The development of social media user stance detection and bot detection methods rely heavily on large-scale and high-quality benchmarks. However, in addition to low annotation quality, existing benchmarks generally have incomplete user relationships, suppressing graph-based account detection research. To address these issues, we propose a Multi-Relational Graph-Based Twitter Account Detection Benchmark (MGTAB), the first standardized graph-based benchmark for account detection. To our knowledge, MGTAB was built based on the largest original data in the field, with over 1.55 million users and 130 million tweets. MGTAB contains 10,199 expert-annotated users and 7 types of relationships, ensuring high-quality annotation and diversified relations. In MGTAB, we extracted the 20 user property features with the greatest information gain and user tweet features as the user features. In addition, we performed a thorough evaluation of MGTAB and other public datasets. Our experiments found that graph-based approaches are generally more effective than feature-based approaches and perform better when introducing multiple relations. By analyzing experiment results, we identify effective approaches for account detection and provide potential future research directions in this field. Our benchmark and standardized evaluation procedures are freely available at: https://github.com/GraphDetec/MGTAB.

For Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, many models have been established to characterize their degradation process. The existing empirical or physical models can reveal important information regarding the degradation dynamics. However, there is no general and flexible methods to fuse the information represented by those models. Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) is an efficient tool to fuse empirical or physical dynamic models with data-driven models. To take full advantage of various information sources, we propose a model fusion scheme based on PINN. It is implemented by developing a semi-empirical semi-physical Partial Differential Equation (PDE) to model the degradation dynamics of Li-ion-batteries. When there is little prior knowledge about the dynamics, we leverage the data-driven Deep Hidden Physics Model (DeepHPM) to discover the underlying governing dynamic models. The uncovered dynamics information is then fused with that mined by the surrogate neural network in the PINN framework. Moreover, an uncertainty-based adaptive weighting method is employed to balance the multiple learning tasks when training the PINN. The proposed methods are verified on a public dataset of Li-ion Phosphate (LFP)/graphite batteries.

StyleGAN has achieved great progress in 2D face reconstruction and semantic editing via image inversion and latent editing. While studies over extending 2D StyleGAN to 3D faces have emerged, a corresponding generic 3D GAN inversion framework is still missing, limiting the applications of 3D face reconstruction and semantic editing. In this paper, we study the challenging problem of 3D GAN inversion where a latent code is predicted given a single face image to faithfully recover its 3D shapes and detailed textures. The problem is ill-posed: innumerable compositions of shape and texture could be rendered to the current image. Furthermore, with the limited capacity of a global latent code, 2D inversion methods cannot preserve faithful shape and texture at the same time when applied to 3D models. To solve this problem, we devise an effective self-training scheme to constrain the learning of inversion. The learning is done efficiently without any real-world 2D-3D training pairs but proxy samples generated from a 3D GAN. In addition, apart from a global latent code that captures the coarse shape and texture information, we augment the generation network with a local branch, where pixel-aligned features are added to faithfully reconstruct face details. We further consider a new pipeline to perform 3D view-consistent editing. Extensive experiments show that our method outperforms state-of-the-art inversion methods in both shape and texture reconstruction quality. Code and data will be released.

Group affect refers to the subjective emotion that is evoked by an external stimulus in a group, which is an important factor that shapes group behavior and outcomes. Recognizing group affect involves identifying important individuals and salient objects among a crowd that can evoke emotions. Most of the existing methods are proposed to detect faces and objects using pre-trained detectors and summarize the results into group emotions by specific rules. However, such affective region selection mechanisms are heuristic and susceptible to imperfect faces and objects from the pre-trained detectors. Moreover, faces and objects on group-level images are often contextually relevant. There is still an open question about how important faces and objects can be interacted with. In this work, we incorporate the psychological concept called Most Important Person (MIP). It represents the most noteworthy face in the crowd and has an affective semantic meaning. We propose the Dual-branch Cross-Patch Attention Transformer (DCAT) which uses global image and MIP together as inputs. Specifically, we first learn the informative facial regions produced by the MIP and the global context separately. Then, the Cross-Patch Attention module is proposed to fuse the features of MIP and global context together to complement each other. With parameters less than 10x, the proposed DCAT outperforms state-of-the-art methods on two datasets of group valence prediction, GAF 3.0 and GroupEmoW datasets. Moreover, our proposed model can be transferred to another group affect task, group cohesion, and shows comparable results.

In real teaching scenarios, an excellent teacher always teaches what he (or she) is good at but the student is not. This method gives the student the best assistance in making up for his (or her) weaknesses and becoming a good one overall. Enlightened by this, we introduce the approach to the knowledge distillation framework and propose a data-based distillation method named ``Teaching what you Should Teach (TST)''. To be specific, TST contains a neural network-based data augmentation module with the priori bias, which can assist in finding what the teacher is good at while the student are not by learning magnitudes and probabilities to generate suitable samples. By training the data augmentation module and the generalized distillation paradigm in turn, a student model that has excellent generalization ability can be created. To verify the effectiveness of TST, we conducted extensive comparative experiments on object recognition (CIFAR-100 and ImageNet-1k), detection (MS-COCO), and segmentation (Cityscapes) tasks. As experimentally demonstrated, TST achieves state-of-the-art performance on almost all teacher-student pairs. Furthermore, we conduct intriguing studies of TST, including how to solve the performance degradation caused by the stronger teacher and what magnitudes and probabilities are needed for the distillation framework.

