Forecasting time series with extreme events has been a challenging and prevalent research topic, especially when the time series data are affected by complicated uncertain factors, such as is the case in hydrologic prediction. Diverse traditional and deep learning models have been applied to discover the nonlinear relationships and recognize the complex patterns in these types of data. However, existing methods usually ignore the negative influence of imbalanced data, or severe events, on model training. Moreover, methods are usually evaluated on a small number of generally well-behaved time series, which does not show their ability to generalize. To tackle these issues, we propose a novel probability-enhanced neural network model, called NEC+, which concurrently learns extreme and normal prediction functions and a way to choose among them via selective back propagation. We evaluate the proposed model on the difficult 3-day ahead hourly water level prediction task applied to 9 reservoirs in California. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model significantly outperforms state-of-the-art baselines and exhibits superior generalization ability on data with diverse distributions.

In this paper, we propose a new short-term load forecasting (STLF) model based on contextually enhanced hybrid and hierarchical architecture combining exponential smoothing (ES) and a recurrent neural network (RNN). The model is composed of two simultaneously trained tracks: the context track and the main track. The context track introduces additional information to the main track. It is extracted from representative series and dynamically modulated to adjust to the individual series forecasted by the main track. The RNN architecture consists of multiple recurrent layers stacked with hierarchical dilations and equipped with recently proposed attentive dilated recurrent cells. These cells enable the model to capture short-term, long-term and seasonal dependencies across time series as well as to weight dynamically the input information. The model produces both point forecasts and predictive intervals. The experimental part of the work performed on 35 forecasting problems shows that the proposed model outperforms in terms of accuracy its predecessor as well as standard statistical models and state-of-the-art machine learning models.

基于预测方法的深度学习已成为时间序列预测或预测的许多应用中的首选方法，通常通常优于其他方法。因此，在过去的几年中，这些方法现在在大规模的工业预测应用中无处不在，并且一直在预测竞赛（例如M4和M5）中排名最佳。这种实践上的成功进一步提高了学术兴趣，以理解和改善深厚的预测方法。在本文中，我们提供了该领域的介绍和概述：我们为深入预测的重要构建块提出了一定深度的深入预测；随后，我们使用这些构建块，调查了最近的深度预测文献的广度。

预测基金绩效对投资者和基金经理都是有益的，但这是一项艰巨的任务。在本文中，我们测试了深度学习模型是否比传统统计技术更准确地预测基金绩效。基金绩效通常通过Sharpe比率进行评估，该比例代表了风险调整的绩效，以确保基金之间有意义的可比性。我们根据每月收益率数据序列数据计算了年度夏普比率，该数据的时间序列数据为600多个投资于美国上市大型股票的开放式共同基金投资。我们发现，经过现代贝叶斯优化训练的长期短期记忆（LSTM）和封闭式复发单元（GRUS）深度学习方法比传统统计量相比，预测基金的Sharpe比率更高。结合了LSTM和GRU的预测的合奏方法，可以实现所有模型的最佳性能。有证据表明，深度学习和结合能提供有希望的解决方案，以应对基金绩效预测的挑战。

在本文中，我们呈现SSDNet，这是一个新的时间序列预测的深层学习方法。SSDNet将变压器架构与状态空间模型相结合，提供概率和可解释的预测，包括趋势和季节性成分以及前一步对预测很重要。变压器架构用于学习时间模式并直接有效地估计状态空间模型的参数，而无需对卡尔曼滤波器的需要。我们全面评估了SSDNET在五个数据集上的性能，显示SSDNet是一种有效的方法，可在准确性和速度，优于最先进的深度学习和统计方法方面是一种有效的方法，能够提供有意义的趋势和季节性组件。

Wind power forecasting helps with the planning for the power systems by contributing to having a higher level of certainty in decision-making. Due to the randomness inherent to meteorological events (e.g., wind speeds), making highly accurate long-term predictions for wind power can be extremely difficult. One approach to remedy this challenge is to utilize weather information from multiple points across a geographical grid to obtain a holistic view of the wind patterns, along with temporal information from the previous power outputs of the wind farms. Our proposed CNN-RNN architecture combines convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to extract spatial and temporal information from multi-dimensional input data to make day-ahead predictions. In this regard, our method incorporates an ultra-wide learning view, combining data from multiple numerical weather prediction models, wind farms, and geographical locations. Additionally, we experiment with global forecasting approaches to understand the impact of training the same model over the datasets obtained from multiple different wind farms, and we employ a method where spatial information extracted from convolutional layers is passed to a tree ensemble (e.g., Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM)) instead of fully connected layers. The results show that our proposed CNN-RNN architecture outperforms other models such as LGBM, Extra Tree regressor and linear regression when trained globally, but fails to replicate such performance when trained individually on each farm. We also observe that passing the spatial information from CNN to LGBM improves its performance, providing further evidence of CNN's spatial feature extraction capabilities.

