Transformers have recently gained attention in the computer vision domain due to their ability to model long-range dependencies. However, the self-attention mechanism, which is the core part of the Transformer model, usually suffers from quadratic computational complexity with respect to the number of tokens. Many architectures attempt to reduce model complexity by limiting the self-attention mechanism to local regions or by redesigning the tokenization process. In this paper, we propose DAE-Former, a novel method that seeks to provide an alternative perspective by efficiently designing the self-attention mechanism. More specifically, we reformulate the self-attention mechanism to capture both spatial and channel relations across the whole feature dimension while staying computationally efficient. Furthermore, we redesign the skip connection path by including the cross-attention module to ensure the feature reusability and enhance the localization power. Our method outperforms state-of-the-art methods on multi-organ cardiac and skin lesion segmentation datasets without requiring pre-training weights. The code is publicly available at https://github.com/mindflow-institue/DAEFormer.

多年来，卷积神经网络（CNN）已成为多种计算机视觉任务的事实上的标准。尤其是，基于开创性体系结构（例如具有跳过连接的U形模型）或具有金字塔池的Artous卷积的深度神经网络已针对广泛的医学图像分析任务量身定制。此类架构的主要优点是它们容易拘留多功能本地功能。然而，作为一般共识，CNN无法捕获由于卷积操作的固有性能的内在特性而捕获长期依赖性和空间相关性。另外，从全球信息建模中获利的变压器源于自我发项机制，最近在自然语言处理和计算机视觉方面取得了出色的表现。然而，以前的研究证明，局部和全局特征对于密集预测的深层模型至关重要，例如以不同的形状和配置对复杂的结构进行分割。为此，本文提出了TransDeeplab，这是一种新型的DeepLab样纯变压器，用于医学图像分割。具体而言，我们用移动的窗口利用层次旋转式变形器来扩展DeepLabV3并建模非常有用的空间金字塔池（ASPP）模块。对相关文献的彻底搜索结果是，我们是第一个用基于纯变压器模型对开创性DeepLab模型进行建模的人。关于各种医学图像分割任务的广泛实验证明，我们的方法在视觉变压器和基于CNN的方法的合并中表现出色或与大多数当代作品相提并论，并显着降低了模型复杂性。代码和训练有素的模型可在https://github.com/rezazad68/transdeeplab上公开获得

在过去的几年中，卷积神经网络（CNN），尤其是U-NET，一直是医学图像处理时代的流行技术。具体而言，开创性的U-NET及其替代方案成功地设法解决了各种各样的医学图像分割任务。但是，这些体系结构在本质上是不完美的，因为它们无法表现出长距离相互作用和空间依赖性，从而导致具有可变形状和结构的医学图像分割的严重性能下降。针对序列到序列预测的初步提议的变压器已成为替代体系结构，以精确地模拟由自我激进机制辅助的全局信息。尽管设计了可行的设计，但利用纯变压器来进行图像分割目的，可能导致限制的定位容量，导致低级功能不足。因此，一系列研究旨在设计基于变压器的U-NET的强大变体。在本文中，我们提出了Trans-Norm，这是一种新型的深层分割框架，它随同将变压器模块合并为标准U-NET的编码器和跳过连接。我们认为，跳过连接的方便设计对于准确的分割至关重要，因为它可以帮助扩展路径和收缩路径之间的功能融合。在这方面，我们从变压器模块中得出了一种空间归一化机制，以适应性地重新校准跳过连接路径。对医学图像分割的三个典型任务进行了广泛的实验，证明了透气的有效性。代码和训练有素的模型可在https://github.com/rezazad68/transnorm上公开获得。

卷积神经网络（CNN）已成为医疗图像分割任务的共识。但是，由于卷积操作的性质，它们在建模长期依赖性和空间相关性时受到限制。尽管最初开发了变压器来解决这个问题，但它们未能捕获低级功能。相比之下，证明本地和全球特征对于密集的预测至关重要，例如在具有挑战性的环境中细分。在本文中，我们提出了一种新型方法，该方法有效地桥接了CNN和用于医学图像分割的变压器。具体而言，我们使用开创性SWIN变压器模块和一个基于CNN的编码器设计两个多尺度特征表示。为了确保从上述两个表示获得的全局和局部特征的精细融合，我们建议在编码器编码器结构的跳过连接中提出一个双层融合（DLF）模块。在各种医学图像分割数据集上进行的广泛实验证明了Hiformer在计算复杂性以及定量和定性结果方面对其他基于CNN的，基于变压器和混合方法的有效性。我们的代码可在以下网址公开获取：https：//github.com/amirhossein-kz/hiformer

