歧管散射变换是用于在Riemannian歧管上定义的数据的深度提取器。它是将类似卷积神经网络的操作员扩展到一般流形的第一个例子之一。该模型的初始工作主要集中在其理论稳定性和不变性属性上，但没有为其数值实现提供方法，除非具有预定义的网格的二维表面。在这项工作中，我们根据扩散图的理论提出实用方案，以实现在自然主义系统（例如单细胞遗传学）中产生的流形散射转换，其中数据是一个高度点云，该云是模仿躺在上面的高维点云。低维歧管。我们证明我们的方法对于信号分类和多种分类任务有效。

散射变换是一种基于小波的多层转换，最初是作为卷积神经网络（CNN）的模型引入的，它在我们对这些网络稳定性和不变性属性的理解中发挥了基础作用。随后，人们普遍兴趣将CNN的成功扩展到具有非欧盟结构的数据集，例如图形和歧管，从而导致了几何深度学习的新兴领域。为了提高我们对这个新领域中使用的体系结构的理解，几篇论文提出了对非欧几里得数据结构（如无方向的图形和紧凑的Riemannian歧管）的散射转换的概括。在本文中，我们介绍了一个通用的统一模型，用于测量空间上的几何散射。我们提出的框架包括以前的几何散射作品作为特殊情况，但也适用于更通用的设置，例如有向图，签名图和带边界的歧管。我们提出了一个新标准，该标准可以识别哪些有用表示应该不变的组，并表明该标准足以确保散射变换具有理想的稳定性和不变性属性。此外，我们考虑从随机采样未知歧管获得的有限度量空间。我们提出了两种构造数据驱动图的方法，在该图上相关的图形散射转换近似于基础歧管上的散射变换。此外，我们使用基于扩散图的方法来证明这些近似值之一的收敛速率的定量估计值，因为样品点的数量趋向于无穷大。最后，我们在球形图像，有向图和高维单细胞数据上展示了方法的实用性。

人工智能（AI）系统在接下来的几十年中有很大的希望可以改善医疗保健。具体而言，利用多个数据源和输入模式的AI系统有望成为一种可行的方法，可以在广泛的应用程序中提供更准确的结果和可部署的管道。在这项工作中，我们提出并评估一个统一的医学中的整体AI（HAIM）框架，以促进利用多模式输入的AI系统的生成和测试。我们的方法使用可通用的数据预处理和机器学习建模阶段，可以很容易地适应医疗保健环境中的研究和部署。我们通过训练和表征基于MIMIC-IV-MM的14,324个独立模型来评估我们的HAIM框架，该模型是一种多模式临床数据库（n = 34,537个样本），其中包含7,279个独特的住院和6,485名患者，涵盖了4个数据模态的所有可能输入组合（即，所有可能的输入组合）表格，时间序列，文本和图像），11个独特的数据源和12个预测任务。我们表明，该框架可以始终如一地生产出在各种医疗保健示范中超过相似的单源方法的模型（乘以6-33％），包括10种不同的胸部病理学诊断，以及休息时间和48小时的死亡率预测。我们还使用Shapley值量化了每种模式和数据源的贡献，这证明了数据类型重要性的异质性以及在不同医疗保健相关的任务中多模式输入的必要性。我们的整体医学AI（HAIM）框架的可推广性能和灵活性可以为未来的临床和运营医疗环境中的多模式预测系统提供有希望的途径。

The recent increase in public and academic interest in preserving biodiversity has led to the growth of the field of conservation technology. This field involves designing and constructing tools that utilize technology to aid in the conservation of wildlife. In this article, we will use case studies to demonstrate the importance of designing conservation tools with human-wildlife interaction in mind and provide a framework for creating successful tools. These case studies include a range of complexities, from simple cat collars to machine learning and game theory methodologies. Our goal is to introduce and inform current and future researchers in the field of conservation technology and provide references for educating the next generation of conservation technologists. Conservation technology not only has the potential to benefit biodiversity but also has broader impacts on fields such as sustainability and environmental protection. By using innovative technologies to address conservation challenges, we can find more effective and efficient solutions to protect and preserve our planet's resources.

A Digital Twin (DT) is a simulation of a physical system that provides information to make decisions that add economic, social or commercial value. The behaviour of a physical system changes over time, a DT must therefore be continually updated with data from the physical systems to reflect its changing behaviour. For resource-constrained systems, updating a DT is non-trivial because of challenges such as on-board learning and the off-board data transfer. This paper presents a framework for updating data-driven DTs of resource-constrained systems geared towards system health monitoring. The proposed solution consists of: (1) an on-board system running a light-weight DT allowing the prioritisation and parsimonious transfer of data generated by the physical system; and (2) off-board robust updating of the DT and detection of anomalous behaviours. Two case studies are considered using a production gas turbine engine system to demonstrate the digital representation accuracy for real-world, time-varying physical systems.

