生成的对抗网络（GANS）产生高质量的图像，但致力于训练。它们需要仔细正常化，大量计算和昂贵的超参数扫描。我们通过将生成和真实样本投影到固定的预级特征空间中，在这些问题上进行了重要的头路。发现鉴别者无法充分利用来自预押模型的更深层次的特征，我们提出了更有效的策略，可以在渠道和分辨率中混合特征。我们预计的GaN提高了图像质量，样品效率和收敛速度。它与最多一个百万像素的分辨率进一步兼容，并在二十二个基准数据集上推进最先进的FR \'Echet Inception距离（FID）。重要的是，预计的GAN符合先前最低的FID速度快40倍，鉴于相同的计算资源，将壁钟时间从5天切割到不到3小时。

Spatial understanding is a fundamental aspect of computer vision and integral for human-level reasoning about images, making it an important component for grounded language understanding. While recent large-scale text-to-image synthesis (T2I) models have shown unprecedented improvements in photorealism, it is unclear whether they have reliable spatial understanding capabilities. We investigate the ability of T2I models to generate correct spatial relationships among objects and present VISOR, an evaluation metric that captures how accurately the spatial relationship described in text is generated in the image. To benchmark existing models, we introduce a large-scale challenge dataset SR2D that contains sentences describing two objects and the spatial relationship between them. We construct and harness an automated evaluation pipeline that employs computer vision to recognize objects and their spatial relationships, and we employ it in a large-scale evaluation of T2I models. Our experiments reveal a surprising finding that, although recent state-of-the-art T2I models exhibit high image quality, they are severely limited in their ability to generate multiple objects or the specified spatial relations such as left/right/above/below. Our analyses demonstrate several biases and artifacts of T2I models such as the difficulty with generating multiple objects, a bias towards generating the first object mentioned, spatially inconsistent outputs for equivalent relationships, and a correlation between object co-occurrence and spatial understanding capabilities. We conduct a human study that shows the alignment between VISOR and human judgment about spatial understanding. We offer the SR2D dataset and the VISOR metric to the community in support of T2I spatial reasoning research.

'Actions' play a vital role in how humans interact with the world. Thus, autonomous agents that would assist us in everyday tasks also require the capability to perform 'Reasoning about Actions & Change' (RAC). This has been an important research direction in Artificial Intelligence (AI) in general, but the study of RAC with visual and linguistic inputs is relatively recent. The CLEVR_HYP (Sampat et. al., 2021) is one such testbed for hypothetical vision-language reasoning with actions as the key focus. In this work, we propose a novel learning strategy that can improve reasoning about the effects of actions. We implement an encoder-decoder architecture to learn the representation of actions as vectors. We combine the aforementioned encoder-decoder architecture with existing modality parsers and a scene graph question answering model to evaluate our proposed system on the CLEVR_HYP dataset. We conduct thorough experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach and discuss its advantages over previous baselines in terms of performance, data efficiency, and generalization capability.

'Actions' play a vital role in how humans interact with the world. Thus, autonomous agents that would assist us in everyday tasks also require the capability to perform 'Reasoning about Actions & Change' (RAC). Recently, there has been growing interest in the study of RAC with visual and linguistic inputs. Graphs are often used to represent semantic structure of the visual content (i.e. objects, their attributes and relationships among objects), commonly referred to as scene-graphs. In this work, we propose a novel method that leverages scene-graph representation of images to reason about the effects of actions described in natural language. We experiment with existing CLEVR_HYP (Sampat et. al, 2021) dataset and show that our proposed approach is effective in terms of performance, data efficiency, and generalization capability compared to existing models.

Deep Learning optimization involves minimizing a high-dimensional loss function in the weight space which is often perceived as difficult due to its inherent difficulties such as saddle points, local minima, ill-conditioning of the Hessian and limited compute resources. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of 12 standard optimization methods successfully used in deep learning research and a theoretical assessment of the difficulties in numerical optimization from the optimization literature.

Recent work has demonstrated substantial gains in pre-training large-scale unidirectional language models such as the GPT-2, GPT-3, and GPT-neo, followed by fine-tuning on a downstream task. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of the GPT-neo 1.3 billion model for commonsense reasoning tasks. We assess the model performance on six commonsense reasoning benchmark tasks and report the accuracy scores for these tasks. When fine-tuned using the right set of hyperparameters, we obtain competitive scores on three of these tasks but struggle when the dataset size is significantly smaller. The low model performance on a few of these tasks suggests the inherent difficulty in these datasets and since it fails to establish coherent patterns given their limited training samples. We also investigate and substantiate our results using visualization and conduct numerous inference tests to understand the model performance better. Finally, we conduct thorough robustness tests using various methods to gauge the model performance under numerous settings. These findings suggest a promising path for exploring smaller language models than the GPT-3 175 billion model to perform tasks requiring natural language understanding.

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich organizations and are frequently kept from the public. As a step towards democratizing this powerful technology, we present BLOOM, a 176B-parameter open-access language model designed and built thanks to a collaboration of hundreds of researchers. BLOOM is a decoder-only Transformer language model that was trained on the ROOTS corpus, a dataset comprising hundreds of sources in 46 natural and 13 programming languages (59 in total). We find that BLOOM achieves competitive performance on a wide variety of benchmarks, with stronger results after undergoing multitask prompted finetuning. To facilitate future research and applications using LLMs, we publicly release our models and code under the Responsible AI License.

Videos often capture objects, their visible properties, their motion, and the interactions between different objects. Objects also have physical properties such as mass, which the imaging pipeline is unable to directly capture. However, these properties can be estimated by utilizing cues from relative object motion and the dynamics introduced by collisions. In this paper, we introduce CRIPP-VQA, a new video question answering dataset for reasoning about the implicit physical properties of objects in a scene. CRIPP-VQA contains videos of objects in motion, annotated with questions that involve counterfactual reasoning about the effect of actions, questions about planning in order to reach a goal, and descriptive questions about visible properties of objects. The CRIPP-VQA test set enables evaluation under several out-of-distribution settings -- videos with objects with masses, coefficients of friction, and initial velocities that are not observed in the training distribution. Our experiments reveal a surprising and significant performance gap in terms of answering questions about implicit properties (the focus of this paper) and explicit properties of objects (the focus of prior work).

我们介绍了一个机器人组装系统，该系统简化了从产品组件的CAD模型到完整编程和自适应组装过程的设计对制造工作流程。我们的系统（在CAD工具中）捕获了特定机器人工作电脑组装过程的意图，并生成了任务级指令的配方。通过将视觉传感与深度学习的感知模型相结合，机器人推断出从生成的配方中组装设计的必要动作。感知模型是直接从模拟训练的，从而使系统可以根据CAD信息识别各个部分。我们用两个机器人的工作栏演示了系统，以组装互锁的3D零件设计。我们首先在模拟中构建和调整组装过程，并验证生成的食谱。最后，真正的机器人工作电池使用相同的行为组装了设计。

“行动”在人类与世界互动并使他们实现理想的目标方面起着至关重要的作用。结果，对人类的最常识（CS）知识围绕着行动。尽管“关于行动与变革的推理”（RAC）在知识代表社区中得到了广泛的研究，但它最近引起了NLP和计算机视觉研究人员的兴趣。本文调查了现有的任务，基准数据集，各种技术和模型，以及它们在视觉和语言领域中RAC中进步的各自绩效。最后，我们总结了我们的关键要点，讨论该研究领域面临的目前挑战，并概述了未来研究的潜在方向。