本文总结了自动驾驶场景中流行的基于锚的探测器的模型改进和推理时间优化。根据专为通用检测场景而设计的高性能RCNN-RS和Verinanet-RS检测框架，我们研究了一组框架改进，以适应探测器以更好地检测人群场景中的小物体。然后，我们通过扩展输入分辨率和模型大小来提出模型缩放策略，以实现更好的速度准确性权衡曲线。我们在Waymo Open数据集（WOD）的实时2D检测轨道上评估了模型家庭。在V100 GPU的70毫秒/帧延迟约束中，我们最大的Cascade RCNN-RS型号可实现76.9％AP/L1和70.1％AP/L2，在WOD实时2D检测中获得新的最新技术。我们最快的视网膜RS模型达到6.3 ms/帧，同时保持合理的检测精度为50.7％AP/L1和42.9％AP/L2。

近期和快速转变为大流行迅速的数字学习，也受到数字工具和平台无处不在的可用性的影响，使数字学习更加接近。扩展数字学习和教学中最困难的部分中的一个积分和一个是能够评估学习者的知识和能力。教育者可以录制讲座或创造数字内容，可以传递到数千名学习者，但评估学习者是非常耗时的。在本文中，我们提出了基于人工智能（AI）的解决方案，即VidVersityQG，用于自动从预先记录的视频讲座产生问题。基于从视频推断的上下文和语义信息，该解决方案可以自动生成不同类型的评估问题（包括短答案，多项选择，真/假并填写空白问题）。所提出的解决方案采用以人为本的方法，其中教师提供了修改/编辑任何AI生成的问题的能力。这种方法鼓励教师参与教育的使用和实施教育。评估了基于AI的解决方案，以便通过我们的行业合作伙伴Vidversity提供给我们的多个域名的经验丰富的教学专业人员和117名教育视频的准确性。 VidVersityQG解决方案显示有希望自动从视频产生高质量问题，从而大大减少了在手动问题中为教育工作者的时间和精力。

寻找专家在推动成功的合作和加快高质量研究开发和创新方面起着至关重要的作用。但是，科学出版物和数字专业知识的快速增长使确定合适的专家是一个具有挑战性的问题。根据向量空间模型，文档语言模型和基于图形的模型，可以将寻找给定主题的专家的现有方法分类为信息检索技术。在本文中，我们建议$ \ textit {expfinder} $，一种用于专家发现的新合奏模型，该模型集成了一种新颖的$ n $ gram-gram vector空间模型，称为$ n $ vsm和基于图的模型，并表示作为$ \ textit {$ \ mu $ co-hits} $，这是共同算法的拟议变体。 $ n $ vsm的关键是利用$ n $ gram单词和$ \ textIt {expfinder} $ compriese $ n $ vsm的最新反向文档频率加权方法中的实现专家发现。与六个不同的专家发现模型相比，我们在四个不同的数据集上全面评估$ \ textit {expfinder} $。评估结果表明，$ \ textit {expfinder} $是专家发现的高效模型，显着优于19％至160.2％的所有比较模型。

Modern deep neural networks have achieved superhuman performance in tasks from image classification to game play. Surprisingly, these various complex systems with massive amounts of parameters exhibit the same remarkable structural properties in their last-layer features and classifiers across canonical datasets. This phenomenon is known as "Neural Collapse," and it was discovered empirically by Papyan et al. \cite{Papyan20}. Recent papers have theoretically shown the global solutions to the training network problem under a simplified "unconstrained feature model" exhibiting this phenomenon. We take a step further and prove the Neural Collapse occurrence for deep linear network for the popular mean squared error (MSE) and cross entropy (CE) loss. Furthermore, we extend our research to imbalanced data for MSE loss and present the first geometric analysis for Neural Collapse under this setting.

