The self-configuring nnU-Net has achieved leading performance in a large range of medical image segmentation challenges. It is widely considered as the model of choice and a strong baseline for medical image segmentation. However, despite its extraordinary performance, nnU-Net does not supply a measure of uncertainty to indicate its possible failure. This can be problematic for large-scale image segmentation applications, where data are heterogeneous and nnU-Net may fail without notice. In this work, we introduce a novel method to estimate nnU-Net uncertainty for medical image segmentation. We propose a highly effective scheme for posterior sampling of weight space for Bayesian uncertainty estimation. Different from previous baseline methods such as Monte Carlo Dropout and mean-field Bayesian Neural Networks, our proposed method does not require a variational architecture and keeps the original nnU-Net architecture intact, thereby preserving its excellent performance and ease of use. Additionally, we boost the segmentation performance over the original nnU-Net via marginalizing multi-modal posterior models. We applied our method on the public ACDC and M&M datasets of cardiac MRI and demonstrated improved uncertainty estimation over a range of baseline methods. The proposed method further strengthens nnU-Net for medical image segmentation in terms of both segmentation accuracy and quality control.

In this paper, we introduce a novel approach for ground plane normal estimation of wheeled vehicles. In practice, the ground plane is dynamically changed due to braking and unstable road surface. As a result, the vehicle pose, especially the pitch angle, is oscillating from subtle to obvious. Thus, estimating ground plane normal is meaningful since it can be encoded to improve the robustness of various autonomous driving tasks (e.g., 3D object detection, road surface reconstruction, and trajectory planning). Our proposed method only uses odometry as input and estimates accurate ground plane normal vectors in real time. Particularly, it fully utilizes the underlying connection between the ego pose odometry (ego-motion) and its nearby ground plane. Built on that, an Invariant Extended Kalman Filter (IEKF) is designed to estimate the normal vector in the sensor's coordinate. Thus, our proposed method is simple yet efficient and supports both camera- and inertial-based odometry algorithms. Its usability and the marked improvement of robustness are validated through multiple experiments on public datasets. For instance, we achieve state-of-the-art accuracy on KITTI dataset with the estimated vector error of 0.39{\deg}. Our code is available at github.com/manymuch/ground_normal_filter.

变分量子本层（VQE）是一种领先的策略，可利用嘈杂的中间量子量子（NISQ）机器来解决化学问题的表现优于经典方法。为了获得大规模问题的计算优势，可行的解决方案是量子分布式优化（QUDIO）方案，该方案将原始问题分配到$ K $子问题中，并将其分配给$ K $量子机器，然后将其分配给并行优化。尽管有可证明的加速度比率，但Qudio的效率可能会因同步操作而大大降低。为了征服这个问题，我们在这里提议在量子分布式优化期间，将洗牌措施涉及到当地的汉密尔顿人。与Qudio相比，Shuffle-Qudio显着降低了量子处理器之间的通信频率，并同时达到了更好的训练性。特别是，我们证明，Shuffle-Qudio可以比Qudio更快地收敛速率。进行了广泛的数值实验，以验证估计分子的基态能量的任务中，隔离式时间速度允许壁式时间速度和低近似误差。我们从经验上证明，我们的建议可以与其他加速技术（例如操作员分组）无缝集成，以进一步提高VQE的疗效。

目前，跨景元的高光谱图像（HSI）分类引起了人们的注意。当需要实时处理TD且不能重复使用训练时，必须仅在源域（SD）上训练模型（SD）并将模型直接传输到目标域（TD）。基于域概括的思想，开发了单源域扩展网络（SDENET），以确保域扩展的可靠性和有效性。该方法使用生成的对抗学习在SD中训练和TD测试。包括语义编码器和MORPH编码器在内的发电机旨在基于编码器随机化架构生成扩展域（ED），其中空间和频谱随机化专门用于生成可变的空间和光谱信息，并隐含形态知识。作为域扩展过程中的域不变信息。此外，受监督的对比学习被采用在歧视者中，以学习阶级领域不变的表示，该表示驱动了SD和ED的阶级样本。同时，对抗性训练旨在优化发电机以驱动SD和ED的阶级样品进行分离。与最先进的技术相比，在两个公共HSI数据集和另一个多光谱图像（MSI）数据集上进行了广泛的实验，证明了该方法的优越性。

我们开发了WOC，这是一个基于网络摄像头的3D虚拟在线聊天室，用于多人交互，该聊天介绍了用户的3D运动，并实时驱动其单独的3D虚拟化头像。与现有的基于可穿戴设备的解决方案相比，WOC使用单个相机提供方便和低成本的3D运动捕获。为了促进身临其境的聊天体验，WOC提供了高保真虚拟化的化身操纵，这也支持用户定义的字符。使用分布式数据流服务，系统为所有用户提供高度同步的运动和声音。部署在网站上，无需安装，用户可以在https://yanch.cloud上自由体验虚拟在线聊天。

