这项工作是在培训生成动作/视频识别模型上,其输出是描述视频的自由形式的特定动作标题(而不是动作类标签)。生成的方法具有实用的优势,例如生产更细粒度和人类可读的产出,并且自然而然地是开放的。为此,我们提议适应视频/动作识别的预先训练的生成视觉和语言(V&L)基础模型。据我们所知,最近有几次尝试适应了用对比度学习(例如剪辑)训练的V&L模型(例如剪辑),但据我们所知,我们提出了第一种设定实现这一目标的方法来实现生成模型的方法。我们首先表明,生成模型的直接微调生产具有严重过度拟合的动作类别。为了减轻这一点,我们介绍了REST,这是一个由两个关键组成部分组成的培训框架:一种无监督的方法,用于通过伪捕获生成和自我训练,将生成模型适应动作/视频,即不使用任何动作特定的标签; (b)基于剪辑的检索方法,用于为每个视频发现一套伪装的伪扣,以训练该模型。重要的是,我们表明这两个组件对于获得高精度都是必要的。我们评估零拍动识别的问题的休息,我们表明,与基于对比的学习方法相比,我们的方法非常有竞争力。代码将可用。
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本文解决了有效的视频识别问题。在这一领域,视频变压器最近在效率(Top-1精度与Flops)频谱中占据了主导地位。同时,在图像域中进行了一些尝试,这些尝试挑战了变压器体系结构中自我发挥操作的必要性,主张使用更简单的方法来进行令牌混合。但是,对于视频识别的情况,尚无结果,在这种情况下,自我发项操作员对效率的影响(与图像的情况相比)明显更高。为了解决这一差距,在本文中,我们做出以下贡献:(a)我们基于移位操作员,构成的仿射偏移块构建了一个高效\&精确的无注意块,专门为尽可能近的近似而设计变压器层的MHSA块中的操作。基于我们的仿射转移块,我们构建了我们的仿射转移变压器,并表明它已经超过了所有现有的基于移位/MLP的架构进行Imagenet分类。 (b)我们将公式扩展到视频域中,以构建视频播客变压器(vast),这是第一个纯粹无注意的基于偏移的视频变压器。 (c)我们表明,对于最流行的动作识别基准,对于具有低计算和内存足迹的模型的情况,大量的最新变压器在最流行的动作识别基准上表现出色。代码将可用。
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通过自学学习的视觉表示是一项极具挑战性的任务,因为网络需要在没有监督提供的主动指导的情况下筛选出相关模式。这是通过大量数据增强,大规模数据集和过量量的计算来实现的。视频自我监督学习(SSL)面临着额外的挑战:视频数据集通常不如图像数据集那么大,计算是一个数量级,并且优化器所必须通过的伪造模式数量乘以几倍。因此,直接从视频数据中学习自我监督的表示可能会导致次优性能。为了解决这个问题,我们建议在视频表示学习框架中利用一个以自我或语言监督为基础的强大模型,并在不依赖视频标记的数据的情况下学习强大的空间和时间信息。为此,我们修改了典型的基于视频的SSL设计和目标,以鼓励视频编码器\ textit {subsume}基于图像模型的语义内容,该模型在通用域上训练。所提出的算法被证明可以更有效地学习(即在较小的时期和较小的批次中),并在单模式SSL方法中对标准下游任务进行了新的最新性能。
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基于自我注意力的模型,例如视觉变压器(VIT),已经成为计算机视觉中卷积神经网络(CNN)的一种非常有竞争力的建筑。尽管越来越高的变体具有更高的识别精度,但由于自我注意力的二次复杂性,现有的VIT通常在计算和模型大小中要求。尽管已重新引入了最近的CNN的几种成功设计选择(例如,卷积和分层多阶段结构)已重新引入最近的VIT,但它们仍然不足以满足移动设备的有限资源要求。这激发了最近根据最先进的Mobilenet-V2开发光线的尝试,但仍然留下了性能差距。在这项工作中,在这个研究不足的方向上进一步推动了Edgevits,这是一个新的轻巧vits家族,这首先使基于注意力的视觉模型能够与最佳轻巧的CNN竞争,这准确性和设备效率。这是通过基于自我注意力和卷积的最佳整合而引入高度成本效益的本地 - 全球局(LGL)信息交换瓶颈来实现的。对于设备青年的评估,我们不再依赖诸如拖船或参数的不准确代理,而是采用一种实用的方法来直接专注于设备延迟,以及首次首次提供能源效率。具体而言,我们表明,当考虑准确性的延迟和准确性 - 能量折衷时,我们的模型是帕累托最佳的,在几乎所有情况下都严格占据了其他VIT并与最有效的CNN竞争的严格优势。代码可从https://github.com/saic-fi/edgevit获得。
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The correct functioning of photovoltaic (PV) cells is critical to ensuring the optimal performance of a solar plant. Anomaly detection techniques for PV cells can result in significant cost savings in operation and maintenance (O&M). Recent research has focused on deep learning techniques for automatically detecting anomalies in Electroluminescence (EL) images. Automated anomaly annotations can improve current O&M methodologies and help develop decision-making systems to extend the life-cycle of the PV cells and predict failures. This paper addresses the lack of anomaly segmentation annotations in the literature by proposing a combination of state-of-the-art data-driven techniques to create a Golden Standard benchmark. The proposed method stands out for (1) its adaptability to new PV cell types, (2) cost-efficient fine-tuning, and (3) leverage public datasets to generate advanced annotations. The methodology has been validated in the annotation of a widely used dataset, obtaining a reduction of the annotation cost by 60%.
