联合学习（FL）是一个新兴的隐私机器学习范式（ML）。 FL的一种重要类型是Cross-Silo FL，它使少数组织能够通过在本地保密数据并在中央参数服务器上汇总权重来合作训练共享模型。但是，在实践中，中央服务器可能容易受到恶意攻击或软件故障的影响。为了解决这个问题，在本文中，我们提出了DEFL，这是一个新颖的分散体重聚集框架，用于交叉silo fl。 DEFL通过在每个参与节点上汇总权重来消除中央服务器，并且仅在所有节点之间维护并同步当前的训练回合的权重。我们使用Multi-Krum来启用诚实节点的正确权重，并使用HotStuff来确保训练循环数和权重的一致性。此外，我们从理论上分析了DEFL的拜占庭式容错，收敛性和复杂性。我们对两个广泛的公共数据集进行了广泛的实验，即CIFAR-10和Sentiment140，以评估DEFL的性能。结果表明，与最先进的分散FL方法相比，DEFL可以防御通用的威胁模型，并以最小的精度损失损失降低了100倍的存储空间和最多减少网络开销的12倍。

步态计划是一种通常应用于地面机器人的过程，例如四足机器人； Tilt-Rotor是一种新型的四型四个输入，不是其中之一。在控制倾斜 - 依赖反馈线性化的倾斜旋转时，预计倾斜角度（输入）将过度改变，这在应用程序中可能不会预期。为了帮助抑制倾斜角度的密集变化，在反馈线性化之前，将步态计划程序引入倾斜度。用户提前时间指定倾斜角度，而不是由控制规则给出。但是，基于这种情况，反馈线性化中的去耦矩阵对于某些态度，滚动角度和螺距角的组合可能是单数的。它阻碍了反馈线性化的进一步应用。因此，建立了两个彩色图定理，以最大程度地提高可接受的态度区域，在该区域中，滚动和音高的组合将产生可逆的去耦矩阵。然而，该定理过度限制了倾斜角度的选择，这可以排除一些可行的健壮步态。本文给出了广义的两个彩色图定理。所有健壮的步态都可以根据这种广义定理找到。分析了满足该广义的两个彩色图定理（违反两个彩色图定理）的三个步态的鲁棒性。结果表明，概括的两个颜色图定理完成了对倾斜旋转的稳健步态的搜索。

最近被证明通过深度加强学习（RL）或模仿学习（IL）来学习沟通是解决多智能传道路径查找（MAPF）的有效方法。然而，现有的基于通信的MAPF求解器专注于广播通信，代理将其消息广播给所有其他或预定义代理。它不仅是不切实际的，而且导致冗余信息甚至可能损害多功能协作。简洁的通信计划应该了解哪些信息与每个代理的决策过程有关和影响。为了解决这个问题，我们考虑一个请求 - 回复方案并提出决策因果通信（DCC），这是一个简单但有效的模型，使代理能够在培训和执行期间选择邻居进行通信。具体地，邻居才被确定为当存在该邻居的存在导致在中央代理上的决策调整时相关的邻居。此判决仅基于代理人的本地观察，因此适用于分散执行来处理大规模问题。富有障碍环境中的实证评估表明了我们方法的低通信开销的高成功率。

背景和目的：胃癌已经成为全球第五次常见的癌症，早期检测胃癌对于拯救生命至关重要。胃癌的组织病理学检查是诊断胃癌的金标准。然而，计算机辅助诊断技术是挑战，以评估由于公开胃组织病理学图像数据集的稀缺而评估。方法：在本文中，公布了一种贵族公共胃组织病理学子尺寸图像数据库（GashissdB）以识别分类器的性能。具体地，包括两种类型的数据：正常和异常，总共245,196个组织案例图像。为了证明图像分类领域的不同时期的方法在GashissdB上具有差异，我们选择各种分类器进行评估。选择七种古典机器学习分类器，三个卷积神经网络分类器和新颖的基于变压器的分类器进行测试，用于测试图像分类任务。结果：本研究采用传统机器学习和深入学习方法进行了广泛的实验，以证明不同时期的方法对GashissdB具有差异。传统的机器学习实现了86.08％的最佳精度率，最低仅为41.12％。深度学习的最佳准确性达到96.47％，最低为86.21％。分类器的精度率显着变化。结论：据我们所知，它是第一个公开的胃癌组织病理学数据集，包含大量的弱监督学习的图像。我们认为Gashissdb可以吸引研究人员来探索胃癌自动诊断的新算法，这可以帮助医生和临床环境中的患者。

