现实世界中人类流动性数据集的最新扩散促进了轨迹预测，需求预测，旅行时间估计和异常检测方面的地理空间和运输研究。但是，这些数据集还可以更广泛地对复杂的人类流动系统进行描述性分析。我们正式将生命分析模式定义为在线无监督异常检测的自然，可解释的扩展，我们不仅监视数据流的异常数据流，而且随着时间的推移会明确提取正常模式。为了学习生活的模式，我们在需要时适应了（GWR）的（GWR）从计算生物学和神经机构的研究到地理空间分析的新领域。与自组织图（SOM）有关的生物学启发的神经网络，在GPS流上迭代时会逐渐构建一组“记忆”或原型流量模式。然后，它将每个新观察结果与其先前的经验进行比较，从而诱导了在线，无监督的聚类和数据的异常检测。我们从Porto出租车数据集中挖掘出利益的模式，包括主要的公共假期和新发现的运输异常，例如节日和音乐会，据我们所知，这些疾病以前尚未在先前的工作中得到认可或报道。我们预计，在许多领域，包括智能城市，自动驾驶汽车以及城市规划和管理等许多领域，可以逐步学习正常和异常的道路运输行为的能力将是有用的。

需要了解和预测车辆的行为是运输领域中的公共和私人目标的基础，包括城市规划和管理，乘车共享服务以及智能运输系统。个人的喜好和预期目的地在整天，周和年中各不相同：例如，酒吧在晚上最受欢迎，海滩在夏天最受欢迎。尽管有这一原则，我们注意到葡萄牙波尔图的流行基准数据集的最新研究充其量只能通过纳入时间信息来提高预测性能的边际改善。我们提出了一种基于HyperNetworks的方法，该方法是一种元学习的变体（“学习学习”），其中神经网络学会根据输入来改变自己的权重。在我们的情况下，负责目标预测的权重有所不同，尤其是输入轨迹的时间。时间条件的权重显着改善了模型相对于消融研究和可比较的工作的误差，我们证实了我们的假设，即时间知识应改善对车辆预期目的地的预测。

Data-driven models such as neural networks are being applied more and more to safety-critical applications, such as the modeling and control of cyber-physical systems. Despite the flexibility of the approach, there are still concerns about the safety of these models in this context, as well as the need for large amounts of potentially expensive data. In particular, when long-term predictions are needed or frequent measurements are not available, the open-loop stability of the model becomes important. However, it is difficult to make such guarantees for complex black-box models such as neural networks, and prior work has shown that model stability is indeed an issue. In this work, we consider an aluminum extraction process where measurements of the internal state of the reactor are time-consuming and expensive. We model the process using neural networks and investigate the role of including skip connections in the network architecture as well as using l1 regularization to induce sparse connection weights. We demonstrate that these measures can greatly improve both the accuracy and the stability of the models for datasets of varying sizes.

A digital twin is defined as a virtual representation of a physical asset enabled through data and simulators for real-time prediction, optimization, monitoring, controlling, and improved decision-making. Unfortunately, the term remains vague and says little about its capability. Recently, the concept of capability level has been introduced to address this issue. Based on its capability, the concept states that a digital twin can be categorized on a scale from zero to five, referred to as standalone, descriptive, diagnostic, predictive, prescriptive, and autonomous, respectively. The current work introduces the concept in the context of the built environment. It demonstrates the concept by using a modern house as a use case. The house is equipped with an array of sensors that collect timeseries data regarding the internal state of the house. Together with physics-based and data-driven models, these data are used to develop digital twins at different capability levels demonstrated in virtual reality. The work, in addition to presenting a blueprint for developing digital twins, also provided future research directions to enhance the technology.

Owing to the success of transformer models, recent works study their applicability in 3D medical segmentation tasks. Within the transformer models, the self-attention mechanism is one of the main building blocks that strives to capture long-range dependencies, compared to the local convolutional-based design. However, the self-attention operation has quadratic complexity which proves to be a computational bottleneck, especially in volumetric medical imaging, where the inputs are 3D with numerous slices. In this paper, we propose a 3D medical image segmentation approach, named UNETR++, that offers both high-quality segmentation masks as well as efficiency in terms of parameters and compute cost. The core of our design is the introduction of a novel efficient paired attention (EPA) block that efficiently learns spatial and channel-wise discriminative features using a pair of inter-dependent branches based on spatial and channel attention. Our spatial attention formulation is efficient having linear complexity with respect to the input sequence length. To enable communication between spatial and channel-focused branches, we share the weights of query and key mapping functions that provide a complimentary benefit (paired attention), while also reducing the overall network parameters. Our extensive evaluations on three benchmarks, Synapse, BTCV and ACDC, reveal the effectiveness of the proposed contributions in terms of both efficiency and accuracy. On Synapse dataset, our UNETR++ sets a new state-of-the-art with a Dice Similarity Score of 87.2%, while being significantly efficient with a reduction of over 71% in terms of both parameters and FLOPs, compared to the best existing method in the literature. Code: https://github.com/Amshaker/unetr_plus_plus.