地下水位预测是一个应用时间序列预测任务，具有重要的社会影响，以优化水管理以及防止某些自然灾害：例如，洪水或严重的干旱。在文献中已经报告了机器学习方法以实现这项任务，但它们仅专注于单个位置的地下水水平的预测。一种全球预测方法旨在利用从各个位置的地下水级时序列序列，一次在一个地方或一次在几个地方产生预测。鉴于全球预测方法在著名的竞争中取得了成功，因此在地下水级别的预测上进行评估并查看它们与本地方法的比较是有意义的。在这项工作中，我们创建了一个1026地下水级时序列的数据集。每个时间序列都是由每日测量地下水水平和两个外源变量，降雨和蒸散量制成的。该数据集可向社区提供可重现性和进一步评估。为了确定最佳的配置，可以有效地预测完整的时间序列的地下水水平，我们比较了包括本地和全球时间序列预测方法在内的不同预测因子。我们评估了外源变量的影响。我们的结果分析表明，通过训练过去的地下水位和降雨数据的全球方法获得最佳预测。

As ride-hailing services become increasingly popular, being able to accurately predict demand for such services can help operators efficiently allocate drivers to customers, and reduce idle time, improve congestion, and enhance the passenger experience. This paper proposes UberNet, a deep learning Convolutional Neural Network for short-term prediction of demand for ride-hailing services. UberNet empploys a multivariate framework that utilises a number of temporal and spatial features that have been found in the literature to explain demand for ride-hailing services. The proposed model includes two sub-networks that aim to encode the source series of various features and decode the predicting series, respectively. To assess the performance and effectiveness of UberNet, we use 9 months of Uber pickup data in 2014 and 28 spatial and temporal features from New York City. By comparing the performance of UberNet with several other approaches, we show that the prediction quality of the model is highly competitive. Further, Ubernet's prediction performance is better when using economic, social and built environment features. This suggests that Ubernet is more naturally suited to including complex motivators in making real-time passenger demand predictions for ride-hailing services.

本文介绍了一个集成预测方法，通过减少特征和模型选择假设来显示M4Competitiation数据集的强劲结果，称为甜甜圈（不利用人为假设）。我们的假设减少，主要由自动生成的功能和更多样化的集合模型组成，显着优于Montero-Manso等人的统计特征的集合方法FForma。 （2020）。此外，我们用长短期内存网络（LSTM）AutoEncoder调查特征提取，并发现此类特征包含传统统计特征方法未捕获的重要信息。合奏加权模型使用LSTM功能和统计功能准确地结合模型。特征重要性和交互的分析表明，单独的统计数据的LSTM特征略有优势。聚类分析表明，不同的基本LSTM功能与大多数统计特征不同。我们还发现，通过使用新模型增强合奏来增加加权模型的解决方案空间是加权模型学习使用的东西，解释了准确性的一部分。最后，我们为集合的最佳组合和选择提供了正式的前后事实分析，通过M4数据集的线性优化量化差异。我们还包括一个简短的证据，模型组合优于模型选择，后者。

Time series anomaly detection has applications in a wide range of research fields and applications, including manufacturing and healthcare. The presence of anomalies can indicate novel or unexpected events, such as production faults, system defects, or heart fluttering, and is therefore of particular interest. The large size and complex patterns of time series have led researchers to develop specialised deep learning models for detecting anomalous patterns. This survey focuses on providing structured and comprehensive state-of-the-art time series anomaly detection models through the use of deep learning. It providing a taxonomy based on the factors that divide anomaly detection models into different categories. Aside from describing the basic anomaly detection technique for each category, the advantages and limitations are also discussed. Furthermore, this study includes examples of deep anomaly detection in time series across various application domains in recent years. It finally summarises open issues in research and challenges faced while adopting deep anomaly detection models.

