With the recent advance in neural machine translation demonstrating its importance, research on quality estimation (QE) has been steadily progressing. QE aims to automatically predict the quality of machine translation (MT) output without reference sentences. Despite its high utility in the real world, there remain several limitations concerning manual QE data creation: inevitably incurred non-trivial costs due to the need for translation experts, and issues with data scaling and language expansion. To tackle these limitations, we present QUAK, a Korean-English synthetic QE dataset generated in a fully automatic manner. This consists of three sub-QUAK datasets QUAK-M, QUAK-P, and QUAK-H, produced through three strategies that are relatively free from language constraints. Since each strategy requires no human effort, which facilitates scalability, we scale our data up to 1.58M for QUAK-P, H and 6.58M for QUAK-M. As an experiment, we quantitatively analyze word-level QE results in various ways while performing statistical analysis. Moreover, we show that datasets scaled in an efficient way also contribute to performance improvements by observing meaningful performance gains in QUAK-M, P when adding data up to 1.58M.

随着预培训的语言模型变得更加要求资源，因此资源丰富的语言（例如英语和资源筛选）语言之间的不平等正在恶化。这可以归因于以下事实：每种语言中的可用培训数据量都遵循幂律分布，并且大多数语言都属于分布的长尾巴。一些研究领域试图缓解这个问题。例如，在跨语言转移学习和多语言培训中，目标是通过从资源丰富的语言中获得的知识使长尾语言受益。尽管成功，但现有工作主要集中于尝试尽可能多的语言。结果，有针对性的深入分析主要不存在。在这项研究中，我们专注于单一的低资源语言，并使用跨语性培训（XPT）进行广泛的评估和探测实验。为了使转移方案具有挑战性，我们选择韩语作为目标语言，因为它是一种孤立的语言，因此与英语几乎没有类型的分类。结果表明，XPT不仅优于表现或与单语模型相当，该模型训练有大小的数据，而且在传输过程中也很高。

自动编辑（APE）的数据建筑需要广泛而专家级别的人力努力，因为它包含一个涉及识别句子中的错误并提供合适的修订的精心级别。因此，我们开发了一个自我监督的数据生成工具，可作为Web应用程序部署，这最大限度地减少了人类监督，并从并行语料库构建了具有英语作为目标语言的多种语言对的个性化浏览数据。可以使用此工具进行数据为中心的猿类研究，涉及许多尚未研究的语言对，由于缺乏合适的数据而尚未研究。

质量估算数据（QE）培训的数据昂贵，需要大量的人工劳动力。在这项研究中，我们专注于数据以数据为中心的方法，同时执行QE，随后提出一个完全自动的伪QE数据集生成工具，通过仅接收单根或并行语料库作为输入而产生QE数据集。因此，通过数据增强或鼓励多种语言对利用QE的适用性来增强QE性能。此外，我们打算公开发布这款用户友好的QE数据集生成工具，因为我们认为此工具为社区提供了开发QE数据集的新的，廉价的方法。

In this paper, we propose a diffusion-based face swapping framework for the first time, called DiffFace, composed of training ID conditional DDPM, sampling with facial guidance, and a target-preserving blending. In specific, in the training process, the ID conditional DDPM is trained to generate face images with the desired identity. In the sampling process, we use the off-the-shelf facial expert models to make the model transfer source identity while preserving target attributes faithfully. During this process, to preserve the background of the target image and obtain the desired face swapping result, we additionally propose a target-preserving blending strategy. It helps our model to keep the attributes of the target face from noise while transferring the source facial identity. In addition, without any re-training, our model can flexibly apply additional facial guidance and adaptively control the ID-attributes trade-off to achieve the desired results. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first approach that applies the diffusion model in face swapping task. Compared with previous GAN-based approaches, by taking advantage of the diffusion model for the face swapping task, DiffFace achieves better benefits such as training stability, high fidelity, diversity of the samples, and controllability. Extensive experiments show that our DiffFace is comparable or superior to the state-of-the-art methods on several standard face swapping benchmarks.