联合学习（FL）是一个有前途的分布式框架，用于协作人工智能模型培训，同时保护用户隐私。引起大量研究关注的引导组件是激励机制刺激佛罗里达用户协作的设计。大多数作品采用以经纪人为中心的方法来帮助中央运营商吸引参与者并进一步获得训练有素的模型。很少有作品认为参与者之间以参与者为中心的合作来追求其共同利益的FL模型，这会引起以经纪人FL的激励机制设计的显着差异。为了协调自私和异质参与者，我们提出了一个新颖的分析框架，以激励以参与者为中心的FL有效，有效的合作。具体而言，我们分别提出了两个新型游戏模型，用于贡献符合贡献的FL（COFL）和贡献感知的FL（CAFL），后者在其中实现了最低贡献阈值机制。我们进一步分析了COFL和CAFL游戏的NASH平衡的独特性和存在，并设计有效的算法以实现平衡溶液。广泛的绩效评估表明，COFL中存在自由骑行现象，通过采用CAFL模型具有优化的最低阈值，可以极大地缓解这种现象。

由于缺乏电感偏见，视觉变压器（VIT）通常被认为比卷积神经网络（CNN）少。因此，最近的工作将卷积作为插件模块，并将其嵌入各种Vit对应物中。在本文中，我们认为卷积内核执行信息聚合以连接所有令牌。但是，如果这种明确的聚合能够以更均匀的方式起作用，则实际上是轻重量VIT的不必要的。受到这一点的启发，我们将Lightvit作为新的轻巧VIT家族，以在不卷积的情况下在纯变压器块上实现更好的准确性效率平衡。具体而言，我们将一个全球但有效的聚合方案引入了VIT的自我注意力和前馈网络（FFN），其中引入了其他可学习的令牌以捕获全球依赖性；在令牌嵌入上施加了双维通道和空间注意力。实验表明，我们的模型在图像分类，对象检测和语义分割任务上取得了重大改进。例如，我们的LightVit-T仅使用0.7G拖鞋的ImageNet上达到78.7％的精度，在GPU上的PVTV2-B0优于8.2％，而GPU的速度快11％。代码可在https://github.com/hunto/lightvit上找到。

Unlike existing knowledge distillation methods focus on the baseline settings, where the teacher models and training strategies are not that strong and competing as state-of-the-art approaches, this paper presents a method dubbed DIST to distill better from a stronger teacher. We empirically find that the discrepancy of predictions between the student and a stronger teacher may tend to be fairly severer. As a result, the exact match of predictions in KL divergence would disturb the training and make existing methods perform poorly. In this paper, we show that simply preserving the relations between the predictions of teacher and student would suffice, and propose a correlation-based loss to capture the intrinsic inter-class relations from the teacher explicitly. Besides, considering that different instances have different semantic similarities to each class, we also extend this relational match to the intra-class level. Our method is simple yet practical, and extensive experiments demonstrate that it adapts well to various architectures, model sizes and training strategies, and can achieve state-of-the-art performance consistently on image classification, object detection, and semantic segmentation tasks. Code is available at: https://github.com/hunto/DIST_KD .

Context-aware decision support in the operating room can foster surgical safety and efficiency by leveraging real-time feedback from surgical workflow analysis. Most existing works recognize surgical activities at a coarse-grained level, such as phases, steps or events, leaving out fine-grained interaction details about the surgical activity; yet those are needed for more helpful AI assistance in the operating room. Recognizing surgical actions as triplets of <instrument, verb, target> combination delivers comprehensive details about the activities taking place in surgical videos. This paper presents CholecTriplet2021: an endoscopic vision challenge organized at MICCAI 2021 for the recognition of surgical action triplets in laparoscopic videos. The challenge granted private access to the large-scale CholecT50 dataset, which is annotated with action triplet information. In this paper, we present the challenge setup and assessment of the state-of-the-art deep learning methods proposed by the participants during the challenge. A total of 4 baseline methods from the challenge organizers and 19 new deep learning algorithms by competing teams are presented to recognize surgical action triplets directly from surgical videos, achieving mean average precision (mAP) ranging from 4.2% to 38.1%. This study also analyzes the significance of the results obtained by the presented approaches, performs a thorough methodological comparison between them, in-depth result analysis, and proposes a novel ensemble method for enhanced recognition. Our analysis shows that surgical workflow analysis is not yet solved, and also highlights interesting directions for future research on fine-grained surgical activity recognition which is of utmost importance for the development of AI in surgery.

与常规的基于统计参数的方法相比，已经证明了基于深度学习的歌声综合（SVS）系统可以灵活地产生更好的质量唱歌。但是，神经系统通常是渴望数据的，并且很难通过有限的公共可用培训数据来达到合理的歌唱质量。在这项工作中，我们探索了不同的数据增强方法，以促进SVS系统的培训，包括基于沥青增强和混合增强为SVS定制的几种策略。为了进一步稳定培训，我们介绍了循环一致的培训策略。在两个公开唱歌数据库上进行的广泛实验表明，我们提出的增强方法和稳定训练策略可以显着改善客观和主观评估的绩效。