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While skin cancer classification has been a popular and valuable deep learning application for years, there has been little consideration of the context in which testing images are taken. Traditional melanoma classifiers rely on the assumption that their testing environments are analogous to the structured images on which they are trained. This paper combats this notion, arguing that mole size, a vital attribute in professional dermatology, is a red herring in automated melanoma detection. Although malignant melanomas are consistently larger than benign melanomas, this distinction proves unreliable and harmful when images cannot be contextually scaled. This implementation builds a custom model that eliminates size as a training feature to prevent overfitting to incorrect parameters. Additionally, random rotation and contrast augmentations are performed to simulate the real-world use of melanoma detection applications. Several custom models with varying forms of data augmentation are implemented to demonstrate the most significant features of the generalization abilities of mole classifiers. These implementations show that user unpredictability is crucial when utilizing such applications. The caution required when manually modifying data is acknowledged, as data loss and biased conclusions are necessary considerations in this process. Additionally, mole size inconsistency and its significance are discussed in both the dermatology and deep learning communities.
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Domain shift is a well-known problem in the medical imaging community. In particular, for endoscopic image analysis where the data can have different modalities the performance of deep learning (DL) methods gets adversely affected. In other words, methods developed on one modality cannot be used for a different modality. However, in real clinical settings, endoscopists switch between modalities for better mucosal visualisation. In this paper, we explore the domain generalisation technique to enable DL methods to be used in such scenarios. To this extend, we propose to use super pixels generated with Simple Linear Iterative Clustering (SLIC) which we refer to as "SUPRA" for SUPeRpixel Augmented method. SUPRA first generates a preliminary segmentation mask making use of our new loss "SLICLoss" that encourages both an accurate and color-consistent segmentation. We demonstrate that SLICLoss when combined with Binary Cross Entropy loss (BCE) can improve the model's generalisability with data that presents significant domain shift. We validate this novel compound loss on a vanilla U-Net using the EndoUDA dataset, which contains images for Barret's Esophagus and polyps from two modalities. We show that our method yields an improvement of nearly 25% in the target domain set compared to the baseline.
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To apply federated learning to drug discovery we developed a novel platform in the context of European Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) project MELLODDY (grant n{\deg}831472), which was comprised of 10 pharmaceutical companies, academic research labs, large industrial companies and startups. The MELLODDY platform was the first industry-scale platform to enable the creation of a global federated model for drug discovery without sharing the confidential data sets of the individual partners. The federated model was trained on the platform by aggregating the gradients of all contributing partners in a cryptographic, secure way following each training iteration. The platform was deployed on an Amazon Web Services (AWS) multi-account architecture running Kubernetes clusters in private subnets. Organisationally, the roles of the different partners were codified as different rights and permissions on the platform and administrated in a decentralized way. The MELLODDY platform generated new scientific discoveries which are described in a companion paper.
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来自光场的大量空间和角度信息允许开发多种差异估计方法。但是,对光场的获取需要高存储和处理成本,从而限制了该技术在实际应用中的使用。为了克服这些缺点,压缩感应(CS)理论使光学体系结构的开发能够获得单个编码的光场测量。该测量是使用需要高计算成本的优化算法或深神经网络来解码的。从压缩光场进行的传统差异估计方法需要首先恢复整个光场,然后再恢复后处理步骤,从而需要长时间。相比之下,这项工作提出了通过省略传统方法所需的恢复步骤来从单个压缩测量中进行快速差异估计。具体而言,我们建议共同优化用于获取单个编码光场快照和卷积神经网络(CNN)的光学体系结构,以估计差异图。在实验上,提出的方法估计了与使用深度学习方法重建的光场相当的差异图。此外,所提出的方法在训练和推理方面的速度比估计重建光场差异的最佳方法要快20倍。
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随着超维数据的大数据分析的最新激增,对机器学习应用程序的降低技术的兴趣重新引起了人们的兴趣。为了使这些方法提高绩效提高并了解基础数据,需要确定适当的指标。此步骤通常被忽略,通常会选择指标,而无需考虑数据的基本几何形状。在本文中,我们提出了一种将弹性指标纳入T分布的随机邻居嵌入(T-SNE)和均匀的歧管近似和投影(UMAP)的方法。我们将方法应用于功能数据,该功能数据以旋转,参数化和比例为特征。如果这些属性被忽略,它们可能会导致不正确的分析和分类性能差。通过我们的方法,我们证明了三个基准数据集(MPEG-7,CAR数据集和Themoor的平面数据集)的形状识别任务的提高,我们分别获得了0.77、0.95和1.00 F1分数。
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