In this paper, we aim to design an efficient real-time object detector that exceeds the YOLO series and is easily extensible for many object recognition tasks such as instance segmentation and rotated object detection. To obtain a more efficient model architecture, we explore an architecture that has compatible capacities in the backbone and neck, constructed by a basic building block that consists of large-kernel depth-wise convolutions. We further introduce soft labels when calculating matching costs in the dynamic label assignment to improve accuracy. Together with better training techniques, the resulting object detector, named RTMDet, achieves 52.8% AP on COCO with 300+ FPS on an NVIDIA 3090 GPU, outperforming the current mainstream industrial detectors. RTMDet achieves the best parameter-accuracy trade-off with tiny/small/medium/large/extra-large model sizes for various application scenarios, and obtains new state-of-the-art performance on real-time instance segmentation and rotated object detection. We hope the experimental results can provide new insights into designing versatile real-time object detectors for many object recognition tasks. Code and models are released at https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmdetection/tree/3.x/configs/rtmdet.

Recently, the success of pre-training in text domain has been fully extended to vision, audio, and cross-modal scenarios. The proposed pre-training models of different modalities are showing a rising trend of homogeneity in their model structures, which brings the opportunity to implement different pre-training models within a uniform framework. In this paper, we present TencentPretrain, a toolkit supporting pre-training models of different modalities. The core feature of TencentPretrain is the modular design. The toolkit uniformly divides pre-training models into 5 components: embedding, encoder, target embedding, decoder, and target. As almost all of common modules are provided in each component, users can choose the desired modules from different components to build a complete pre-training model. The modular design enables users to efficiently reproduce existing pre-training models or build brand-new one. We test the toolkit on text, vision, and audio benchmarks and show that it can match the performance of the original implementations.

Noninvasive X-ray imaging of nanoscale three-dimensional objects, e.g. integrated circuits (ICs), generally requires two types of scanning: ptychographic, which is translational and returns estimates of complex electromagnetic field through ICs; and tomographic scanning, which collects complex field projections from multiple angles. Here, we present Attentional Ptycho-Tomography (APT), an approach trained to provide accurate reconstructions of ICs despite incomplete measurements, using a dramatically reduced amount of angular scanning. Training process includes regularizing priors based on typical IC patterns and the physics of X-ray propagation. We demonstrate that APT with 12-time reduced angles achieves fidelity comparable to the gold standard with the original set of angles. With the same set of reduced angles, APT also outperforms baseline reconstruction methods. In our experiments, APT achieves 108-time aggregate reduction in data acquisition and computation without compromising quality. We expect our physics-assisted machine learning framework could also be applied to other branches of nanoscale imaging.

The Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (ARC) aims at benchmarking the performance of general artificial intelligence algorithms. The ARC's focus on broad generalization and few-shot learning has made it difficult to solve using pure machine learning. A more promising approach has been to perform program synthesis within an appropriately designed Domain Specific Language (DSL). However, these too have seen limited success. We propose Abstract Reasoning with Graph Abstractions (ARGA), a new object-centric framework that first represents images using graphs and then performs a search for a correct program in a DSL that is based on the abstracted graph space. The complexity of this combinatorial search is tamed through the use of constraint acquisition, state hashing, and Tabu search. An extensive set of experiments demonstrates the promise of ARGA in tackling some of the complicated object-centric tasks of the ARC rather efficiently, producing programs that are correct and easy to understand.

相干显微镜技术提供了跨科学和技术领域的材料的无与伦比的多尺度视图，从结构材料到量子设备，从综合电路到生物细胞。在构造更明亮的来源和高速探测器的驱动下，连贯的X射线显微镜方法（如Ptychography）有望彻底改变纳米级材料的特征。但是，相关的数据和计算需求显着增加意味着，常规方法不再足以从高速相干成像实验实时恢复样品图像。在这里，我们演示了一个工作流程，该工作流利用边缘的人工智能和高性能计算，以实现直接从检测器直接从检测器流出的X射线ptychography数据实时反演。拟议的AI支持的工作流程消除了传统的Ptychography施加的采样约束，从而使用比传统方法所需的数据较少的数据级允许低剂量成像。

科学文献是高质量的语料库，支持大量自然语言处理（NLP）研究。但是，现有数据集围绕英语，这限制了中国科学NLP的发展。在这项工作中，我们提出了CSL，这是一个大规模的中国科学文献数据集，其中包含396K论文的标题，摘要，关键字和学术领域。据我们所知，CSL是中文中的第一个科学文档数据集。 CSL可以用作中国语料库。同样，该半结构化数据是一种自然注释，可以构成许多监督的NLP任务。基于CSL，我们提出了一个基准，以评估跨科学领域任务的模型的性能，即摘要，关键字生成和文本分类。我们分析了现有文本到文本模型在评估任务上的行为，并揭示了中国科学NLP任务的挑战，该任务为未来的研究提供了宝贵的参考。数据和代码可在https://github.com/ydli-ai/csl上找到