对极端事件的风险评估需要准确估算超出历史观察范围的高分位数。当风险取决于观察到的预测因子的值时，回归技术用于在预测器空间中插值。我们提出的EQRN模型将来自神经网络和极值理论的工具结合到能够在存在复杂预测依赖性的情况下外推的方法中。神经网络自然可以在数据中融合其他结构。我们开发了EQRN的经常性版本，该版本能够在时间序列中捕获复杂的顺序依赖性。我们将这种方法应用于瑞士AARE集水区中洪水风险的预测。它利用从时空和时间上的多个协变量中利用信息，以提供对回报水平和超出概率的一日预测。该输出从传统的极值分析中补充了静态返回水平，并且预测能够适应不断变化的气候中经历的分配变化。我们的模型可以帮助当局更有效地管理洪水，并通过预警系统最大程度地减少其灾难性影响。

时间变化数量的估计是医疗保健和金融等领域决策的基本组成部分。但是，此类估计值的实际实用性受到它们量化预测不确定性的准确程度的限制。在这项工作中，我们解决了估计高维多元时间序列的联合预测分布的问题。我们提出了一种基于变压器体系结构的多功能方法，该方法使用基于注意力的解码器估算关节分布，该解码器可被学会模仿非参数Copulas的性质。最终的模型具有多种理想的属性：它可以扩展到数百个时间序列，支持预测和插值，可以处理不规则和不均匀的采样数据，并且可以在训练过程中无缝地适应丢失的数据。我们从经验上证明了这些属性，并表明我们的模型在多个现实世界数据集上产生了最新的预测。

信息爆炸的时代促使累积巨大的时间序列数据，包括静止和非静止时间序列数据。最先进的算法在处理静止时间数据方面取得了体面的性能。然而，解决静止​​时间系列的传统算法不适用于外汇交易的非静止系列。本文调查了适用的模型，可以提高预测未来非静止时间序列序列趋势的准确性。特别是，我们专注于识别潜在模型，并调查识别模式从历史数据的影响。我们提出了基于RNN的\ Rebuttal {The} SEQ2Seq模型的组合，以及通过动态时间翘曲和Zigzag峰谷指示器提取的注重机制和富集的集合特征。定制损失函数和评估指标旨在更加关注预测序列的峰值和谷点。我们的研究结果表明，我们的模型可以在外汇数据集中预测高精度的4小时未来趋势，这在逼真的情况下至关重要，以协助外汇交易决策。我们进一步提供了对各种损失函数，评估指标，模型变体和组件对模型性能的影响的评估。

Platelet products are both expensive and have very short shelf lives. As usage rates for platelets are highly variable, the effective management of platelet demand and supply is very important yet challenging. The primary goal of this paper is to present an efficient forecasting model for platelet demand at Canadian Blood Services (CBS). To accomplish this goal, four different demand forecasting methods, ARIMA (Auto Regressive Moving Average), Prophet, lasso regression (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) and LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) networks are utilized and evaluated. We use a large clinical dataset for a centralized blood distribution centre for four hospitals in Hamilton, Ontario, spanning from 2010 to 2018 and consisting of daily platelet transfusions along with information such as the product specifications, the recipients' characteristics, and the recipients' laboratory test results. This study is the first to utilize different methods from statistical time series models to data-driven regression and a machine learning technique for platelet transfusion using clinical predictors and with different amounts of data. We find that the multivariate approaches have the highest accuracy in general, however, if sufficient data are available, a simpler time series approach such as ARIMA appears to be sufficient. We also comment on the approach to choose clinical indicators (inputs) for the multivariate models.

良好的研究努力致力于利用股票预测中的深度神经网络。虽然远程依赖性和混沌属性仍然是在预测未来价格趋势之前降低最先进的深度学习模型的表现。在这项研究中，我们提出了一个新的框架来解决这两个问题。具体地，在将时间序列转换为复杂网络方面，我们将市场价格系列转换为图形。然后，从映射的图表中提取参考时间点和节点权重之间的关联的结构信息以解决关于远程依赖性和混沌属性的问题。我们采取图形嵌入式以表示时间点之间的关联作为预测模型输入。节点重量被用作先验知识，以增强时间关注的学习。我们拟议的框架的有效性通过现实世界股票数据验证，我们的方法在几个最先进的基准中获得了最佳性能。此外，在进行的交易模拟中，我们的框架进一步获得了最高的累积利润。我们的结果补充了复杂网络方法在金融领域的现有应用，并为金融市场中决策支持的投资应用提供了富有识别的影响。