Compared to regular cameras, Dynamic Vision Sensors or Event Cameras can output compact visual data based on a change in the intensity in each pixel location asynchronously. In this paper, we study the application of current image-based SLAM techniques to these novel sensors. To this end, the information in adaptively selected event windows is processed to form motion-compensated images. These images are then used to reconstruct the scene and estimate the 6-DOF pose of the camera. We also propose an inertial version of the event-only pipeline to assess its capabilities. We compare the results of different configurations of the proposed algorithm against the ground truth for sequences of two publicly available event datasets. We also compare the results of the proposed event-inertial pipeline with the state-of-the-art and show it can produce comparable or more accurate results provided the map estimate is reliable.

The purpose of this work was to tackle practical issues which arise when using a tendon-driven robotic manipulator with a long, passive, flexible proximal section in medical applications. A separable robot which overcomes difficulties in actuation and sterilization is introduced, in which the body containing the electronics is reusable and the remainder is disposable. A control input which resolves the redundancy in the kinematics and a physical interpretation of this redundancy are provided. The effect of a static change in the proximal section angle on bending angle error was explored under four testing conditions for a sinusoidal input. Bending angle error increased for increasing proximal section angle for all testing conditions with an average error reduction of 41.48% for retension, 4.28% for hysteresis, and 52.35% for re-tension + hysteresis compensation relative to the baseline case. Two major sources of error in tracking the bending angle were identified: time delay from hysteresis and DC offset from the proximal section angle. Examination of these error sources revealed that the simple hysteresis compensation was most effective for removing time delay and re-tension compensation for removing DC offset, which was the primary source of increasing error. The re-tension compensation was also tested for dynamic changes in the proximal section and reduced error in the final configuration of the tip by 89.14% relative to the baseline case.

A track-before-detect (TBD) particle filter-based method for detection and tracking of low observable objects based on a sequence of image frames in the presence of noise and clutter is studied. At each time instance after receiving a frame of image, first, some preprocessing approaches are applied to the image. Then, it is sent to the detection and tracking algorithm which is based on a particle filter. Performance of the approach is evaluated for detection and tracking of an object in different scenarios including noise and clutter.

Machine learning (ML) has recently facilitated many advances in solving problems related to many-body physical systems. Given the intrinsic quantum nature of these problems, it is natural to speculate that quantum-enhanced machine learning will enable us to unveil even greater details than we currently have. With this motivation, this paper examines a quantum machine learning approach based on shallow variational ansatz inspired by tensor networks for supervised learning tasks. In particular, we first look at the standard image classification tasks using the Fashion-MNIST dataset and study the effect of repeating tensor network layers on ansatz's expressibility and performance. Finally, we use this strategy to tackle the problem of quantum phase recognition for the transverse-field Ising and Heisenberg spin models in one and two dimensions, where we were able to reach $\geq 98\%$ test-set accuracies with both multi-scale entanglement renormalization ansatz (MERA) and tree tensor network (TTN) inspired parametrized quantum circuits.

Machine reading comprehension (MRC) is a long-standing topic in natural language processing (NLP). The MRC task aims to answer a question based on the given context. Recently studies focus on multi-hop MRC which is a more challenging extension of MRC, which to answer a question some disjoint pieces of information across the context are required. Due to the complexity and importance of multi-hop MRC, a large number of studies have been focused on this topic in recent years, therefore, it is necessary and worth reviewing the related literature. This study aims to investigate recent advances in the multi-hop MRC approaches based on 31 studies from 2018 to 2022. In this regard, first, the multi-hop MRC problem definition will be introduced, then 31 models will be reviewed in detail with a strong focus on their multi-hop aspects. They also will be categorized based on their main techniques. Finally, a fine-grain comprehensive comparison of the models and techniques will be presented.

Multi-hop Machine reading comprehension is a challenging task with aim of answering a question based on disjoint pieces of information across the different passages. The evaluation metrics and datasets are a vital part of multi-hop MRC because it is not possible to train and evaluate models without them, also, the proposed challenges by datasets often are an important motivation for improving the existing models. Due to increasing attention to this field, it is necessary and worth reviewing them in detail. This study aims to present a comprehensive survey on recent advances in multi-hop MRC evaluation metrics and datasets. In this regard, first, the multi-hop MRC problem definition will be presented, then the evaluation metrics based on their multi-hop aspect will be investigated. Also, 15 multi-hop datasets have been reviewed in detail from 2017 to 2022, and a comprehensive analysis has been prepared at the end. Finally, open issues in this field have been discussed.