Unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) popularity is on the rise as it enables the services like traffic monitoring, emergency communications, deliveries, and surveillance. However, the unauthorized usage of UAVs (a.k.a drone) may violate security and privacy protocols for security-sensitive national and international institutions. The presented challenges require fast, efficient, and precise detection of UAVs irrespective of harsh weather conditions, the presence of different objects, and their size to enable SafeSpace. Recently, there has been significant progress in using the latest deep learning models, but those models have shortcomings in terms of computational complexity, precision, and non-scalability. To overcome these limitations, we propose a precise and efficient multiscale and multifeature UAV detection network for SafeSpace, i.e., \textit{MultiFeatureNet} (\textit{MFNet}), an improved version of the popular object detection algorithm YOLOv5s. In \textit{MFNet}, we perform multiple changes in the backbone and neck of the YOLOv5s network to focus on the various small and ignored features required for accurate and fast UAV detection. To further improve the accuracy and focus on the specific situation and multiscale UAVs, we classify the \textit{MFNet} into small (S), medium (M), and large (L): these are the combinations of various size filters in the convolution and the bottleneckCSP layers, reside in the backbone and neck of the architecture. This classification helps to overcome the computational cost by training the model on a specific feature map rather than all the features. The dataset and code are available as an open source: github.com/ZeeshanKaleem/MultiFeatureNet.
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Technological advancements have normalized the usage of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in every sector, spanning from military to commercial but they also pose serious security concerns due to their enhanced functionalities and easy access to private and highly secured areas. Several instances related to UAVs have raised security concerns, leading to UAV detection research studies. Visual techniques are widely adopted for UAV detection, but they perform poorly at night, in complex backgrounds, and in adverse weather conditions. Therefore, a robust night vision-based drone detection system is required to that could efficiently tackle this problem. Infrared cameras are increasingly used for nighttime surveillance due to their wide applications in night vision equipment. This paper uses a deep learning-based TinyFeatureNet (TF-Net), which is an improved version of YOLOv5s, to accurately detect UAVs during the night using infrared (IR) images. In the proposed TF-Net, we introduce architectural changes in the neck and backbone of the YOLOv5s. We also simulated four different YOLOv5 models (s,m,n,l) and proposed TF-Net for a fair comparison. The results showed better performance for the proposed TF-Net in terms of precision, IoU, GFLOPS, model size, and FPS compared to the YOLOv5s. TF-Net yielded the best results with 95.7\% precision, 84\% mAp, and 44.8\% $IoU$.
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自动检测飞行无人机是一个关键问题,其存在(特别是未经授权)可以造成风险的情况或损害安全性。在这里,我们设计和评估了多传感器无人机检测系统。结合常见的摄像机和麦克风传感器,我们探索了热红外摄像机的使用,指出是一种可行且有希望的解决方案,在相关文献中几乎没有解决。我们的解决方案还集成了鱼眼相机,以监视天空的更大部分,并将其他摄像机转向感兴趣的对象。传感溶液与ADS-B接收器,GPS接收器和雷达模块相辅相成,尽管由于其有限的检测范围,后者未包含在我们的最终部署中。即使此处使用的摄像机的分辨率较低,热摄像机也被证明是与摄像机一样好的可行解决方案。我们作品的另外两个新颖性是创建一个新的公共数据集的多传感器注释数据,该数据与现有的类别相比扩大了类的数量,以及对探测器性能的研究作为传感器到传感器的函数的研究目标距离。还探索了传感器融合,表明可以以这种方式使系统更强大,从而减轻对单个传感器的虚假检测
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现在,诸如无人机之类的无人机,从捕获和目标检测的各种目的中,从Ariel Imagery等捕获和目标检测的各种目的很大使用。轻松进入这些小的Ariel车辆到公众可能导致严重的安全威胁。例如,可以通过使用无人机在公共公共场合中混合的间谍来监视关键位置。在手中研究提出了一种改进和高效的深度学习自治系统,可以以极大的精度检测和跟踪非常小的无人机。建议的系统由自定义深度学习模型Tiny Yolov3组成,其中一个非常快速的物体检测模型的口味之一,您只能构建并用于检测一次(YOLO)。物体检测算法将有效地检测无人机。与以前的Yolo版本相比,拟议的架构表现出显着更好的性能。在资源使用和时间复杂性方面观察到改进。使用召回和精度分别为93%和91%的测量来测量性能。
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The 1$^{\text{st}}$ Workshop on Maritime Computer Vision (MaCVi) 2023 focused on maritime computer vision for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV), and organized several subchallenges in this domain: (i) UAV-based Maritime Object Detection, (ii) UAV-based Maritime Object Tracking, (iii) USV-based Maritime Obstacle Segmentation and (iv) USV-based Maritime Obstacle Detection. The subchallenges were based on the SeaDronesSee and MODS benchmarks. This report summarizes the main findings of the individual subchallenges and introduces a new benchmark, called SeaDronesSee Object Detection v2, which extends the previous benchmark by including more classes and footage. We provide statistical and qualitative analyses, and assess trends in the best-performing methodologies of over 130 submissions. The methods are summarized in the appendix. The datasets, evaluation code and the leaderboard are publicly available at https://seadronessee.cs.uni-tuebingen.de/macvi.