We consider infinite horizon Markov decision processes (MDPs) with fast-slow structure, meaning that certain parts of the state space move "fast" (and in a sense, are more influential) while other parts transition more "slowly." Such structure is common in real-world problems where sequential decisions need to be made at high frequencies, yet information that varies at a slower timescale also influences the optimal policy. Examples include: (1) service allocation for a multi-class queue with (slowly varying) stochastic costs, (2) a restless multi-armed bandit with an environmental state, and (3) energy demand response, where both day-ahead and real-time prices play a role in the firm's revenue. Models that fully capture these problems often result in MDPs with large state spaces and large effective time horizons (due to frequent decisions), rendering them computationally intractable. We propose an approximate dynamic programming algorithmic framework based on the idea of "freezing" the slow states, solving a set of simpler finite-horizon MDPs (the lower-level MDPs), and applying value iteration (VI) to an auxiliary MDP that transitions on a slower timescale (the upper-level MDP). We also extend the technique to a function approximation setting, where a feature-based linear architecture is used. On the theoretical side, we analyze the regret incurred by each variant of our frozen-state approach. Finally, we give empirical evidence that the frozen-state approach generates effective policies using just a fraction of the computational cost, while illustrating that simply omitting slow states from the decision modeling is often not a viable heuristic.

While the capabilities of autonomous systems have been steadily improving in recent years, these systems still struggle to rapidly explore previously unknown environments without the aid of GPS-assisted navigation. The DARPA Subterranean (SubT) Challenge aimed to fast track the development of autonomous exploration systems by evaluating their performance in real-world underground search-and-rescue scenarios. Subterranean environments present a plethora of challenges for robotic systems, such as limited communications, complex topology, visually-degraded sensing, and harsh terrain. The presented solution enables long-term autonomy with minimal human supervision by combining a powerful and independent single-agent autonomy stack, with higher level mission management operating over a flexible mesh network. The autonomy suite deployed on quadruped and wheeled robots was fully independent, freeing the human supervision to loosely supervise the mission and make high-impact strategic decisions. We also discuss lessons learned from fielding our system at the SubT Final Event, relating to vehicle versatility, system adaptability, and re-configurable communications.

Machine learning is the dominant approach to artificial intelligence, through which computers learn from data and experience. In the framework of supervised learning, for a computer to learn from data accurately and efficiently, some auxiliary information about the data distribution and target function should be provided to it through the learning model. This notion of auxiliary information relates to the concept of regularization in statistical learning theory. A common feature among real-world datasets is that data domains are multiscale and target functions are well-behaved and smooth. In this paper, we propose a learning model that exploits this multiscale data structure and discuss its statistical and computational benefits. The hierarchical learning model is inspired by the logical and progressive easy-to-hard learning mechanism of human beings and has interpretable levels. The model apportions computational resources according to the complexity of data instances and target functions. This property can have multiple benefits, including higher inference speed and computational savings in training a model for many users or when training is interrupted. We provide a statistical analysis of the learning mechanism using multiscale entropies and show that it can yield significantly stronger guarantees than uniform convergence bounds.

Implicit Neural Representations (INR) have recently shown to be powerful tool for high-quality video compression. However, existing works are limiting as they do not explicitly exploit the temporal redundancy in videos, leading to a long encoding time. Additionally, these methods have fixed architectures which do not scale to longer videos or higher resolutions. To address these issues, we propose NIRVANA, which treats videos as groups of frames and fits separate networks to each group performing patch-wise prediction. This design shares computation within each group, in the spatial and temporal dimensions, resulting in reduced encoding time of the video. The video representation is modeled autoregressively, with networks fit on a current group initialized using weights from the previous group's model. To further enhance efficiency, we perform quantization of the network parameters during training, requiring no post-hoc pruning or quantization. When compared with previous works on the benchmark UVG dataset, NIRVANA improves encoding quality from 37.36 to 37.70 (in terms of PSNR) and the encoding speed by 12X, while maintaining the same compression rate. In contrast to prior video INR works which struggle with larger resolution and longer videos, we show that our algorithm is highly flexible and scales naturally due to its patch-wise and autoregressive designs. Moreover, our method achieves variable bitrate compression by adapting to videos with varying inter-frame motion. NIRVANA achieves 6X decoding speed and scales well with more GPUs, making it practical for various deployment scenarios.

Recent advances in upper limb prostheses have led to significant improvements in the number of movements provided by the robotic limb. However, the method for controlling multiple degrees of freedom via user-generated signals remains challenging. To address this issue, various machine learning controllers have been developed to better predict movement intent. As these controllers become more intelligent and take on more autonomy in the system, the traditional approach of representing the human-machine interface as a human controlling a tool becomes limiting. One possible approach to improve the understanding of these interfaces is to model them as collaborative, multi-agent systems through the lens of joint action. The field of joint action has been commonly applied to two human partners who are trying to work jointly together to achieve a task, such as singing or moving a table together, by effecting coordinated change in their shared environment. In this work, we compare different prosthesis controllers (proportional electromyography with sequential switching, pattern recognition, and adaptive switching) in terms of how they present the hallmarks of joint action. The results of the comparison lead to a new perspective for understanding how existing myoelectric systems relate to each other, along with recommendations for how to improve these systems by increasing the collaborative communication between each partner.