Artificial intelligence (AI) has enormous potential to improve Air Force pilot training by providing actionable feedback to pilot trainees on the quality of their maneuvers and enabling instructor-less flying familiarization for early-stage trainees in low-cost simulators. Historically, AI challenges consisting of data, problem descriptions, and example code have been critical to fueling AI breakthroughs. The Department of the Air Force-Massachusetts Institute of Technology AI Accelerator (DAF-MIT AI Accelerator) developed such an AI challenge using real-world Air Force flight simulator data. The Maneuver ID challenge assembled thousands of virtual reality simulator flight recordings collected by actual Air Force student pilots at Pilot Training Next (PTN). This dataset has been publicly released at Maneuver-ID.mit.edu and represents the first of its kind public release of USAF flight training data. Using this dataset, we have applied a variety of AI methods to separate "good" vs "bad" simulator data and categorize and characterize maneuvers. These data, algorithms, and software are being released as baselines of model performance for others to build upon to enable the AI ecosystem for flight simulator training.

Climate change is becoming one of the greatest challenges to the sustainable development of modern society. Renewable energies with low density greatly complicate the online optimization and control processes, where modern advanced computational technologies, specifically quantum computing, have significant potential to help. In this paper, we discuss applications of quantum computing algorithms toward state-of-the-art smart grid problems. We suggest potential, exponential quantum speedup by the use of the Harrow-Hassidim-Lloyd (HHL) algorithms for sparse matrix inversions in power-flow problems. However, practical implementations of the algorithm are limited by the noise of quantum circuits, the hardness of realizations of quantum random access memories (QRAM), and the depth of the required quantum circuits. We benchmark the hardware and software requirements from the state-of-the-art power-flow algorithms, including QRAM requirements from hybrid phonon-transmon systems, and explicit gate counting used in HHL for explicit realizations. We also develop near-term algorithms of power flow by variational quantum circuits and implement real experiments for 6 qubits with a truncated version of power flows.

Video super-resolution is one of the most popular tasks on mobile devices, being widely used for an automatic improvement of low-bitrate and low-resolution video streams. While numerous solutions have been proposed for this problem, they are usually quite computationally demanding, demonstrating low FPS rates and power efficiency on mobile devices. In this Mobile AI challenge, we address this problem and propose the participants to design an end-to-end real-time video super-resolution solution for mobile NPUs optimized for low energy consumption. The participants were provided with the REDS training dataset containing video sequences for a 4X video upscaling task. The runtime and power efficiency of all models was evaluated on the powerful MediaTek Dimensity 9000 platform with a dedicated AI processing unit capable of accelerating floating-point and quantized neural networks. All proposed solutions are fully compatible with the above NPU, demonstrating an up to 500 FPS rate and 0.2 [Watt / 30 FPS] power consumption. A detailed description of all models developed in the challenge is provided in this paper.

Image super-resolution is a common task on mobile and IoT devices, where one often needs to upscale and enhance low-resolution images and video frames. While numerous solutions have been proposed for this problem in the past, they are usually not compatible with low-power mobile NPUs having many computational and memory constraints. In this Mobile AI challenge, we address this problem and propose the participants to design an efficient quantized image super-resolution solution that can demonstrate a real-time performance on mobile NPUs. The participants were provided with the DIV2K dataset and trained INT8 models to do a high-quality 3X image upscaling. The runtime of all models was evaluated on the Synaptics VS680 Smart Home board with a dedicated edge NPU capable of accelerating quantized neural networks. All proposed solutions are fully compatible with the above NPU, demonstrating an up to 60 FPS rate when reconstructing Full HD resolution images. A detailed description of all models developed in the challenge is provided in this paper.

Robotic force-based compliance control is a preferred approach to achieve high-precision assembly tasks. When the geometric features of assembly objects are asymmetric or irregular, reinforcement learning (RL) agents are gradually incorporated into the compliance controller to adapt to complex force-pose mapping which is hard to model analytically. Since force-pose mapping is strongly dependent on geometric features, a compliance controller is only optimal for current geometric features. To reduce the learning cost of assembly objects with different geometric features, this paper is devoted to answering how to reconfigure existing controllers for new assembly objects with different geometric features. In this paper, model-based parameters are first reconfigured based on the proposed Equivalent Theory of Compliance Law (ETCL). Then the RL agent is transferred based on the proposed Weighted Dimensional Policy Distillation (WDPD) method. The experiment results demonstrate that the control reconfiguration method costs less time and achieves better control performance, which confirms the validity of proposed methods.