The space-air-ground integrated network (SAGIN), one of the key technologies for next-generation mobile communication systems, can facilitate data transmission for users all over the world, especially in some remote areas where vast amounts of informative data are collected by Internet of remote things (IoRT) devices to support various data-driven artificial intelligence (AI) services. However, training AI models centrally with the assistance of SAGIN faces the challenges of highly constrained network topology, inefficient data transmission, and privacy issues. To tackle these challenges, we first propose a novel topology-aware federated learning framework for the SAGIN, namely Olive Branch Learning (OBL). Specifically, the IoRT devices in the ground layer leverage their private data to perform model training locally, while the air nodes in the air layer and the ring-structured low earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellation in the space layer are in charge of model aggregation (synchronization) at different scales.To further enhance communication efficiency and inference performance of OBL, an efficient Communication and Non-IID-aware Air node-Satellite Assignment (CNASA) algorithm is designed by taking the data class distribution of the air nodes as well as their geographic locations into account. Furthermore, we extend our OBL framework and CNASA algorithm to adapt to more complex multi-orbit satellite networks. We analyze the convergence of our OBL framework and conclude that the CNASA algorithm contributes to the fast convergence of the global model. Extensive experiments based on realistic datasets corroborate the superior performance of our algorithm over the benchmark policies.

Video super-resolution is one of the most popular tasks on mobile devices, being widely used for an automatic improvement of low-bitrate and low-resolution video streams. While numerous solutions have been proposed for this problem, they are usually quite computationally demanding, demonstrating low FPS rates and power efficiency on mobile devices. In this Mobile AI challenge, we address this problem and propose the participants to design an end-to-end real-time video super-resolution solution for mobile NPUs optimized for low energy consumption. The participants were provided with the REDS training dataset containing video sequences for a 4X video upscaling task. The runtime and power efficiency of all models was evaluated on the powerful MediaTek Dimensity 9000 platform with a dedicated AI processing unit capable of accelerating floating-point and quantized neural networks. All proposed solutions are fully compatible with the above NPU, demonstrating an up to 500 FPS rate and 0.2 [Watt / 30 FPS] power consumption. A detailed description of all models developed in the challenge is provided in this paper.

The role of mobile cameras increased dramatically over the past few years, leading to more and more research in automatic image quality enhancement and RAW photo processing. In this Mobile AI challenge, the target was to develop an efficient end-to-end AI-based image signal processing (ISP) pipeline replacing the standard mobile ISPs that can run on modern smartphone GPUs using TensorFlow Lite. The participants were provided with a large-scale Fujifilm UltraISP dataset consisting of thousands of paired photos captured with a normal mobile camera sensor and a professional 102MP medium-format FujiFilm GFX100 camera. The runtime of the resulting models was evaluated on the Snapdragon's 8 Gen 1 GPU that provides excellent acceleration results for the majority of common deep learning ops. The proposed solutions are compatible with all recent mobile GPUs, being able to process Full HD photos in less than 20-50 milliseconds while achieving high fidelity results. A detailed description of all models developed in this challenge is provided in this paper.

生成高质量的艺术肖像视频是计算机图形和愿景中的一项重要且理想的任务。尽管已经提出了一系列成功的肖像图像图像模型模型，但这些面向图像的方法在应用于视频（例如固定框架尺寸，面部对齐的要求，缺失的非种族细节和缺失的非种族细节和缺失的要求）时，具有明显的限制。时间不一致。在这项工作中，我们通过引入一个新颖的Vtoonify框架来研究具有挑战性的可控高分辨率肖像视频风格转移。具体而言，Vtoonify利用了Stylegan的中高分辨率层，以基于编码器提取的多尺度内容功能来渲染高质量的艺术肖像，以更好地保留框架细节。由此产生的完全卷积体系结构接受可变大小的视频中的非对齐面孔作为输入，从而有助于完整的面部区域，并在输出中自然动作。我们的框架与现有的基于Stylegan的图像图像模型兼容，以将其扩展到视频化，并继承了这些模型的吸引力，以进行柔性风格控制颜色和强度。这项工作分别为基于收藏和基于示例的肖像视频风格转移而建立在Toonify和DualStylegan的基于Toonify和Dualstylegan的Vtoonify的两个实例化。广泛的实验结果证明了我们提出的VTOONIFY框架对现有方法的有效性在生成具有灵活风格控件的高质量和临时艺术肖像视频方面的有效性。

用于图像分割的深卷卷卷神经网络不会明确学习标签结构，并且可能会在类似树状结构（例如气道或血管）分割的圆柱形结构中产生不正确的结构（例如，具有断开的圆柱形结构）的分割。在本文中，我们提出了一种新型的标签改进方法，以从初始分割中纠正此类错误，并隐含地包含有关标签结构的信息。该方法具有两个新颖的部分：1）生成合成结构误差的模型，以及2）产生合成分割（带有误差）的标签外观仿真网络，其外观与实际初始分段相似。使用这些合成分割和原始图像，对标签改进网络进行了训练，以纠正错误并改善初始分割。该方法对两个分割任务进行了验证：来自胸部计算机断层扫描（CT）扫描和大脑3D CT血管造影（CTA）图像的脑血管分割的气道分割。在这两种应用中，我们的方法都大大优于标准的3D U-NET和其他先前的改进方法。当使用其他未标记的数据进行模型培训时，改进甚至更大。在消融研究中，我们证明了所提出方法的不同组成部分的值。