由于Covid-19-19疫苗可用，因此没有研究量化不同的灾难疏散策略如何减轻避难所中的大流行风险。因此，我们应用了一个年龄结构化的流行病学模型，称为易感性暴露感染（SEIR）模型，以研究台湾不同的疫苗摄取水平以及在台湾实施的转移方案在多大程度上降低了感染和延迟流行峰值的情况。台湾的转移协议涉及转移因曝光而自我占用的人，从而阻止了他们与集体庇护所的普通公众融合。转移方案，结合足够的疫苗摄取，可以减少相对于没有这种策略的情况，相对于场景，感染的最大数量和延迟爆发。当所有暴露的人的转移是不可能的，或者疫苗的摄取不足时，转移方案仍然很有价值。此外，一组主要由年轻人人口组成的撤离者往往会早日出现大流行峰值，并且在实施转移方案时，多数老年人组的感染比多数老年人多。但是，当不执行转移方案时，多数老年人群体比大多数年轻成人群体高达20％。

Automatic keyword extraction (AKE) has gained more importance with the increasing amount of digital textual data that modern computing systems process. It has various applications in information retrieval (IR) and natural language processing (NLP), including text summarisation, topic analysis and document indexing. This paper proposes a simple but effective post-processing-based universal approach to improve the performance of any AKE methods, via an enhanced level of semantic-awareness supported by PoS-tagging. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach, we considered word types retrieved from a PoS-tagging step and two representative sources of semantic information -- specialised terms defined in one or more context-dependent thesauri, and named entities in Wikipedia. The above three steps can be simply added to the end of any AKE methods as part of a post-processor, which simply re-evaluate all candidate keywords following some context-specific and semantic-aware criteria. For five state-of-the-art (SOTA) AKE methods, our experimental results with 17 selected datasets showed that the proposed approach improved their performances both consistently (up to 100\% in terms of improved cases) and significantly (between 10.2\% and 53.8\%, with an average of 25.8\%, in terms of F1-score and across all five methods), especially when all the three enhancement steps are used. Our results have profound implications considering the ease to apply our proposed approach to any AKE methods and to further extend it.

先前的工作表明，单词在语音维度上是超级定义的，这些语音将它们与最小对竞争者区分开来。该现象已称为对比度超颗粒（CH）。我们提出了语音发作时间（fot）计划的动态神经场（DNF）模型，该模型从最小对竞争者的抑制作用中得出了CH。我们通过一项新的实验来测试模型的一些预测，该实验研究了伪金中无声的停止辅音CH。结果证明了伪造中的CH效应，这与实时计划和语音生产的效果的基础一致。与CH相比，用真实的词降低了伪金中CH的范围和大小，这与词汇和语音计划之间的互动激活的作用一致。我们讨论了模型统一一组明显不同现象的潜力，从CH到语音邻域效应到语音误差中的语音痕量效应。

本文描述了目前在为机器人开发道德体系结构方面的进展，该机器人旨在遵循人类的道德决策过程。我们对普通成年人（人）和道德专家（专家）进行了调查，以在两种特定情况下认为是道德行为：与老年人进行药丸和与孩子一起玩游戏。调查的关键目标是更好地了解人类的道德决策。在第一次调查中，民间回应是基于主题的道德选择（“民间道德”）。在第二次调查中，专家响应是基于专家在每种情况下使用不同形式的道德框架的应用。我们观察到，我们在调查中纳入的大多数正式伦理框架（功利主义，康德伦理，护理和美德伦理伦理）和“民间道德”和“民间道德”在高风险的任务中与老年人一起在高风险任务中保守孩子的表现不足。

Current research on users` perspectives of cyber security and privacy related to traditional and smart devices at home is very active, but the focus is often more on specific modern devices such as mobile and smart IoT devices in a home context. In addition, most were based on smaller-scale empirical studies such as online surveys and interviews. We endeavour to fill these research gaps by conducting a larger-scale study based on a real-world dataset of 413,985 tweets posted by non-expert users on Twitter in six months of three consecutive years (January and February in 2019, 2020 and 2021). Two machine learning-based classifiers were developed to identify the 413,985 tweets. We analysed this dataset to understand non-expert users` cyber security and privacy perspectives, including the yearly trend and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. We applied topic modelling, sentiment analysis and qualitative analysis of selected tweets in the dataset, leading to various interesting findings. For instance, we observed a 54% increase in non-expert users` tweets on cyber security and/or privacy related topics in 2021, compared to before the start of global COVID-19 lockdowns (January 2019 to February 2020). We also observed an increased level of help-seeking tweets during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our analysis revealed a diverse range of topics discussed by non-expert users across the three years, including VPNs, Wi-Fi, smartphones, laptops, smart home devices, financial security, and security and privacy issues involving different stakeholders. Overall negative sentiment was observed across almost all topics non-expert users discussed on Twitter in all the three years. Our results confirm the multi-faceted nature of non-expert users` perspectives on cyber security and privacy and call for more holistic, comprehensive and nuanced research on different facets of such perspectives.

