在本文中,我们描述了一种基于图的算法,该算法使用自我监管的变压器获得的功能来检测图像和视频中的显着对象。使用这种方法,将构成图像或视频的图像贴片组织成一个完全连接的图,其中每对贴片之间的边缘使用变压器学到的功能在补丁之间标记为相似性得分。然后将显着物体的检测和分割作为图形问题配制,并使用经典的归一化切割算法解决。尽管这种方法很简单,但它仍可以在几个常见的图像和视频检测和分割任务上实现最新结果。对于无监督的对象发现,当使用VOC07,VOC12和COCO20K数据集进行测试时,这种方法的优于竞争方法的差距分别为6.1%,5.7%和2.6%。对于图像中无监督的显着性检测任务,此方法将联合(IOU)的交叉分数提高了4.4%,5.6%和5.2%。与当前最新技术相比,与ECSD,DUTS和DUT-OMRON数据集进行测试时。该方法还通过戴维斯,SEGTV2和FBMS数据集为无监督的视频对象分割任务实现了竞争结果。
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图像注册可用于量化前列腺癌患者纵向MR图像的形态变化。本文描述了改善基于学习的注册算法的发展,对于这种挑战性的临床应用程序通常具有高度可变但有限的培训数据。首先,我们报告说,潜在空间可以聚集到一个比在经过训练的注册网络深层瓶颈特征的瓶颈特征中通常发现的尺寸空间要低得多。基于此观察结果,我们提出了一种层次量化方法,使用具有约束大小的共同训练的词典来离散学习的特征向量,以改善注册网络的概括。此外,在潜在的量化空间中,独立优化了一种新颖的协作词典,以合并其他先验信息,例如对腺体或其他感兴趣的区域的分割。根据来自86名前列腺癌患者的216张真实临床图像,我们显示了这两个组件的功效。从腺体上的骰子和相应地标的目标登记误差方面,获得了统计学意义的提高注册精度,后者的实现了5.46毫米,而没有量化的基线提高了28.7 \%。实验结果还表明,在训练数据和测试数据之间,性能的差异确实被最小化了。
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本文解决了人类运动预测的问题,包括预测未来的身体从历史上观察到的序列构成的构成。尽管其性能,但当前的最新方法依赖于任意复杂性的深度学习体系结构,例如经常性神经网络〜(RNN),变压器或图形卷积网络〜(GCN),通常需要多个培训阶段,等等。超过300万参数。在本文中,我们表明,这些方法的性能可以通过轻巧且纯粹的MLP体系结构超越,并且与几种标准实践(例如用离散的余弦变换代表身体姿势(DCT))相结合时,只有0.14亿个参数,预测关节的残留位移和优化速度作为辅助损失。对人类360万的详尽评估,Amass和3DPW数据集表明,我们的方法(我们将其配置为Simlpe)始终优于所有其他方法。我们希望我们的简单方法可以为社区提供强大的基准,并允许重新考虑人类运动预测的问题,以及当前的基准是否确实需要复杂的建筑设计。我们的代码可在\ url {https://github.com/dulucas/simlpe}上获得。
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基于世代的方法已在零拍学习研究中吸引了大部分最近的关注。在本文中,我们试图解构生成器分类器框架以指导其改进和扩展。我们首先通过将发电机学习的实例级分布与高斯分布交替进行分析。然后,我们通过分解分类器梯度来揭示生成器在分类器训练中学习的类级分布和实例级分布的作用。我们最终以从生成器和分类器的解构(即(i)ZSL Generator的键是属性通用化的关键)来改进生成器分类器框架的指南; (ii)分类器学习强调伪伪样本对训练过程中可见类之间的决策界限的影响,并减少可见的未见偏见。我们根据准则提出了一种简单的方法。没有复杂的设计,该提出的方法在四个公共ZSL数据集上优于最新技术,这证明了拟议准则的有效性。在用属性到视觉中心单映射模型代替生成模型时,提出的方法仍然有效,证明其强大的可传递性。接受后,代码将在接受后公开。
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知识图嵌入(KGE)的有效性在很大程度上取决于建模固有关系模式和映射属性的能力。但是,现有方法只能以不足的建模能力捕获其中的一些。在这项工作中,我们提出了一个名为House的更强大的KGE框架,该框架涉及基于两种家庭转换的新型参数化:(1)住户旋转以实现建模关系模式的较高能力;(2)处理复杂关系映射属性的住户预测。从理论上讲,房屋能够同时建模关键的关系模式和映射属性。此外,房屋是对现有基于旋转的模型的概括,同时将旋转扩展到高维空间。从经验上讲,House在五个基准数据集上实现了新的最新性能。我们的代码可在https://github.com/anrep/house上找到。
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最近深入生成模型的进步概述了零拍学习(ZSL)领域的有希望的角度。大多数生成ZSL方法使用类别语义属性加上高斯噪声来生成可视化功能。在生成看不见的样本后,这家族方法有效地将ZSL问题转变为监督分类方案。但是,现有模型使用单个语义属性,其中包含类别的完整属性信息。生成的数据还携带完整的属性信息,但实际上,视觉样本通常具有有限的属性。因此,来自属性的生成数据可能具有不完整的语义。基于这一事实,我们提出了一种新颖的框架来通过综合各种功能来提升ZSL。此方法使用增强语义属性来培训生成模型,以便模拟视觉功能的真实分布。我们在四个基准数据集中评估提出的模型,观察到最先进的显着性能改善。
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远程光学电瓶描绘(RPPG),其目的在没有任何接触的情况下从面部视频测量心脏活动和生理信号,在许多应用中具有很大的潜力(例如,远程医疗保健和情感计算)。最近的深度学习方法专注于利用具有有限时空接收领域的卷积神经网络进行微妙的RPPG线索,这忽略了RPPG建模的远程时空感知和相互作用。在本文中,我们提出了Physformer,基于端到端的视频变换器的架构,以自适应地聚合用于RPPG表示增强的本地和全局时空特征。作为Physformer中的关键模块,时间差异变压器首先提高了具有时间差异引导的全局关注的准周期性RPPG特征,然后优化了局部时空表示免于干扰。此外,我们还提出了标签分配学习和课程学习激发了频域中的动态约束,这为Phyformer和缓解过度装备提供了精心制造的监控。在四个基准数据集上执行综合实验,以显示我们在内部和交叉数据集测试中的卓越性能。一个突出显示的是,与大多数变压器网络不同于大规模数据集预先预订,所提出的Physformer可以从RPPG数据集上从头开始培训,这使得它作为RPPG社区的新型变压器基线。该代码将在https://github.com/zitongyu/physformer释放。
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Dataset distillation has emerged as a prominent technique to improve data efficiency when training machine learning models. It encapsulates the knowledge from a large dataset into a smaller synthetic dataset. A model trained on this smaller distilled dataset can attain comparable performance to a model trained on the original training dataset. However, the existing dataset distillation techniques mainly aim at achieving the best trade-off between resource usage efficiency and model utility. The security risks stemming from them have not been explored. This study performs the first backdoor attack against the models trained on the data distilled by dataset distillation models in the image domain. Concretely, we inject triggers into the synthetic data during the distillation procedure rather than during the model training stage, where all previous attacks are performed. We propose two types of backdoor attacks, namely