For change detection in remote sensing, constructing a training dataset for deep learning models is difficult due to the requirements of bi-temporal supervision. To overcome this issue, single-temporal supervision which treats change labels as the difference of two semantic masks has been proposed. This novel method trains a change detector using two spatially unrelated images with corresponding semantic labels such as building. However, training on unpaired datasets could confuse the change detector in the case of pixels that are labeled unchanged but are visually significantly different. In order to maintain the visual similarity in unchanged area, in this paper, we emphasize that the change originates from the source image and show that manipulating the source image as an after-image is crucial to the performance of change detection. Extensive experiments demonstrate the importance of maintaining visual information between pre- and post-event images, and our method outperforms existing methods based on single-temporal supervision. code is available at https://github.com/seominseok0429/Self-Pair-for-Change-Detection.

In recent years, generative models have undergone significant advancement due to the success of diffusion models. The success of these models is often attributed to their use of guidance techniques, such as classifier and classifier-free methods, which provides effective mechanisms to trade-off between fidelity and diversity. However, these methods are not capable of guiding a generated image to be aware of its geometric configuration, e.g., depth, which hinders the application of diffusion models to areas that require a certain level of depth awareness. To address this limitation, we propose a novel guidance approach for diffusion models that uses estimated depth information derived from the rich intermediate representations of diffusion models. To do this, we first present a label-efficient depth estimation framework using the internal representations of diffusion models. At the sampling phase, we utilize two guidance techniques to self-condition the generated image using the estimated depth map, the first of which uses pseudo-labeling, and the subsequent one uses a depth-domain diffusion prior. Experiments and extensive ablation studies demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in guiding the diffusion models toward geometrically plausible image generation. Project page is available at https://ku-cvlab.github.io/DAG/.

Deep learning-based weather prediction models have advanced significantly in recent years. However, data-driven models based on deep learning are difficult to apply to real-world applications because they are vulnerable to spatial-temporal shifts. A weather prediction task is especially susceptible to spatial-temporal shifts when the model is overfitted to locality and seasonality. In this paper, we propose a training strategy to make the weather prediction model robust to spatial-temporal shifts. We first analyze the effect of hyperparameters and augmentations of the existing training strategy on the spatial-temporal shift robustness of the model. Next, we propose an optimal combination of hyperparameters and augmentation based on the analysis results and a test-time augmentation. We performed all experiments on the W4C22 Transfer dataset and achieved the 1st performance.

Traditional weather forecasting relies on domain expertise and computationally intensive numerical simulation systems. Recently, with the development of a data-driven approach, weather forecasting based on deep learning has been receiving attention. Deep learning-based weather forecasting has made stunning progress, from various backbone studies using CNN, RNN, and Transformer to training strategies using weather observations datasets with auxiliary inputs. All of this progress has contributed to the field of weather forecasting; however, many elements and complex structures of deep learning models prevent us from reaching physical interpretations. This paper proposes a SImple baseline with a spatiotemporal context Aggregation Network (SIANet) that achieved state-of-the-art in 4 parts of 5 benchmarks of W4C22. This simple but efficient structure uses only satellite images and CNNs in an end-to-end fashion without using a multi-model ensemble or fine-tuning. This simplicity of SIANet can be used as a solid baseline that can be easily applied in weather forecasting using deep learning.

Traversability estimation for mobile robots in off-road environments requires more than conventional semantic segmentation used in constrained environments like on-road conditions. Recently, approaches to learning a traversability estimation from past driving experiences in a self-supervised manner are arising as they can significantly reduce human labeling costs and labeling errors. However, the self-supervised data only provide supervision for the actually traversed regions, inducing epistemic uncertainty according to the scarcity of negative information. Negative data are rarely harvested as the system can be severely damaged while logging the data. To mitigate the uncertainty, we introduce a deep metric learning-based method to incorporate unlabeled data with a few positive and negative prototypes in order to leverage the uncertainty, which jointly learns using semantic segmentation and traversability regression. To firmly evaluate the proposed framework, we introduce a new evaluation metric that comprehensively evaluates the segmentation and regression. Additionally, we construct a driving dataset `Dtrail' in off-road environments with a mobile robot platform, which is composed of a wide variety of negative data. We examine our method on Dtrail as well as the publicly available SemanticKITTI dataset.