Machine Translation (MT) system generally aims at automatic representation of source language into target language retaining the originality of context using various Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques. Among various NLP methods, Statistical Machine Translation(SMT). SMT uses probabilistic and statistical techniques to analyze information and conversion. This paper canvasses about the development of bilingual SMT models for translating English to fifteen low-resource Indian Languages (ILs) and vice versa. At the outset, all 15 languages are briefed with a short description related to our experimental need. Further, a detailed analysis of Samanantar and OPUS dataset for model building, along with standard benchmark dataset (Flores-200) for fine-tuning and testing, is done as a part of our experiment. Different preprocessing approaches are proposed in this paper to handle the noise of the dataset. To create the system, MOSES open-source SMT toolkit is explored. Distance reordering is utilized with the aim to understand the rules of grammar and context-dependent adjustments through a phrase reordering categorization framework. In our experiment, the quality of the translation is evaluated using standard metrics such as BLEU, METEOR, and RIBES

机器翻译系统（MTS）是通过将文本或语音从一种语言转换为另一种语言的有效工具。在像印度这样的大型多语言环境中，对有效的翻译系统的需求变得显而易见，英语和一套印度语言（ILS）正式使用。与英语相反，由于语料库的不可用，IL仍然被视为低资源语言。为了解决不对称性质，多语言神经机器翻译（MNMT）系统会发展为在这个方向上的理想方法。在本文中，我们提出了一个MNMT系统，以解决与低资源语言翻译有关的问题。我们的模型包括两个MNMT系统，即用于英语印度（一对多），另一个用于指示英语（多一对多），其中包含15个语言对（30个翻译说明）的共享编码器码头。由于大多数IL对具有很少的平行语料库，因此不足以训练任何机器翻译模型。我们探索各种增强策略，以通过建议的模型提高整体翻译质量。最先进的变压器体系结构用于实现所提出的模型。大量数据的试验揭示了其优越性比常规模型的优势。此外，本文解决了语言关系的使用（在方言，脚本等方面），尤其是关于同一家族的高资源语言在提高低资源语言表现方面的作用。此外，实验结果还表明了ILS的倒退和域适应性的优势，以提高源和目标语言的翻译质量。使用所有这些关键方法，我们提出的模型在评估指标方面比基线模型更有效，即一组ILS的BLEU（双语评估研究）得分。

近年来，神经网络已显示出巨大的增长，以解决许多问题。已经引入了各种类型的神经网络来处理不同类型的问题。但是，任何神经网络的主要目标是使用层层次结构将非线性可分离的输入数据转换为更线性可分离的抽象特征。这些层是线性和非线性函数的组合。最流行和常见的非线性层是激活功能（AFS），例如Logistic Sigmoid，Tanh，Relu，Elu，Swish和Mish。在本文中，在神经网络中为AFS提供了全面的概述和调查，以进行深度学习。涵盖了不同类别的AFS，例如Logistic Sigmoid和Tanh，基于RELU，基于ELU和基于学习的AFS。还指出了AFS的几种特征，例如输出范围，单调性和平滑度。在具有不同类型的数据的不同网络的18个最先进的AF中，还进行了性能比较。提出了AFS的见解，以使研究人员受益于进一步的研究和从业者在不同选择中进行选择。用于实验比较的代码发布于：\ url {https://github.com/shivram1987/activationfunctions}。

卷积神经网络（CNN）通常是使用基于随机梯度下降（SGD）优化技术训练的。现有的SGD优化器通常会遭受最小值和最低振荡的过度损失。在本文中，我们提出了一种新方法，以下内容称为Adainject，以将二阶时刻注入一阶时刻，以称为梯度下降优化器。具体而言，参数的短期更改被用作重量，以在更新规则中注入二阶时刻。 Adainject优化器控制参数更新，避免了最小值的过度换档，并减少了最小值接近的振荡。提出的方法本质上是通用的，可以与任何现有的SGD优化器集成。通过直观地解释了Anainject优化器的有效性以及一些玩具示例。我们还显示了拟议的基于注射的优化器的收敛性。此外，我们通过广泛的实验与最新的优化器（即Adaminject，diffgradinject，radaminject和Adabeliefinject在四个基准数据集中）一起描述了ADAIN方法的功效。实验中使用了不同的CNN模型。在CIFAR10数据集上使用resnext29模型，使用diffgradinject Optimizer观察到TOP-1分类错误率$ 16.54 \％$的最高提高。总体而言，我们通过提出的ADAIN方法观察到现有优化器的性能提高非常有希望。该代码可在：\ url {https://github.com/shivram1987/adainject}中获得。

随机梯度体面（SGD）是深神经网络成功背后的核心技术之一。梯度提供有关功能具有最陡变化率的方向的信息。基本SGD的主要问题是通过梯度行为而对所有参数的相等大小的步骤进行更改。因此，深度网络优化的有效方式是为每个参数进行自适应步骤尺寸。最近，已经进行了几次尝试，以改善梯度下降方法，例如Adagrad，Adadelta，RMSProp和Adam。这些方法依赖于平方过去梯度的指数移动平均线的平方根。因此，这些方法不利用梯度的局部变化。在本文中，基于当前和立即梯度（即，差异）之间的差异提出了一种新颖的优化器。在所提出的差异优化技术中，以这样的方式调整步长，使得它应该具有更大的梯度改变参数的较大步长，以及用于较低梯度改变参数的较低步长。收敛分析是使用在线学习框架的遗憾方法完成。在本文中进行严格的分析超过三种合成复合的非凸功能。图像分类实验也在CiFar10和CiFAR100数据集上进行，以观察漫反射的性能，相对于最先进的优化器，例如SGDM，Adagrad，Adadelta，RMSProp，Amsgrad和Adam。基于基于单元（Reset）的基于卷积神经网络（CNN）架构用于实验中。实验表明，Diffgrad优于其他优化器。此外，我们表明差异对使用不同的激活功能训练CNN的均匀良好。源代码在https://github.com/shivram1987/diffgrad公开使用。