传染病仍然是全世界人类疾病和死亡的主要因素之一，其中许多疾病引起了流行的感染波。特定药物和预防疫苗防止大多数流行病的不可用，这使情况变得更糟。这些迫使公共卫生官员，卫生保健提供者和政策制定者依靠由流行病的可靠预测产生的预警系统。对流行病的准确预测可以帮助利益相关者调整对手的对策，例如疫苗接种运动，人员安排和资源分配，以减少手头的情况，这可以转化为减少疾病影响的影响。不幸的是，大多数过去的流行病（例如，登革热，疟疾，肝炎，流感和最新的Covid-19）表现出非线性和非平稳性特征，这是由于它们基于季节性依赖性变化以及这些流行病的性质的扩散波动而引起的。 。我们使用基于最大的重叠离散小波变换（MODWT）自动回归神经网络分析了各种流行时期时间序列数据集，并将其称为EWNET。 MODWT技术有效地表征了流行时间序列中的非平稳行为和季节性依赖性，并在拟议的集合小波网络框架中改善了自回旋神经网络的预测方案。从非线性时间序列的角度来看，我们探讨了所提出的EWNET模型的渐近平稳性，以显示相关的马尔可夫链的渐近行为。我们还理论上还研究了学习稳定性的效果以及在拟议的EWNET模型中选择隐藏的神经元的选择。从实际的角度来看，我们将我们提出的EWNET框架与以前用于流行病预测的几种统计，机器学习和深度学习模型进行了比较。

21世纪的现代旅游面临着许多挑战。这些挑战之一是太空有限地区的游客数量迅速增长，例如历史城市中心，博物馆或地理瓶颈，例如狭窄的山谷。在这种情况下，对特定领域内的旅游量和旅游流程的正确准确预测对于游客管理任务，例如游客流量控制和预防人满为患至关重要。静态流量控制方法，例如限制对热点或使用常规低级控制器的访问，无法解决问题。在本文中，我们通过使用旅游区提供的可用粒状数据，并将结果与​​Arima进行比较，并将结果与​​Arima进行比较经典统计方法。我们的结果表明，与Arima方法相比，深度学习模型可以产生更好的预测，同时具有更快的推理时间和能够结合其他输入功能。

A well-performing prediction model is vital for a recommendation system suggesting actions for energy-efficient consumer behavior. However, reliable and accurate predictions depend on informative features and a suitable model design to perform well and robustly across different households and appliances. Moreover, customers' unjustifiably high expectations of accurate predictions may discourage them from using the system in the long term. In this paper, we design a three-step forecasting framework to assess predictability, engineering features, and deep learning architectures to forecast 24 hourly load values. First, our predictability analysis provides a tool for expectation management to cushion customers' anticipations. Second, we design several new weather-, time- and appliance-related parameters for the modeling procedure and test their contribution to the model's prediction performance. Third, we examine six deep learning techniques and compare them to tree- and support vector regression benchmarks. We develop a robust and accurate model for the appliance-level load prediction based on four datasets from four different regions (US, UK, Austria, and Canada) with an equal set of appliances. The empirical results show that cyclical encoding of time features and weather indicators alongside a long-short term memory (LSTM) model offer the optimal performance.

With the evolution of power systems as it is becoming more intelligent and interactive system while increasing in flexibility with a larger penetration of renewable energy sources, demand prediction on a short-term resolution will inevitably become more and more crucial in designing and managing the future grid, especially when it comes to an individual household level. Projecting the demand for electricity for a single energy user, as opposed to the aggregated power consumption of residential load on a wide scale, is difficult because of a considerable number of volatile and uncertain factors. This paper proposes a customized GRU (Gated Recurrent Unit) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) architecture to address this challenging problem. LSTM and GRU are comparatively newer and among the most well-adopted deep learning approaches. The electricity consumption datasets were obtained from individual household smart meters. The comparison shows that the LSTM model performs better for home-level forecasting than alternative prediction techniques-GRU in this case. To compare the NN-based models with contrast to the conventional statistical technique-based model, ARIMA based model was also developed and benchmarked with LSTM and GRU model outcomes in this study to show the performance of the proposed model on the collected time series data.

衡量全球经济均衡的定量指标与农业供应链和国际贸易流量具有强大而相互依存的关系。这些过程中的突然震动由贸易战争，流行病或天气等异常事件造成的，可能对全球经济具有复杂影响。在本文中，我们提出了一种新颖的框架，即：Depeag，采用经济学，使用深度学习（DL）来测量异常事件检测的影响，以确定普通财务指数（如Dowjones）之间的关系，以及生产价值农产品（如奶酪和牛奶）。我们使用称为长期内存（LSTM）网络的DL技术成功地预测商品生产，高精度，也是五个流行的模型（回归和提升）作为基准，以测量异常事件的影响。结果表明，具有异常值的考虑因素（使用隔离林）优于基线模型的Depeag，以及具有异常值检测的相同模型。在预测财务指标预测商品生产时，异常事件会产生相当大的影响。此外，我们展示了Deepag对公共政策的影响，为政策制定者和农民提供了洞察力，以及农业生态系统的运作决策。收集数据，模型开发，并记录和呈现结果。