NAIVEATTACK and DOORPING. NAIVEATTACK simply adds triggers to the raw data at the initial distillation phase, while DOORPING iteratively updates the triggers during the entire distillation procedure. We conduct extensive evaluations on multiple datasets, architectures, and dataset distillation techniques. Empirical evaluation shows that NAIVEATTACK achieves decent attack success rate (ASR) scores in some cases, while DOORPING reaches higher ASR scores (close to 1.0) in all cases. Furthermore, we conduct a comprehensive ablation study to analyze the factors that may affect the attack performance. Finally, we evaluate multiple defense mechanisms against our backdoor attacks and show that our attacks can practically circumvent these defense mechanisms.
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Few Shot Instance Segmentation (FSIS) requires models to detect and segment novel classes with limited several support examples. In this work, we explore a simple yet unified solution for FSIS as well as its incremental variants, and introduce a new framework named Reference Twice (RefT) to fully explore the relationship between support/query features based on a Transformer-like framework. Our key insights are two folds: Firstly, with the aid of support masks, we can generate dynamic class centers more appropriately to re-weight query features. Secondly, we find that support object queries have already encoded key factors after base training. In this way, the query features can be enhanced twice from two aspects, i.e., feature-level and instance-level. In particular, we firstly design a mask-based dynamic weighting module to enhance support features and then propose to link object queries for better calibration via cross-attention. After the above steps, the novel classes can be improved significantly over our strong baseline. Additionally, our new framework can be easily extended to incremental FSIS with minor modification. When benchmarking results on the COCO dataset for FSIS, gFSIS, and iFSIS settings, our method achieves a competitive performance compared to existing approaches across different shots, e.g., we boost nAP by noticeable +8.2/+9.4 over the current state-of-the-art FSIS method for 10/30-shot. We further demonstrate the superiority of our approach on Few Shot Object Detection. Code and model will be available.
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Nowadays, time-stamped web documents related to a general news query floods spread throughout the Internet, and timeline summarization targets concisely summarizing the evolution trajectory of events along the timeline. Unlike traditional document summarization, timeline summarization needs to model the time series information of the input events and summarize important events in chronological order. To tackle this challenge, in this paper, we propose a Unified Timeline Summarizer (UTS) that can generate abstractive and extractive timeline summaries in time order. Concretely, in the encoder part, we propose a graph-based event encoder that relates multiple events according to their content dependency and learns a global representation of each event. In the decoder part, to ensure the chronological order of the abstractive summary, we propose to extract the feature of event-level attention in its generation process with sequential information remained and use it to simulate the evolutionary attention of the ground truth summary. The event-level attention can also be used to assist in extracting summary, where the extracted summary also comes in time sequence. We augment the previous Chinese large-scale timeline summarization dataset and collect a new English timeline dataset. Extensive experiments conducted on these datasets and on the out-of-domain Timeline 17 dataset show that UTS achieves state-of-the-art performance in terms of both automatic and human evaluations.
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