统(CPS)在视频监控的各种应用中自动理解事件和活动。这些事件主要由无人机,中央电视台或新手和低端设备上的非熟板捕获。由于许多质量因素,这些视频是不受约束的,这些视频是非常挑战性的。我们在多年来提出了为解决问题的各种方法提供了广泛的陈述。这根据来自基于运动(SFM)的结构的方法,涉及涉及深神经网络的最近解决方案框架的方法。我们表明,长期运动模式在识别事件的任务中,单独发挥枢轴作用。因此,每个视频由使用基于图形的方法的固定数量的键帧显着表示。仅使用混合卷积神经网络(CNN)+经常性神经网络(RNN)架构利用时间特征。我们获得的结果是令人鼓舞的,因为它们优于标准的时间CNN,并且与使用空间信息以及运动提示的人员相提并论。进一步探索多际型号,我们构思了网络的空间和时间翼的多层融合策略。使用偏置的混合技术获得对视频和帧级别的各个预测载体的整合表示。与最先进的方法相比,融合策略在每个阶段的精度赋予我们更高的精度,因此在分类中实现了强大的共识。结果记录在动作识别域,即CCV,HMDB,UCF-101和KCV中广泛使用的四个基准数据集。可推动的是,专注于视频序列的更好分类肯定会导致强大的致动设计用于事件监视和对象暨活动跟踪的系统。
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尽管深度学习已被广​​泛用于视频分析,例如视频分类和动作检测,但与体育视频的快速移动主题进行密集的动作检测仍然具有挑战性。在这项工作中,我们发布了另一个体育视频数据集$ \ textbf {p $^2 $ a} $ for $ \ usewessline {p} $ \ in $ \ usepline {p} $ ong- $ \ $ \ usepline {a} $ ction ction ction检测,由2,721个视频片段组成,这些视频片段从世界乒乓球锦标赛和奥林匹克运动会的专业乒乓球比赛的广播视频中收集。我们与一批乒乓球专业人士和裁判员合作,以获取出现在数据集中的每个乒乓球动作,并提出两组动作检测问题 - 行动定位和行动识别。我们使用$ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ fextbf {p $^2 $^2 $^2 $ a^2 $^2 $ a^2 $^2 $ a^2 $ a^2 $^$^2 $ a^2 $^2 $ a^2 $^2 $ a^2 $^2 $ a^2 $^2 $^2 $ a^2 $^2 $ a^2 $^2 $^2 $^2 $^2 $^2 $^2 $ a在各种设置下,这两个问题的$} $。这些模型只能在AR-AN曲线下实现48%的面积,以进行本地化,而识别次数为82%,因为Ping-Pong的动作密集具有快速移动的主题,但广播视频仅为25 fps。结果证实,$ \ textbf {p $^2 $ a} $仍然是一项具有挑战性的任务,可以用作视频中动作检测的基准。
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在极低光线条件下捕获图像会对标准相机管道带来重大挑战。图像变得太黑了,太吵了,这使得传统的增强技术几乎不可能申请。最近,基于学习的方法已经为此任务显示了非常有希望的结果,因为它们具有更大的表现力能力来允许提高质量。这些研究中的激励,在本文中,我们的目标是利用爆破摄影来提高性能,并从极端暗的原始图像获得更加锐利和更准确的RGB图像。我们提出的框架的骨干是一种新颖的粗良好网络架构,逐步产生高质量的输出。粗略网络预测了低分辨率,去噪的原始图像,然后将其馈送到精细网络以恢复微尺的细节和逼真的纹理。为了进一步降低噪声水平并提高颜色精度,我们将该网络扩展到置换不变结构,使得它作为输入突发为低光图像,并在特征级别地合并来自多个图像的信息。我们的实验表明,我们的方法通过生产更详细和相当更高的质量的图像来引起比最先进的方法更令人愉悦的结果。
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Deep convolutional networks have achieved great success for visual recognition in still images. However, for action recognition in videos, the advantage over traditional methods is not so evident. This paper aims to discover the principles to design effective ConvNet architectures for action recognition in videos and learn these models given limited training samples. Our first contribution is temporal segment network (TSN), a novel framework for video-based action recognition. which is based on the idea of long-range temporal structure modeling. It combines a sparse temporal sampling strategy and video-level supervision to enable efficient and effective learning using the whole action video. The other contribution is our study on a series of good practices in learning ConvNets on video data with the help of temporal segment network. Our approach obtains the state-the-of-art performance on the datasets of HMDB51 (69.4%) and UCF101 (94.2%). We also visualize the learned ConvNet models, which qualitatively demonstrates the effectiveness of temporal segment network and the proposed good practices. 1
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Figure 1: Seeing these ordered frames from videos, can you tell whether each video is playing forward or backward? (answer below 1 ). Depending on the video, solving the task may require (a) low-level understanding (e.g. physics), (b) high-level reasoning (e.g. semantics), or (c) familiarity with very subtle effects or with (d) camera conventions. In this work, we learn and exploit several types of knowledge to predict the arrow of time automatically with neural network models trained on large-scale video datasets.
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