人类的姿势估计旨在弄清不同场景中所有人的关键。尽管结果有希望，但目前的方法仍然面临一些挑战。现有的自上而下的方法单独处理一个人，而没有不同的人与所在的场景之间的相互作用。因此，当发生严重闭塞时，人类检测的表现会降低。另一方面，现有的自下而上方法同时考虑所有人，并捕获整个图像的全局知识。但是，由于尺度变化，它们的准确性不如自上而下的方法。为了解决这些问题，我们通过整合自上而下和自下而上的管道来探索不同接受场的视觉线索并实现其互补性，提出了一种新颖的双皮线整合变压器（DPIT）。具体而言，DPIT由两个分支组成，自下而上的分支介绍了整个图像以捕获全局视觉信息，而自上而下的分支则从单人类边界框中提取本地视觉的特征表示。然后，从自下而上和自上而下的分支中提取的特征表示形式被馈入变压器编码器，以交互融合全局和本地知识。此外，我们定义了关键点查询，以探索全景和单人类姿势视觉线索，以实现两个管道的相互互补性。据我们所知，这是将自下而上和自上而下管道与变压器与人类姿势估计的变压器相结合的最早作品之一。关于可可和MPII数据集的广泛实验表明，我们的DPIT与最先进的方法相当。

准确的蛋白质结合亲和力预测在药物设计和许多其他分子识别问题中至关重要。尽管基于机器学习技术的亲和力预测取得了许多进步，但由于蛋白质 - 配体结合取决于原子和分子的动力学，它们仍然受到限制。为此，我们策划了一个包含3,218个动态蛋白质配合物的MD数据集，并进一步开发了DynaFormer，这是一个基于图的深度学习框架。 DynaFormer可以通过考虑相互作用的各种几何特征来完全捕获动态结合规则。我们的方法显示出优于迄今报告的方法。此外，我们通过将模型与基于结构的对接整合在一起，对热休克蛋白90（HSP90）进行了虚拟筛选。我们对其他基线进行了基准测试，表明我们的方法可以鉴定具有最高实验效力的分子。我们预计大规模的MD数据集和机器学习模型将形成新的协同作用，为加速药物发现和优化提供新的途径。

随着技术的快速进步，由于恶意软件活动的增加，安全性已成为一个主要问题，这对计算机系统和利益相关者的安全性和安全性构成了严重威胁。为了维持利益相关者，特别是最终用户的安全，保护数据免受欺诈性努力是最紧迫的问题之一。旨在破坏预期的计算机系统和程序或移动和Web应用程序的一组恶意编程代码，脚本，活动内容或侵入性软件称为恶意软件。根据一项研究，幼稚的用户无法区分恶意和良性应用程序。因此，应设计计算机系统和移动应用程序，以检测恶意活动以保护利益相关者。通过利用包括人工智能，机器学习和深度学习在内的新颖概念，可以使用许多算法来检测恶意软件活动。在这项研究中，我们强调了基于人工智能（AI）的技术来检测和防止恶意软件活动。我们详细介绍了当前的恶意软件检测技术，其缺点以及提高效率的方法。我们的研究表明，采用未来派的方法来开发恶意软件检测应用程序应具有很大的优势。对该综合的理解应帮助研究人员使用AI进行进一步研究恶意软件检测和预防。

语言模型既展示了定量的改进，又展示了新的定性功能，随着规模的增加。尽管它们具有潜在的变革性影响，但这些新能力的特征却很差。为了为未来的研究提供信息，为破坏性的新模型能力做准备，并改善社会有害的效果，至关重要的是，我们必须了解目前和近乎未来的能力和语言模型的局限性。为了应对这一挑战，我们介绍了超越模仿游戏基准（Big Bench）。 Big Bench目前由204个任务组成，由132家机构的442位作者贡献。任务主题是多样的，从语言学，儿童发展，数学，常识性推理，生物学，物理学，社会偏见，软件开发等等。 Big-Bench专注于被认为超出当前语言模型的功能的任务。我们评估了OpenAI的GPT型号，Google内部密集变压器体系结构和大型基础上的开关稀疏变压器的行为，跨越了数百万到数十亿个参数。此外，一个人类专家评估者团队执行了所有任务，以提供强大的基准。研究结果包括：模型性能和校准都随规模改善，但绝对的术语（以及与评估者的性能相比）；在模型类中的性能非常相似，尽管带有稀疏性。逐渐和预测的任务通常涉及大量知识或记忆成分，而在临界规模上表现出“突破性”行为的任务通常涉及多个步骤或组成部分或脆性指标；社交偏见通常会随着含糊不清的环境而随着规模而增加，但这可以通过提示来改善。

深度学习技术在图像压缩中显示出令人鼓舞的结果，并具有竞争性的比特率和图像重建质量。但是，尽管图像压缩已经朝着更高的峰值信噪比（PSNR）和每个像素（BPP）较少的位置发展，但它们对对抗图像的稳健性从未经过审议。在这项工作中，我们首次研究了图像压缩系统的鲁棒性，其中不可察觉的输入图像的扰动会导致其压缩潜在的比特率显着增加。为了表征最先进的图像压缩的鲁棒性，我们安装了白色框和黑框攻击。我们的白框攻击在比特斯流的熵估计中采用快速梯度标志方法作为比特率近似。我们提出了DCT-NET，以建筑简单性和轻量级训练为Black-Box攻击中的替代品，并实现快速的对抗性转移性，以模拟JPEG压缩。我们在六个图像压缩模型上的结果，每个模型具有六个不同的比特率质量（总共36个模型），表明它们令人惊讶地脆弱，其中白盒攻击可达到56.326X和Black-Box 1.947X BPP的变化。为了提高鲁棒性，我们提出了一种新型的压缩体系结构ractatn，它结合了注意模块和一个基本分解的熵模型，从而在对抗性攻击方面的速率延伸性能与鲁棒性之间的有希望的权衡，超过了现有的学术图像压缩机。