This paper describes the PASH participation in TREC 2021 Deep Learning Track. In the recall stage, we adopt a scheme combining sparse and dense retrieval method. In the multi-stage ranking phase, point-wise and pair-wise ranking strategies are used one after another based on model continual pre-trained on general knowledge and document-level data. Compared to TREC 2020 Deep Learning Track, we have additionally introduced the generative model T5 to further enhance the performance.

抗癌药物的发现是偶然的，我们试图介绍开放的分子图学习基准，称为Cantidrug4cancer，这是一个具有挑战性且逼真的基准数据集，可促进可扩展，健壮和可重复的图形机器学习用于抗癌药物发现的机器学习研究。候选物4CANCER数据集涵盖了多个最多的癌症靶标，涵盖了54869个与癌症相关的药物分子，其范围从临床前，临床和FDA批准的范围内。除了构建数据集外，我们还使用描述符和表达性图神经网络进行了有效的药物靶点相互作用（DTI）预测基准的基准实验。实验结果表明，候选物4Cancer在实际应用中对学习分子图和目标提出了重大挑战，这表明将来有机会开发用于治疗癌症的候选药物的研究。

在像地震等自然灾害后建立损伤检测对于启动有效的应急行动至关重要。远程感测的非常高空间分辨率（VHR）图像可以提供由于它们具有高几何精度的受影响建筑物的能力而提供重要信息。已经开发出许多方法来检测由于地震因地震而受损的建筑物。但是，使用深神经网络（DNN）已经支付了利用VHR图像中所代表的丰富的功能。本文提出了一种基于DNN和改进的分段方法的新型超像素的方法，从VHR图像中检测损坏的建筑物。首先，扩展了修改的快速扫描和自适应合并方法以创建初始过分分割。其次，基于相邻图（RAG）的区域合并段，被认为是由局部二进制模式（LBP）纹理，光谱和形状特征组成的改进的语义相似性标准。第三，呈现了使用堆叠的去噪自动编码器的预训练的DNN，称为SDAE-DNN，以利用丰富的语义特征来构建损坏检测。 SDAE-DNN的深层特征抽象可以通过学习更多内在和鉴别特征来提高检测精度，这使得使用最先进的替代分类器的其他方法表现优于其他方法。我们展示了我们在尼泊尔Bhaktapur的复杂城市地区使用WorldView-2图像的方法的可行性和有效性，这是受2015年4月25日的尼泊尔地震影响的。

自我监督的学习逐渐被出现为一种强大的图形表示学习技术。然而，在图表数据上进行可转换，概括和强大的表示学习仍然是对预训练图形神经网络的挑战。在本文中，我们提出了一种简单有效的自我监督的自我监督的预训练策略，命名为成对半图歧视（PHD），明确地预先在图形级别进行了图形神经网络。 PHD被设计为简单的二进制分类任务，以辨别两个半图是否来自同一源。实验表明，博士学位是一种有效的预训练策略，与最先进的策略相比，在13图分类任务上提供了可比或优越的性能，并在与节点级策略结合时实现了显着的改进。此外，所学习代表的可视化透露，博士策略确实赋予了模型来学习像分子支架等图形级知识。这些结果已将博士学位作为图形级别代表学习中的强大有效的自我监督的学习策略。

Driven by improved architectures and better representation learning frameworks, the field of visual recognition has enjoyed rapid modernization and performance boost in the early 2020s. For example, modern ConvNets, represented by ConvNeXt, have demonstrated strong performance in various scenarios. While these models were originally designed for supervised learning with ImageNet labels, they can also potentially benefit from self-supervised learning techniques such as masked autoencoders (MAE). However, we found that simply combining these two approaches leads to subpar performance. In this paper, we propose a fully convolutional masked autoencoder framework and a new Global Response Normalization (GRN) layer that can be added to the ConvNeXt architecture to enhance inter-channel feature competition. This co-design of self-supervised learning techniques and architectural improvement results in a new model family called ConvNeXt V2, which significantly improves the performance of pure ConvNets on various recognition benchmarks, including ImageNet classification, COCO detection, and ADE20K segmentation. We also provide pre-trained ConvNeXt V2 models of various sizes, ranging from an efficient 3.7M-parameter Atto model with 76.7% top-1 accuracy on ImageNet, to a 650M Huge model that achieves a state-of-the-art 88.9% accuracy using only public training data.

A step-search sequential quadratic programming method is proposed for solving nonlinear equality constrained stochastic optimization problems. It is assumed that constraint function values and derivatives are available, but only stochastic approximations of the objective function and its associated derivatives can be computed via inexact probabilistic zeroth- and first-order oracles. Under reasonable assumptions, a high-probability bound on the iteration complexity of the algorithm to approximate first-order stationarity is derived. Numerical results on standard nonlinear optimization test problems illustrate the advantages and limitations of our proposed method.