Nostradamus, inspired by the French astrologer and reputed seer, is a detailed study exploring relations between environmental factors and changes in the stock market. In this paper, we analyze associative correlation and causation between environmental elements and stock prices based on the US financial market, global climate trends, and daily weather records to demonstrate significant relationships between climate and stock price fluctuation. Our analysis covers short and long-term rises and dips in company stock performances. Lastly, we take four natural disasters as a case study to observe their effect on the emotional state of people and their influence on the stock market.

Large-scale multi-modal training with image-text pairs imparts strong generalization to CLIP model. Since training on a similar scale for videos is infeasible, recent approaches focus on the effective transfer of image-based CLIP to the video domain. In this pursuit, new parametric modules are added to learn temporal information and inter-frame relationships which require meticulous design efforts. Furthermore, when the resulting models are learned on videos, they tend to overfit on the given task distribution and lack in generalization aspect. This begs the following question: How to effectively transfer image-level CLIP representations to videos? In this work, we show that a simple Video Fine-tuned CLIP (ViFi-CLIP) baseline is generally sufficient to bridge the domain gap from images to videos. Our qualitative analysis illustrates that the frame-level processing from CLIP image-encoder followed by feature pooling and similarity matching with corresponding text embeddings helps in implicitly modeling the temporal cues within ViFi-CLIP. Such fine-tuning helps the model to focus on scene dynamics, moving objects and inter-object relationships. For low-data regimes where full fine-tuning is not viable, we propose a `bridge and prompt' approach that first uses fine-tuning to bridge the domain gap and then learns prompts on language and vision side to adapt CLIP representations. We extensively evaluate this simple yet strong baseline on zero-shot, base-to-novel generalization, few-shot and fully supervised settings across five video benchmarks. Our code is available at https://github.com/muzairkhattak/ViFi-CLIP.

Unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) popularity is on the rise as it enables the services like traffic monitoring, emergency communications, deliveries, and surveillance. However, the unauthorized usage of UAVs (a.k.a drone) may violate security and privacy protocols for security-sensitive national and international institutions. The presented challenges require fast, efficient, and precise detection of UAVs irrespective of harsh weather conditions, the presence of different objects, and their size to enable SafeSpace. Recently, there has been significant progress in using the latest deep learning models, but those models have shortcomings in terms of computational complexity, precision, and non-scalability. To overcome these limitations, we propose a precise and efficient multiscale and multifeature UAV detection network for SafeSpace, i.e., \textit{MultiFeatureNet} (\textit{MFNet}), an improved version of the popular object detection algorithm YOLOv5s. In \textit{MFNet}, we perform multiple changes in the backbone and neck of the YOLOv5s network to focus on the various small and ignored features required for accurate and fast UAV detection. To further improve the accuracy and focus on the specific situation and multiscale UAVs, we classify the \textit{MFNet} into small (S), medium (M), and large (L): these are the combinations of various size filters in the convolution and the bottleneckCSP layers, reside in the backbone and neck of the architecture. This classification helps to overcome the computational cost by training the model on a specific feature map rather than all the features. The dataset and code are available as an open source: github.com/ZeeshanKaleem/MultiFeatureNet.

Technological advancements have normalized the usage of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in every sector, spanning from military to commercial but they also pose serious security concerns due to their enhanced functionalities and easy access to private and highly secured areas. Several instances related to UAVs have raised security concerns, leading to UAV detection research studies. Visual techniques are widely adopted for UAV detection, but they perform poorly at night, in complex backgrounds, and in adverse weather conditions. Therefore, a robust night vision-based drone detection system is required to that could efficiently tackle this problem. Infrared cameras are increasingly used for nighttime surveillance due to their wide applications in night vision equipment. This paper uses a deep learning-based TinyFeatureNet (TF-Net), which is an improved version of YOLOv5s, to accurately detect UAVs during the night using infrared (IR) images. In the proposed TF-Net, we introduce architectural changes in the neck and backbone of the YOLOv5s. We also simulated four different YOLOv5 models (s,m,n,l) and proposed TF-Net for a fair comparison. The results showed better performance for the proposed TF-Net in terms of precision, IoU, GFLOPS, model size, and FPS compared to the YOLOv5s. TF-Net yielded the best results with 95.7\% precision, 84\% mAp, and 44.8\% $IoU$.

数据驱动的优化和基于机器学习的无线电访问网络的性能诊断不仅需要源于基本数据源的性质，而且还归因于复杂的时空关系以及由于用户移动性和不同流量模式而引起的单元格之间的相互依赖性。我们讨论如何使用多元分析来研究这些配置和性能管理数据集以及在关键性能指标方面识别细胞之间的关系。为此，我们利用了基于规范相关分析（CCA）的新框架，这不仅是降低维度的高效方法，而且还用于分析跨不同多元数据集的关系。作为一个案例研究，我们讨论了基于商业蜂窝网络中细胞关闭的节能用例，在该案例中，我们将CCA应用于分析容量细胞关闭对同一部门覆盖电池KPI的影响。来自LTE网络的数据用于分析示例案例。我们得出的结论是，CCA是一种可行的方法，用于识别网络计划和配置数据之间的关键关系，还可以动态绩效数据，为诸如降低维度降低，绩效分析和性能诊断的根本原因分析等努力铺平道路。