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我们可以看到这一切吗?我们知道这一切吗?这些是我们当代社会中人类提出的问题,以评估我们解决问题的趋势。最近的研究探索了对象检测中的几种模型。但是,大多数人未能满足对客观性和预测准确性的需求,尤其是在发展中和发达国家中。因此,几种全球安全威胁需要开发有效解决这些问题的方法。本文提出了一种被称为智能监视系统(3S)的网络物理系统的对象检测模型。这项研究提出了一种2阶段的方法,突出了Yolo V3深度学习体系结构在实时和视觉对象检测中的优势。该研究实施了一种转移学习方法,以减少培训时间和计算资源。用于培训模型的数据集是MS COCO数据集,其中包含328,000个注释的图像实例。实施了深度学习技术,例如预处理,数据管道调查和检测,以提高效率。与其他新型研究模型相比,该模型的结果在检测监视镜头中的野生物体方面表现出色。记录了99.71%的精度,改进的地图为61.5。
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基于无人机(UAV)基于无人机的视觉对象跟踪已实现了广泛的应用,并且由于其多功能性和有效性而引起了智能运输系统领域的越来越多的关注。作为深度学习革命性趋势的新兴力量,暹罗网络在基于无人机的对象跟踪中闪耀,其准确性,稳健性和速度有希望的平衡。由于开发了嵌入式处理器和深度神经网络的逐步优化,暹罗跟踪器获得了广泛的研究并实现了与无人机的初步组合。但是,由于无人机在板载计算资源和复杂的现实情况下,暹罗网络的空中跟踪仍然在许多方面都面临严重的障碍。为了进一步探索基于无人机的跟踪中暹罗网络的部署,这项工作对前沿暹罗跟踪器进行了全面的审查,以及使用典型的无人机板载处理器进行评估的详尽无人用分析。然后,进行板载测试以验证代表性暹罗跟踪器在现实世界无人机部署中的可行性和功效。此外,为了更好地促进跟踪社区的发展,这项工作分析了现有的暹罗跟踪器的局限性,并进行了以低弹片评估表示的其他实验。最后,深入讨论了基于无人机的智能运输系统的暹罗跟踪的前景。领先的暹罗跟踪器的统一框架,即代码库及其实验评估的结果,请访问https://github.com/vision4robotics/siamesetracking4uav。
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由于其前所未有的优势,在规模,移动,部署和隐蔽观察能力方面,空中平台和成像传感器的快速出现是实现新的空中监测形式。本文从计算机视觉和模式识别的角度来看,全面概述了以人为本的空中监控任务。它旨在为读者提供使用无人机,无人机和其他空中平台的空中监测任务当前状态的深入系统审查和技术分析。感兴趣的主要对象是人类,其中要检测单个或多个受试者,识别,跟踪,重新识别并进行其行为。更具体地,对于这四项任务中的每一个,我们首先讨论与基于地面的设置相比在空中环境中执行这些任务的独特挑战。然后,我们审查和分析公共可用于每项任务的航空数据集,并深入了解航空文学中的方法,并调查他们目前如何应对鸟瞰挑战。我们在讨论缺失差距和开放研究问题的讨论中得出结论,告知未来的研究途径。
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在本文中,我们为RSI(名为Superyolo)提出了一种准确而快速的小对象检测方法,该方法融合了多模式数据并通过利用辅助超级分辨率(SR)学习并考虑既有辅助的超级分辨率(SR)对象进行高分辨率(HR)对象检测检测准确性和计算成本。首先,我们通过删除焦点模块来保持人力资源特征并显着克服小物体缺失的误差来构建紧凑的基线。其次,我们利用像素级的多模式融合(MF)从各种数据中提取信息,以促进RSI中的小物体更合适和有效的功能。此外,我们设计了一个简单且灵活的SR分支来学习HR特征表示,可以区分具有低分辨率(LR)输入的庞大背景的小物体,从而进一步提高了检测准确性。此外,为避免引入其他计算,SR分支在推理阶段被丢弃,并且由于LR输入而减少了网络模型的计算。实验结果表明,在广泛使用的Vedai RS数据集上,Superyolo的精度为73.61%(在MAP50方面),比SOTA大型模型(例如Yolov5L,Yolov5X和RS设计的Yolors)高10%以上。同时,Superyolo的Gfolps和参数大小比Yolov5X少约18.1倍,4.2倍。我们提出的模型显示出与最新模型相比,具有良好的准确性速度权衡。该代码将在https://github.com/icey-zhang/superyolo上开放。
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X-ray imaging technology has been used for decades in clinical tasks to reveal the internal condition of different organs, and in recent years, it has become more common in other areas such as industry, security, and geography. The recent development of computer vision and machine learning techniques has also made it easier to automatically process X-ray images and several machine learning-based object (anomaly) detection, classification, and segmentation methods have been recently employed in X-ray image analysis. Due to the high potential of deep learning in related image processing applications, it has been used in most of the studies. This survey reviews the recent research on using computer vision and machine learning for X-ray analysis in industrial production and security applications and covers the applications, techniques, evaluation metrics, datasets, and performance comparison of those techniques on publicly available datasets. We also highlight some drawbacks in the published research and give recommendations for future research in computer vision-based X-ray analysis.