This study proposes an approach for establishing an optimal multihop ad-hoc network using multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to provide emergency communication in disaster areas. The approach includes two stages, one uses particle swarm optimization (PSO) to find optimal positions to deploy UAVs, and the other uses a behavior-based controller to navigate the UAVs to their assigned positions without colliding with obstacles in an unknown environment. Several constraints related to the UAVs' sensing and communication ranges have been imposed to ensure the applicability of the proposed approach in real-world scenarios. A number of simulation experiments with data loaded from real environments have been conducted. The results show that our proposed approach is not only successful in establishing multihop ad-hoc routes but also meets the requirements for real-time deployment of UAVs.

We introduce an approach for the answer-aware question generation problem. Instead of only relying on the capability of strong pre-trained language models, we observe that the information of answers and questions can be found in some relevant sentences in the context. Based on that, we design a model which includes two modules: a selector and a generator. The selector forces the model to more focus on relevant sentences regarding an answer to provide implicit local information. The generator generates questions by implicitly combining local information from the selector and global information from the whole context encoded by the encoder. The model is trained jointly to take advantage of latent interactions between the two modules. Experimental results on two benchmark datasets show that our model is better than strong pre-trained models for the question generation task. The code is also available (shorturl.at/lV567).

2048 is a single-player stochastic puzzle game. This intriguing and addictive game has been popular worldwide and has attracted researchers to develop game-playing programs. Due to its simplicity and complexity, 2048 has become an interesting and challenging platform for evaluating the effectiveness of machine learning methods. This dissertation conducts comprehensive research on reinforcement learning and computer game algorithms for 2048. First, this dissertation proposes optimistic temporal difference learning, which significantly improves the quality of learning by employing optimistic initialization to encourage exploration for 2048. Furthermore, based on this approach, a state-of-the-art program for 2048 is developed, which achieves the highest performance among all learning-based programs, namely an average score of 625377 points and a rate of 72% for reaching 32768-tiles. Second, this dissertation investigates several techniques related to 2048, including the n-tuple network ensemble learning, Monte Carlo tree search, and deep reinforcement learning. These techniques are promising for further improving the performance of the current state-of-the-art program. Finally, this dissertation discusses pedagogical applications related to 2048 by proposing course designs and summarizing the teaching experience. The proposed course designs use 2048-like games as materials for beginners to learn reinforcement learning and computer game algorithms. The courses have been successfully applied to graduate-level students and received well by student feedback.

Automatically estimating 3D skeleton, shape, camera viewpoints, and part articulation from sparse in-the-wild image ensembles is a severely under-constrained and challenging problem. Most prior methods rely on large-scale image datasets, dense temporal correspondence, or human annotations like camera pose, 2D keypoints, and shape templates. We propose Hi-LASSIE, which performs 3D articulated reconstruction from only 20-30 online images in the wild without any user-defined shape or skeleton templates. We follow the recent work of LASSIE that tackles a similar problem setting and make two significant advances. First, instead of relying on a manually annotated 3D skeleton, we automatically estimate a class-specific skeleton from the selected reference image. Second, we improve the shape reconstructions with novel instance-specific optimization strategies that allow reconstructions to faithful fit on each instance while preserving the class-specific priors learned across all images. Experiments on in-the-wild image ensembles show that Hi-LASSIE obtains higher quality state-of-the-art 3D reconstructions despite requiring minimum user input.

The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps.

This paper aims to improve the Warping Planer Object Detection Network (WPOD-Net) using feature engineering to increase accuracy. What problems are solved using the Warping Object Detection Network using feature engineering? More specifically, we think that it makes sense to add knowledge about edges in the image to enhance the information for determining the license plate contour of the original WPOD-Net model. The Sobel filter has been selected experimentally and acts as a Convolutional Neural Network layer, the edge information is combined with the old information of the original network to create the final embedding vector. The proposed model was compared with the original model on a set of data that we collected for evaluation. The results are evaluated through the Quadrilateral Intersection over Union value and demonstrate that the model has a significant improvement in performance.