通过从完全标记的源域中利用数据，无监督域适应（UDA）通过显式差异最小化数据分布或对抗学习来提高未标记的目标域上的分类性能。作为增强，通过利用模型预测来加强目标特征识别期间涉及类别对齐。但是，在目标域上的错误类别预测中产生的伪标签不准确以及由源域的过度录制引起的分发偏差存在未探明的问题。在本文中，我们提出了一种模型 - 不可知的两阶段学习框架，这大大减少了使用软伪标签策略的缺陷模型预测，并避免了课程学习策略的源域上的过度拟合。从理论上讲，它成功降低了目标域上预期误差的上限的综合风险。在第一阶段，我们用分布对齐的UDA方法训练一个模型，以获得具有相当高的置位目标域上的软语义标签。为了避免在源域上的过度拟合，在第二阶段，我们提出了一种课程学习策略，以自适应地控制来自两个域的损失之间的加权，以便训练阶段的焦点从源分布逐渐移位到目标分布，以预测信心提升了目标分布在目标领域。对两个知名基准数据集的广泛实验验证了我们提出框架促进促进顶级UDA算法的性能的普遍效果，并展示其一致的卓越性能。

必须校准不确定性估计值（即准确）和清晰（即信息性），以便有用。这激发了各种重新校准的方法，这些方法使用固定数据将未校准的模型转化为校准模型。但是，由于原始模型也是概率模型，因此现有方法的适用性受到限制。我们在回归中引入了一种用于重新校准的算法类别，我们称为模块化保形校准（MCC）。该框架允许人们将任何回归模型转换为校准的概率模型。 MCC的模块化设计使我们能够对现有算法进行简单调整，以实现良好的分配预测。我们还为MCC算法提供有限样本的校准保证。我们的框架恢复了等渗的重新校准，保形校准和共形间隔预测，这意味着我们的理论结果也适用于这些方法。最后，我们对17个回归数据集进行了MCC的经验研究。我们的结果表明，在我们的框架中设计的新算法实现了接近完美的校准，并相对于现有方法提高了清晰度。

作为算法公平性的概念，多核算已被证明是一个强大而多才多艺的概念，其含义远远超出了其最初的意图。这个严格的概念 - 预测在丰富的相交子群中得到了很好的校准 - 以成本为代价提供了强大的保证：学习成型预测指标的计算和样本复杂性很高，并且随着类标签的数量而成倍增长。相比之下，可以更有效地实现多辅助性的放松概念，但是，仅假设单独使用多学历，就无法保证许多最可取的多核能概念。这种紧张局势提出了一个关键问题：我们能否以多核式式保证来学习预测因素，以与多审核级相称？在这项工作中，我们定义并启动了低度多核的研究。低度的多核净化定义了越来越强大的多组公平性概念的层次结构，这些概念跨越了多辅助性和极端的多核电的原始表述。我们的主要技术贡献表明，与公平性和准确性有关的多核算的关键特性实际上表现为低级性质。重要的是，我们表明，低度的数学振动可以比完整的多核电更有效。在多级设置中，实现低度多核的样品复杂性在完整的多核电上呈指数级（在类中）提高。我们的工作提供了令人信服的证据，表明低度多核能代表了一个最佳位置，将计算和样品效率配对，并提供了强大的公平性和准确性保证。

当在高风险机器人应用程序中部署机器学习模型时，检测不安全情况的能力至关重要。当迫在眉睫的情况下（在没有纠正措施的情况下），预警系统可以提供警报。为了可靠地提高安全性，这些警告系统应具有可证明的假负率；即，在没有警报的情况下，将发生不安全的情况，少于$ \ epsilon $。在这项工作中，我们提出了一个框架，将一种统计推理技术与机器人/环境动力学的模拟器相结合，以调整警告系统，以实现$ \ epsilon $ false的负率，使用$ 1//$ 1/\ epsilon $数据点。我们将框架应用于驾驶员警告系统和机器人抓握应用程序，并在经验上证明了错误的负率，同时也观察到较低的虚假检测（正）率。

概率分类器输出置信信心得分随着他们的预测，并且应该校准这些置信分数，即，它们应该反映预测的可靠性。最小化标准度量的置信度分数，例如预期的校准误差（ECE）准确地测量整个人口平均值的可靠性。然而，通常不可能测量单独预测的可靠性。在这项工作中，我们提出了本地校准误差（LCE），以跨越平均值和各个可靠性之间的间隙。对于每个单独的预测，LCE测量一组类似预测的平均可靠性，其中通过预先训练的特征空间上的内核函数和通过预测模型信仰的融合方案来量化相似性。我们从理论上显示了LCE可以从数据估计，并经验地发现它显示出比ECE可以检测到更细粒度的错误级别模式。我们的关键结果是一种新颖的局部重新校准方法，以改善个人预测的置信度分数并减少LCE。实验，我们表明我们的重新校准方法产生更准确的置信度分数，从而提高了具有图像和表格数据的分类任务的下游公平性和决策。