了解潮汐能流中鱼类的丰度和分布对于评估通过向栖息地引入潮汐能设备所带来的风险很重要。但是，适合潮汐能的潮汐电流流量通常是高度湍流的，这使回声器数据的解释变得复杂。必须从用于生物分析的数据中排除受夹带空气回报污染的水柱的部分。应用单个常规算法来识别夹带的空气的深度不足，对于不连续，深度动态，多孔的边界而言，随着潮流流速而变化。使用Fundy湾的潮汐能示威场所进行的案例研究，我们描述了具有基于U-NET的体系结构的深机学习模型的开发和应用。我们的模型Echofilter对湍流条件的动态范围高度响应，并且对边界位置的细微差别敏感，产生了夹带的空气边界线，在移动下降方面的平均误差为0.33亿，并且在移动下降范围内为0.5-1.5-1.0m关于固定的上调数据，不到现有算法解决方案的一半。该模型的整体注释与人类细分有很高的一致性，移动下降记录的联合会得分为99％，而固定的上方录音记录为92-95％。与手动编辑当前可用算法所需的线路位置所需的时间相比，手动编辑所需的时间减少了50％。由于最初的自动放置的改进，模型的实现允许提高线路位置的标准化和可重复性。

超越地球轨道的人类空间勘探将涉及大量距离和持续时间的任务。为了有效减轻无数空间健康危害，数据和空间健康系统的范式转移是实现地球独立性的，而不是Earth-Reliance所必需的。有希望在生物学和健康的人工智能和机器学习领域的发展可以解决这些需求。我们提出了一个适当的自主和智能精密空间健康系统，可以监控，汇总和评估生物医学状态;分析和预测个性化不良健康结果;适应并响应新累积的数据;并提供对其船员医务人员的个人深度空间机组人员和迭代决策支持的预防性，可操作和及时的见解。在这里，我们介绍了美国国家航空航天局组织的研讨会的建议摘要，以便在太空生物学和健康中未来的人工智能应用。在未来十年，生物监测技术，生物标志科学，航天器硬件，智能软件和简化的数据管理必须成熟，并编织成精确的空间健康系统，以使人类在深空中茁壮成长。

空间生物学研究旨在了解太空飞行对生物的根本影响，制定支持深度空间探索的基础知识，最终生物工程航天器和栖息地稳定植物，农作物，微生物，动物和人类的生态系统，为持续的多行星寿命稳定。要提高这些目标，该领域利用了来自星空和地下模拟研究的实验，平台，数据和模型生物。由于研究扩展到低地球轨道之外，实验和平台必须是最大自主，光，敏捷和智能化，以加快知识发现。在这里，我们介绍了由美国国家航空航天局的人工智能，机器学习和建模应用程序组织的研讨会的建议摘要，这些应用程序为这些空间生物学挑战提供了关键解决方案。在未来十年中，将人工智能融入太空生物学领域将深化天空效应的生物学理解，促进预测性建模和分析，支持最大自主和可重复的实验，并有效地管理星载数据和元数据，所有目标使生活能够在深空中茁壮成长。

The choice of activation functions and their motivation is a long-standing issue within the neural network community. Neuronal representations within artificial neural networks are commonly understood as logits, representing the log-odds score of presence of features within the stimulus. We derive logit-space operators equivalent to probabilistic Boolean logic-gates AND, OR, and XNOR for independent probabilities. Such theories are important to formalize more complex dendritic operations in real neurons, and these operations can be used as activation functions within a neural network, introducing probabilistic Boolean-logic as the core operation of the neural network. Since these functions involve taking multiple exponents and logarithms, they are computationally expensive and not well suited to be directly used within neural networks. Consequently, we construct efficient approximations named $\text{AND}_\text{AIL}$ (the AND operator Approximate for Independent Logits), $\text{OR}_\text{AIL}$, and $\text{XNOR}_\text{AIL}$, which utilize only comparison and addition operations, have well-behaved gradients, and can be deployed as activation functions in neural networks. Like MaxOut, $\text{AND}_\text{AIL}$ and $\text{OR}_\text{AIL}$ are generalizations of ReLU to two-dimensions. While our primary aim is to formalize dendritic computations within a logit-space probabilistic-Boolean framework, we deploy these new activation functions, both in isolation and in conjunction to demonstrate their effectiveness on a variety of tasks including image classification, transfer learning, abstract reasoning, and compositional zero-shot learning.

The task of reconstructing 3D human motion has wideranging applications. The gold standard Motion capture (MoCap) systems are accurate but inaccessible to the general public due to their cost, hardware and space constraints. In contrast, monocular human mesh recovery (HMR) methods are much more accessible than MoCap as they take single-view videos as inputs. Replacing the multi-view Mo- Cap systems with a monocular HMR method would break the current barriers to collecting accurate 3D motion thus making exciting applications like motion analysis and motiondriven animation accessible to the general public. However, performance of existing HMR methods degrade when the video contains challenging and dynamic motion that is not in existing MoCap datasets used for training. This reduces its appeal as dynamic motion is frequently the target in 3D motion recovery in the aforementioned applications. Our study aims to bridge the gap between monocular HMR and multi-view MoCap systems by leveraging information shared across multiple video instances of the same action. We introduce the Neural Motion (NeMo) field. It is optimized to represent the underlying 3D motions across a set of videos of the same action. Empirically, we show that NeMo can recover 3D motion in sports using videos from the Penn Action dataset, where NeMo outperforms existing HMR methods in terms of 2D keypoint detection. To further validate NeMo using 3D metrics, we collected a small MoCap dataset mimicking actions in Penn Action,and show that NeMo achieves better 3D reconstruction compared to various baselines.