Masked image modeling (MIM) has shown great promise for self-supervised learning (SSL) yet been criticized for learning inefficiency. We believe the insufficient utilization of training signals should be responsible. To alleviate this issue, we introduce a conceptually simple yet learning-efficient MIM training scheme, termed Disjoint Masking with Joint Distillation (DMJD). For disjoint masking (DM), we sequentially sample multiple masked views per image in a mini-batch with the disjoint regulation to raise the usage of tokens for reconstruction in each image while keeping the masking rate of each view. For joint distillation (JD), we adopt a dual branch architecture to respectively predict invisible (masked) and visible (unmasked) tokens with superior learning targets. Rooting in orthogonal perspectives for training efficiency improvement, DM and JD cooperatively accelerate the training convergence yet not sacrificing the model generalization ability. Concretely, DM can train ViT with half of the effective training epochs (3.7 times less time-consuming) to report competitive performance. With JD, our DMJD clearly improves the linear probing classification accuracy over ConvMAE by 5.8%. On fine-grained downstream tasks like semantic segmentation, object detection, etc., our DMJD also presents superior generalization compared with state-of-the-art SSL methods. The code and model will be made public at https://github.com/mx-mark/DMJD.

Considering the computation complexity, we propose a Guided Hybrid Quantization with One-to-one Self-Teaching (GHOST}) framework. More concretely, we first design a structure called guided quantization self-distillation (GQSD), which is an innovative idea for realizing lightweight through the synergy of quantization and distillation. The training process of the quantization model is guided by its full-precision model, which is time-saving and cost-saving without preparing a huge pre-trained model in advance. Second, we put forward a hybrid quantization (HQ) module to obtain the optimal bit width automatically under a constrained condition where a threshold for distribution distance between the center and samples is applied in the weight value search space. Third, in order to improve information transformation, we propose a one-to-one self-teaching (OST) module to give the student network a ability of self-judgment. A switch control machine (SCM) builds a bridge between the student network and teacher network in the same location to help the teacher to reduce wrong guidance and impart vital knowledge to the student. This distillation method allows a model to learn from itself and gain substantial improvement without any additional supervision. Extensive experiments on a multimodal dataset (VEDAI) and single-modality datasets (DOTA, NWPU, and DIOR) show that object detection based on GHOST outperforms the existing detectors. The tiny parameters (<9.7 MB) and Bit-Operations (BOPs) (<2158 G) compared with any remote sensing-based, lightweight or distillation-based algorithms demonstrate the superiority in the lightweight design domain. Our code and model will be released at https://github.com/icey-zhang/GHOST.

Automatic font generation without human experts is a practical and significant problem, especially for some languages that consist of a large number of characters. Existing methods for font generation are often in supervised learning. They require a large number of paired data, which are labor-intensive and expensive to collect. In contrast, common unsupervised image-to-image translation methods are not applicable to font generation, as they often define style as the set of textures and colors. In this work, we propose a robust deformable generative network for unsupervised font generation (abbreviated as DGFont++). We introduce a feature deformation skip connection (FDSC) to learn local patterns and geometric transformations between fonts. The FDSC predicts pairs of displacement maps and employs the predicted maps to apply deformable convolution to the low-level content feature maps. The outputs of FDSC are fed into a mixer to generate final results. Moreover, we introduce contrastive self-supervised learning to learn a robust style representation for fonts by understanding the similarity and dissimilarities of fonts. To distinguish different styles, we train our model with a multi-task discriminator, which ensures that each style can be discriminated independently. In addition to adversarial loss, another two reconstruction losses are adopted to constrain the domain-invariant characteristics between generated images and content images. Taking advantage of FDSC and the adopted loss functions, our model is able to maintain spatial information and generates high-quality character images in an unsupervised manner. Experiments demonstrate that our model is able to generate character images of higher quality than state-of-the-art methods.

Gaze estimation is the fundamental basis for many visual tasks. Yet, the high cost of acquiring gaze datasets with 3D annotations hinders the optimization and application of gaze estimation models. In this work, we propose a novel Head-Eye redirection parametric model based on Neural Radiance Field, which allows dense gaze data generation with view consistency and accurate gaze direction. Moreover, our head-eye redirection parametric model can decouple the face and eyes for separate neural rendering, so it can achieve the purpose of separately controlling the attributes of the face, identity, illumination, and eye gaze direction. Thus diverse 3D-aware gaze datasets could be obtained by manipulating the latent code belonging to different face attributions in an unsupervised manner. Extensive experiments on several benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in domain generalization and domain adaptation for gaze estimation tasks.