Masked image modeling (MIM) performs strongly in pre-training large vision Transformers (ViTs). However, small models that are critical for real-world applications cannot or only marginally benefit from this pre-training approach. In this paper, we explore distillation techniques to transfer the success of large MIM-based pre-trained models to smaller ones. We systematically study different options in the distillation framework, including distilling targets, losses, input, network regularization, sequential distillation, etc, revealing that: 1) Distilling token relations is more effective than CLS token- and feature-based distillation; 2) An intermediate layer of the teacher network as target perform better than that using the last layer when the depth of the student mismatches that of the teacher; 3) Weak regularization is preferred; etc. With these findings, we achieve significant fine-tuning accuracy improvements over the scratch MIM pre-training on ImageNet-1K classification, using all the ViT-Tiny, ViT-Small, and ViT-base models, with +4.2%/+2.4%/+1.4% gains, respectively. Our TinyMIM model of base size achieves 52.2 mIoU in AE20K semantic segmentation, which is +4.1 higher than the MAE baseline. Our TinyMIM model of tiny size achieves 79.6% top-1 accuracy on ImageNet-1K image classification, which sets a new record for small vision models of the same size and computation budget. This strong performance suggests an alternative way for developing small vision Transformer models, that is, by exploring better training methods rather than introducing inductive biases into architectures as in most previous works. Code is available at https://github.com/OliverRensu/TinyMIM.

In this paper, we propose a robust 3D detector, named Cross Modal Transformer (CMT), for end-to-end 3D multi-modal detection. Without explicit view transformation, CMT takes the image and point clouds tokens as inputs and directly outputs accurate 3D bounding boxes. The spatial alignment of multi-modal tokens is performed implicitly, by encoding the 3D points into multi-modal features. The core design of CMT is quite simple while its performance is impressive. CMT obtains 73.0% NDS on nuScenes benchmark. Moreover, CMT has a strong robustness even if the LiDAR is missing. Code will be released at https://github.com/junjie18/CMT.

Dataset distillation has emerged as a prominent technique to improve data efficiency when training machine learning models. It encapsulates the knowledge from a large dataset into a smaller synthetic dataset. A model trained on this smaller distilled dataset can attain comparable performance to a model trained on the original training dataset. However, the existing dataset distillation techniques mainly aim at achieving the best trade-off between resource usage efficiency and model utility. The security risks stemming from them have not been explored. This study performs the first backdoor attack against the models trained on the data distilled by dataset distillation models in the image domain. Concretely, we inject triggers into the synthetic data during the distillation procedure rather than during the model training stage, where all previous attacks are performed. We propose two types of backdoor attacks, namely NAIVEATTACK and DOORPING. NAIVEATTACK simply adds triggers to the raw data at the initial distillation phase, while DOORPING iteratively updates the triggers during the entire distillation procedure. We conduct extensive evaluations on multiple datasets, architectures, and dataset distillation techniques. Empirical evaluation shows that NAIVEATTACK achieves decent attack success rate (ASR) scores in some cases, while DOORPING reaches higher ASR scores (close to 1.0) in all cases. Furthermore, we conduct a comprehensive ablation study to analyze the factors that may affect the attack performance. Finally, we evaluate multiple defense mechanisms against our backdoor attacks and show that our attacks can practically circumvent these defense mechanisms.

Blind image quality assessment (BIQA) remains challenging due to the diversity of distortion and image content variation, which complicate the distortion patterns crossing different scales and aggravate the difficulty of the regression problem for BIQA. However, existing BIQA methods often fail to consider multi-scale distortion patterns and image content, and little research has been done on learning strategies to make the regression model produce better performance. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective Progressive Multi-Task Image Quality Assessment (PMT-IQA) model, which contains a multi-scale feature extraction module (MS) and a progressive multi-task learning module (PMT), to help the model learn complex distortion patterns and better optimize the regression issue to align with the law of human learning process from easy to hard. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed PMT-IQA model, we conduct experiments on four widely used public datasets, and the experimental results indicate that the performance of PMT-IQA is superior to the comparison approaches, and both MS and PMT modules improve the model's performance.

Automatic music generation with artificial intelligence typically requires a large amount of data which is hard to obtain for many less common genres and musical instruments. To tackle this issue, we present ongoing work and preliminary findings on the possibility for deep models to transfer knowledge from language to music, by finetuning large language models pre-trained on a massive text corpus on only hundreds of MIDI files of drum performances. We show that by doing so, one of the largest, state-of-the-art models (GPT3) is capable of generating reasonable drum grooves, while models that are not pre-trained (Transformer) shows no such ability beyond naive repetition. Evaluating generated music is a challenging task, more so is evaluating drum grooves with little precedence in literature. Hence, we propose a tailored structural evaluation method and analyze drum grooves produced by GPT3 compared to those played by human professionals, exposing the strengths and weaknesses of such generation by language-to-music transfer. Our findings suggest that language-to-music transfer learning with large language models is viable and promising.