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随着全球的太阳能能力继续增长,越来越意识到先进的检验系统正度重视安排智能干预措施并最大限度地减少停机时间。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种新的自动多级模型,以通过使用YOLOV3网络和计算机视觉技术来检测由无人机捕获的空中图像上的面板缺陷。该模型结合了面板和缺陷的检测来改进其精度。主要的Noveltize由其多功能性来处理热量或可见图像,并检测各种缺陷及其对屋顶和地面安装的光伏系统和不同面板类型的缺陷。拟议的模型已在意大利南部的两个大型光伏工厂验证,优秀的AP至0.5超过98%,对于面板检测,卓越的AP@0.4(AP@0.5)大约为88.3%(66.95%)的热点红外热成像和MAP@0.5在可见光谱中近70%,用于检测通过污染和鸟粪诱导,分层,水坑的存在和覆盖屋顶板诱导的面板遮蔽的异常谱。还预测了对污染覆盖的估计。最后讨论了对不同yolov3的输出尺度对检测的影响的分析。
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工业X射线分析在需要保证某些零件的结构完整性的航空航天,汽车或核行业中很常见。但是,射线照相图像的解释有时很困难,可能导致两名专家在缺陷分类上不同意。本文介绍的自动缺陷识别(ADR)系统将减少分析时间,还将有助于减少对缺陷的主观解释,同时提高人类检查员的可靠性。我们的卷积神经网络(CNN)模型达到94.2 \%准确性(MAP@iou = 50 \%),当应用于汽车铝铸件数据集(GDXRAR)时,它被认为与预期的人类性能相似,超过了当前状态该数据集的艺术。在工业环境上,其推理时间少于每个DICOM图像,因此可以安装在生产设施上,不会影响交付时间。此外,还进行了对主要高参数的消融研究,以优化从75 \%映射的初始基线结果最高94.2 \%map的模型准确性。
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Due to object detection's close relationship with video analysis and image understanding, it has attracted much research attention in recent years. Traditional object detection methods are built on handcrafted features and shallow trainable architectures. Their performance easily stagnates by constructing complex ensembles which combine multiple low-level image features with high-level context from object detectors and scene classifiers. With the rapid development in deep learning, more powerful tools, which are able to learn semantic, high-level, deeper features, are introduced to address the problems existing in traditional architectures. These models behave differently in network architecture, training strategy and optimization function, etc. In this paper, we provide a review on deep learning based object detection frameworks. Our review begins with a brief introduction on the history of deep learning and its representative tool, namely Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Then we focus on typical generic object detection architectures along with some modifications and useful tricks to improve detection performance further. As distinct specific detection tasks exhibit different characteristics, we also briefly survey several specific tasks, including salient object detection, face detection and pedestrian detection. Experimental analyses are also provided to compare various methods and draw some meaningful conclusions. Finally, several promising directions and tasks are provided to serve as guidelines for future work in both object detection and relevant neural network based learning systems.