Quadruped robots are currently used in industrial robotics as mechanical aid to automate several routine tasks. However, presently, the usage of such a robot in a domestic setting is still very much a part of the research. This paper discusses the understanding and virtual simulation of such a robot capable of detecting and understanding human emotions, generating its gait, and responding via sounds and expression on a screen. To this end, we use a combination of reinforcement learning and software engineering concepts to simulate a quadruped robot that can understand emotions, navigate through various terrains and detect sound sources, and respond to emotions using audio-visual feedback. This paper aims to establish the framework of simulating a quadruped robot that is emotionally intelligent and can primarily respond to audio-visual stimuli using motor or audio response. The emotion detection from the speech was not as performant as ERANNs or Zeta Policy learning, still managing an accuracy of 63.5%. The video emotion detection system produced results that are almost at par with the state of the art, with an accuracy of 99.66%. Due to its "on-policy" learning process, the PPO algorithm was extremely rapid to learn, allowing the simulated dog to demonstrate a remarkably seamless gait across the different cadences and variations. This enabled the quadruped robot to respond to generated stimuli, allowing us to conclude that it functions as predicted and satisfies the aim of this work.

Searching long egocentric videos with natural language queries (NLQ) has compelling applications in augmented reality and robotics, where a fluid index into everything that a person (agent) has seen before could augment human memory and surface relevant information on demand. However, the structured nature of the learning problem (free-form text query inputs, localized video temporal window outputs) and its needle-in-a-haystack nature makes it both technically challenging and expensive to supervise. We introduce Narrations-as-Queries (NaQ), a data augmentation strategy that transforms standard video-text narrations into training data for a video query localization model. Validating our idea on the Ego4D benchmark, we find it has tremendous impact in practice. NaQ improves multiple top models by substantial margins (even doubling their accuracy), and yields the very best results to date on the Ego4D NLQ challenge, soundly outperforming all challenge winners in the CVPR and ECCV 2022 competitions and topping the current public leaderboard. Beyond achieving the state-of-the-art for NLQ, we also demonstrate unique properties of our approach such as gains on long-tail object queries, and the ability to perform zero-shot and few-shot NLQ.

We introduce Argoverse 2 (AV2) - a collection of three datasets for perception and forecasting research in the self-driving domain. The annotated Sensor Dataset contains 1,000 sequences of multimodal data, encompassing high-resolution imagery from seven ring cameras, and two stereo cameras in addition to lidar point clouds, and 6-DOF map-aligned pose. Sequences contain 3D cuboid annotations for 26 object categories, all of which are sufficiently-sampled to support training and evaluation of 3D perception models. The Lidar Dataset contains 20,000 sequences of unlabeled lidar point clouds and map-aligned pose. This dataset is the largest ever collection of lidar sensor data and supports self-supervised learning and the emerging task of point cloud forecasting. Finally, the Motion Forecasting Dataset contains 250,000 scenarios mined for interesting and challenging interactions between the autonomous vehicle and other actors in each local scene. Models are tasked with the prediction of future motion for "scored actors" in each scenario and are provided with track histories that capture object location, heading, velocity, and category. In all three datasets, each scenario contains its own HD Map with 3D lane and crosswalk geometry - sourced from data captured in six distinct cities. We believe these datasets will support new and existing machine learning research problems in ways that existing datasets do not. All datasets are released under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license.

Cashews are grown by over 3 million smallholders in more than 40 countries worldwide as a principal source of income. As the third largest cashew producer in Africa, Benin has nearly 200,000 smallholder cashew growers contributing 15% of the country's national export earnings. However, a lack of information on where and how cashew trees grow across the country hinders decision-making that could support increased cashew production and poverty alleviation. By leveraging 2.4-m Planet Basemaps and 0.5-m aerial imagery, newly developed deep learning algorithms, and large-scale ground truth datasets, we successfully produced the first national map of cashew in Benin and characterized the expansion of cashew plantations between 2015 and 2021. In particular, we developed a SpatioTemporal Classification with Attention (STCA) model to map the distribution of cashew plantations, which can fully capture texture information from discriminative time steps during a growing season. We further developed a Clustering Augmented Self-supervised Temporal Classification (CASTC) model to distinguish high-density versus low-density cashew plantations by automatic feature extraction and optimized clustering. Results show that the STCA model has an overall accuracy of 80% and the CASTC model achieved an overall accuracy of 77.9%. We found that the cashew area in Benin has doubled from 2015 to 2021 with 60% of new plantation development coming from cropland or fallow land, while encroachment of cashew plantations into protected areas has increased by 70%. Only half of cashew plantations were high-density in 2021, suggesting high potential for intensification. Our study illustrates the power of combining high-resolution remote sensing imagery and state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms to better understand tree crops in the heterogeneous smallholder landscape.

We propose an ensemble approach to predict the labels in linear programming word problems. The entity identification and the meaning representation are two types of tasks to be solved in the NL4Opt competition. We propose the ensembleCRF method to identify the named entities for the first task. We found that single models didn't improve for the given task in our analysis. A set of prediction models predict the entities. The generated results are combined to form a consensus result in the ensembleCRF method. We present an ensemble text generator to produce the representation sentences for the second task. We thought of dividing the problem into multiple small tasks due to the overflow in the output. A single model generates different representations based on the prompt. All the generated text is combined to form an ensemble and produce a mathematical meaning of a linear programming problem.