Deep learning (DL) methods where interpretability is intrinsically considered as part of the model are required to better understand the relationship of clinical and imaging-based attributes with DL outcomes, thus facilitating their use in the reasoning behind medical decisions. Latent space representations built with variational autoencoders (VAE) do not ensure individual control of data attributes. Attribute-based methods enforcing attribute disentanglement have been proposed in the literature for classical computer vision tasks in benchmark data. In this paper, we propose a VAE approach, the Attri-VAE, that includes an attribute regularization term to associate clinical and medical imaging attributes with different regularized dimensions in the generated latent space, enabling a better-disentangled interpretation of the attributes. Furthermore, the generated attention maps explained the attribute encoding in the regularized latent space dimensions. Using the Attri-VAE approach we analyzed healthy and myocardial infarction patients with clinical, cardiac morphology, and radiomics attributes. The proposed model provided an excellent trade-off between reconstruction fidelity, disentanglement, and interpretability, outperforming state-of-the-art VAE approaches according to several quantitative metrics. The resulting latent space allowed the generation of realistic synthetic data in the trajectory between two distinct input samples or along a specific attribute dimension to better interpret changes between different cardiac conditions.

In the Earth's magnetosphere, there are fewer than a dozen dedicated probes beyond low-Earth orbit making in-situ observations at any given time. As a result, we poorly understand its global structure and evolution, the mechanisms of its main activity processes, magnetic storms, and substorms. New Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods, including machine learning, data mining, and data assimilation, as well as new AI-enabled missions will need to be developed to meet this Sparse Data challenge.

我们引入了一种新的经验贝叶斯方法，用于大规模多线性回归。我们的方法结合了两个关键思想：（i）使用灵活的“自适应收缩”先验，该先验近似于正常分布的有限混合物，近似于正常分布的非参数家族； （ii）使用变分近似来有效估计先前的超参数并计算近似后期。将这两个想法结合起来，将快速，灵活的方法与计算速度相当，可与快速惩罚的回归方法（例如Lasso）相当，并在各种场景中具有出色的预测准确性。此外，我们表明，我们方法中的后验平均值可以解释为解决惩罚性回归问题，并通过直接解决优化问题（而不是通过交叉验证来调整）从数据中学到的惩罚函数的精确形式。 。我们的方法是在r https://github.com/stephenslab/mr.ash.ash.alpha的r软件包中实现的