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深神网络的对象探测器正在不断发展,并用于多种应用程序,每个应用程序都有自己的要求集。尽管关键安全应用需要高准确性和可靠性,但低延迟任务需要资源和节能网络。不断提出了实时探测器,在高影响现实世界中是必需的,但是它们过分强调了准确性和速度的提高,而其他功能(例如多功能性,鲁棒性,资源和能源效率)则被省略。现有网络的参考基准不存在,设计新网络的标准评估指南也不存在,从而导致比较模棱两可和不一致的比较。因此,我们对广泛的数据集进行了多个实时探测器(基于锚点,关键器和变压器)的全面研究,并报告了一系列广泛指标的结果。我们还研究了变量,例如图像大小,锚固尺寸,置信阈值和架构层对整体性能的影响。我们分析了检测网络的鲁棒性,以防止分配变化,自然腐败和对抗性攻击。此外,我们提供了校准分析来评估预测的可靠性。最后,为了强调现实世界的影响,我们对自动驾驶和医疗保健应用进行了两个独特的案例研究。为了进一步衡量关键实时应用程序中网络的能力,我们报告了在Edge设备上部署检测网络后的性能。我们广泛的实证研究可以作为工业界对现有网络做出明智选择的指南。我们还希望激发研究社区的设计和评估网络的新方向,该网络着重于更大而整体的概述,以实现深远的影响。
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Single-frame InfraRed Small Target (SIRST) detection has been a challenging task due to a lack of inherent characteristics, imprecise bounding box regression, a scarcity of real-world datasets, and sensitive localization evaluation. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive solution to these challenges. First, we find that the existing anchor-free label assignment method is prone to mislabeling small targets as background, leading to their omission by detectors. To overcome this issue, we propose an all-scale pseudo-box-based label assignment scheme that relaxes the constraints on scale and decouples the spatial assignment from the size of the ground-truth target. Second, motivated by the structured prior of feature pyramids, we introduce the one-stage cascade refinement network (OSCAR), which uses the high-level head as soft proposals for the low-level refinement head. This allows OSCAR to process the same target in a cascade coarse-to-fine manner. Finally, we present a new research benchmark for infrared small target detection, consisting of the SIRST-V2 dataset of real-world, high-resolution single-frame targets, the normalized contrast evaluation metric, and the DeepInfrared toolkit for detection. We conduct extensive ablation studies to evaluate the components of OSCAR and compare its performance to state-of-the-art model-driven and data-driven methods on the SIRST-V2 benchmark. Our results demonstrate that a top-down cascade refinement framework can improve the accuracy of infrared small target detection without sacrificing efficiency. The DeepInfrared toolkit, dataset, and trained models are available at https://github.com/YimianDai/open-deepinfrared to advance further research in this field.
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从汽车和交通检测到自动驾驶汽车系统,可以将街道对象的对象检测应用于各种用例。因此,找到最佳的对象检测算法对于有效应用它至关重要。已经发布了许多对象检测算法,许多对象检测算法比较了对象检测算法,但是很少有人比较了最新的算法,例如Yolov5,主要是侧重于街道级对象。本文比较了各种单阶段探测器算法; SSD MobilenetV2 FPN-Lite 320x320,Yolov3,Yolov4,Yolov5L和Yolov5S在实时图像中用于街道级对象检测。该实验利用了带有3,169张图像的修改后的自动驾驶汽车数据集。数据集分为火车,验证和测试;然后,使用重新处理,色相转移和噪音对其进行预处理和增强。然后对每种算法进行训练和评估。基于实验,算法根据推论时间及其精度,召回,F1得分和平均平均精度(MAP)产生了不错的结果。结果还表明,Yolov5L的映射@.5 of 0.593,MobileNetV2 FPN-Lite的推理时间最快,而其他推理时间仅为3.20ms。还发现Yolov5s是最有效的,其具有Yolov5L精度和速度几乎与MobilenetV2 FPN-Lite一样快。这表明各种算法适用于街道级对象检测,并且足够可行,可以用于自动驾驶汽车。
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关键基础设施(CI)的安全和安全问题正在增长,因为攻击者越来越多地采用无人机作为敏感领空中的攻击矢量,例如机场,军事基地,城市中心和拥挤的地方。由于违法行为和限制空域的入侵,无人机的迅速扩散,用于商品,运输娱乐活动和其他商业应用程序引起了CI操作员的严重关注。在这种情况下,需要一个具有成本效益的框架来检测,分类和确定无人机的存在。在本文中,我们证明了CI操作员可以使用名为Uranus的廉价基于RF的检测框架来检测,分类和识别及时有效的无人机区域的无人机区域。我们的实验表明,通过使用随机森林分类器,我们在一个或多个特定的无人机的分类中达到了93.4%的分类精度。跟踪性能的平均值= 0.3650,MSE = 0.9254和R2 = 0.7502,其准确度达到了精度。我们的框架已被发布为开源,以使社区能够验证我们的发现,并将天王星作为现成的基础进行进一步分析。
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自动化驾驶系统(广告)开辟了汽车行业的新领域,为未来的运输提供了更高的效率和舒适体验的新可能性。然而,在恶劣天气条件下的自主驾驶已经存在,使自动车辆(AVS)长时间保持自主车辆(AVS)或更高的自主权。本文评估了天气在分析和统计方式中为广告传感器带来的影响和挑战,并对恶劣天气条件进行了解决方案。彻底报道了关于对每种天气的感知增强的最先进技术。外部辅助解决方案如V2X技术,当前可用的数据集,模拟器和天气腔室的实验设施中的天气条件覆盖范围明显。通过指出各种主要天气问题,自主驾驶场目前正在面临,近年来审查硬件和计算机科学解决方案,这项调查概述了在不利的天气驾驶条件方面的障碍和方向的障碍和方向。
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2019年冠状病毒为全球社会稳定和公共卫生带来了严重的挑战。遏制流行病的一种有效方法是要求人们在公共场所戴口罩,并通过使用合适的自动探测器来监视戴口罩状态。但是,现有的基于深度学习的模型努力同时达到高精度和实时性能的要求。为了解决这个问题,我们提出了基于Yolov5的改进的轻质面膜探测器,该检测器可以实现精确和速度的良好平衡。首先,提出了将ShuffleNetV2网络与协调注意机制相结合的新型骨干轮弹工具作为骨干。之后,将有效的路径攻击网络BIFPN作为特征融合颈应用。此外,在模型训练阶段,定位损失被α-CIOU取代,以获得更高质量的锚。还利用了一些有价值的策略,例如数据增强,自适应图像缩放和锚点群集操作。 Aizoo面膜数据集的实验结果显示了所提出模型的优越性。与原始的Yolov5相比,提出的模型将推理速度提高28.3%,同时仍将精度提高0.58%。与其他七个现有型号相比,它的最佳平均平均精度为95.2%,比基线高4.4%。
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每年,AEDESAEGYPTI蚊子都感染了数百万人,如登录,ZIKA,Chikungunya和城市黄热病等疾病。战斗这些疾病的主要形式是通过寻找和消除潜在的蚊虫养殖场来避免蚊子繁殖。在这项工作中,我们介绍了一个全面的空中视频数据集,获得了无人驾驶飞行器,含有可能的蚊帐。使用识别所有感兴趣对象的边界框手动注释视频数据集的所有帧。该数据集被用于开发基于深度卷积网络的这些对象的自动检测系统。我们提出了通过在可以注册检测到的对象的时空检测管道的对象检测流水线中的融合来利用视频中包含的时间信息,这些时间是可以注册检测到的对象的,最大限度地减少最伪正和假阴性的出现。此外,我们通过实验表明使用视频比仅使用框架对马赛克组成马赛克更有利。使用Reset-50-FPN作为骨干,我们可以分别实现0.65和0.77的F $ _1 $ -70分别对“轮胎”和“水箱”的对象级别检测,说明了正确定位潜在蚊子的系统能力育种对象。
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